Efeito das mudanças climáticas sobre o zoneamento agroclimático da Hevea brasiliensis no estado do Tocantins

Apesar do crescimento na produção mundial de látex, há um déficit de produção de 60 milhões de toneladas, situação que deve manter-se nos próximos anos. Isso mostra a importância da expansão da heveicultura, que parece ser um promissor negócio no âmbito da agricultura brasileira. Para definição de áreas aptas à cultura, elaborou-se um zoneamento edafoclimático e ambiental e comparou-se com as áreas implantadas ou em processo de implantação da cultura no estado do Tocantins. Analisou-se, também, o impacto que as mudanças climaticas vão causar no zoneamento dessa cultura para o fim do século.

Physiology and metabolic profile of Moringa olifera and Eucalyptus globulus plants subjected to climate changes

As alterações climáticas emergentes têm um grande impacto no crescimento e desenvolvimento de espécies florestais, nomeadamente em espécies de valor industrial e medicinal, como é o caso do eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus) e da moringa (Moringa oleifera). Assim, é urgente conhecer as respostas fisiológicas e entender as variações que ocorrem nos perfis metabólicos de espécies vegetais. Neste trabalho, plantas jovens de Eucalyptus globulus foram expostas a radiação UVB (12kJ/m2) e foram avaliadas as respostas fisiológicas e o perfil metabólico, um e onze dias após a aplicação da radiação. A dose de UVB usada não afetou as reações fotoquímicas nem as trocas gasosas, contudo ao nível do metabolismo do carbono (AST e amido) e do conteúdo de pigmentos verificaram-se pequenas alterações (AST e pigmentos). Através da análise do perfil metabólico de E. globulus foram encontrados compostos voláteis e semi-voláteis pertencentes às famílias dos terpenos, sesquiterpenos e aldeídos. Em geral, os sesquiterpenos e os álcoois monoterpénicos apresentaram uma tendência para manter e, em alguns casos, diminuir com o stress, enquanto que o grupos dos aldeídos aumentou e os monoterpenos apresentaram um comportamento mais heterogéneo. O E. globulus mostrou ser uma espécie tolerante à aplicação da dose de UVB usada neste trabalho. Por outro lado, plantas jovens de M. oleifera foram expostas a défice hídrico (DH). Um grupo de plantas foi recolhido um dia após o final da exposição e o outro grupo após onze dias do final da exposição. Foi avaliado o perfil metabólico desta espécie através de GC/MS. Os dados cromatográficos indicaram que em condições de stress (DH(1) e DH(11)), as quantidades de compostos associados a vias primárias e secundárias de defesa (como os alcanos, álcoois, ácidos carboxílicos, esteróis, aminoácidos e açucares) sofreram algumas alterações. As plantas analisadas 11 dias após a remoção do stress mostraram maiores variações do perfil de metabolitos. No entanto, tanto um como onze dias após a remoção do stress, as plantas apresentaram a formação de novos rebentos. Apesar do perfil de metabolitos ter sofrido algumas alterações, por não se registarem casos de morte, conclui-se que as plantas de moringa mostraram ser tolerantes aos tratamentos aplicados.

A Designer’s Approach: Exploring how Autistic Adults with Additional Learning Disabilities Experience their Home Environment

Autistic adults with limited speech and additional learning disabilities are people whose perceptions and interactions with their environment are unique, but whose experiences are under-explored in design research. This PhD by Practice investigates how people with autism experience their home environment through a collaboration with the autism charity Kingwood Trust, which gave the designer extensive access to a community of autistic adults that it supports. The PhD reflects upon a neurotypical designer’s approach to working with autistic adults to investigate their relationship with the environment. It identifies and develops collaborative design tools for autistic adults, their support staff and family members to be involved. The PhD presents three design studies that explore a person’s interaction with three environmental contexts of the home i.e. garden, everyday objects and interiors. A strengths-based rather than a deficit-based approach is adopted which draws upon an autistic person’s sensory preferences, special interests and action capabilities, to unravel what discomfort and delight might mean for an autistic person; this approach is translated into three design solutions to enhance their experience at home. By working beyond the boundaries of a neurotypical culture, the PhD bridges the autistic and neurotypical worlds of experience and draws upon what the mainstream design field can learn from designing with autistic people with additional learning disabilities. It also provides insights into the subjective experiences of people who have very different ways of seeing, doing and being in the environment

Face matching impairment in developmental prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is commonly referred to as ‘face blindness’, a term that implies a perceptual basis to the condition. However, DP presents as a deficit in face recognition and is diagnosed using memory-based tasks. Here, we test face identification ability in six people with DP, who are severely impaired on face memory tasks, using tasks that do not rely on memory. First, we compared DP to control participants on a standardised test of unfamiliar face matching using facial images taken on the same day and under standardised studio conditions (Glasgow Face Matching Test; GFMT). DP participants did not differ from normative accuracy scores on the GFMT. Second, we tested face matching performance on a test created using images that were sourced from the Internet and so vary substantially due to changes in viewing conditions and in a person’s appearance (Local Heroes Test; LHT). DP participants show significantly poorer matching accuracy on the LHT relative to control participants, for both unfamiliar and familiar face matching. Interestingly, this deficit is specific to ‘match’ trials, suggesting that people with DP may have particular difficulty in matching images of the same person that contain natural day-to-day variations in appearance. We discuss these results in the broader context of individual differences in face matching ability.

Estudo da variabilidade genética de marcadores moleculares ligados ao gene da MGP e sua aplicação para paternidades em Sparus aurata

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Especialização em Biotecnologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Interaction between water and nutrient deficiencies in helianthus annuus

The physiological response of plants to water deficits are known to vary according to the conditions of application of drought stress and the rate of development of leaf water deficits. At the whole plant level the effect of the water shess is usually perceived as a decrease in photosynthesis and growth, and is associated with alterations in C and N metabolism (McDonald and Davies, 1996). The decrease in water potential affects transpiration and hence xylem transport of nitrate or reduced N into growing regions. The response of the photo-synthetic apparatus either to water stress or rehydration seems to be dependent "on leaf age (O'Neill, 1983; Wolfe et al., 1988). Degradation of both thylakoid and stromal N-containing compounds can occur in response to water stress, recovery from which may pequire more than a week (Chaves, 1991).

Effets de la salinité sur le développement de la canneberge

De nouvelles recommandations dans la production de canneberges suggèrent l’utilisation de l’irrigation souterraine, une méthode susceptible d’augmenter l’accumulation de sels dans le sol. Par ailleurs, le prélèvement d’eaux souterraines saumâtres dans des nappes résiduelles de la mer Champlain sous les dépôts d’argile dans la vallée du St-Laurent ou résultant du rehaussement des niveaux marins dans les zones côtières dû aux changements climatiques pourrait affecter la productivité des canneberges cultivées dans l’Est du Canada. Puisque très peu de données concernant la tolérance de la canneberge à la salinité sont disponibles, cette étude a été menée afin de déterminer si ces nouvelles recommandations pourraient éventuellement affecter le rendement de la plante. Dans une serre, des plants de canneberge ont été soumis à huit traitements obtenus à partir de deux méthodes d’irrigation (aspersion et irrigation souterraine) et quatre niveaux de salinité créés par des quantités croissantes de K2SO4 (125, 2 500, 5 000 et 7 500 kg K2O ha-1). L’irrigation souterraine a entraîné des conditions édaphiques plus sèches. Cependant, aucune différence significative de la conductivité électrique de la solution du sol (CEss) n’a été observée entre les deux types d’irrigation. Pourtant, les taux de photosynthèse et la nouaison étaient significativement plus faibles chez les plantes sous traitement d’irrigation souterraine. Les paramètres de croissance ont diminué de façon linéaire avec l’augmentation de la salinité alors que les paramètres de rendement ont connu une diminution quadratique avec l’élévation de la CEss. Une CEss moyenne de 3,2 dS m-1 pendant la floraison a provoqué une chute de 22% du taux relatif de photosynthèse et une diminution de 56% du rendement par rapport au témoin. Le suivi de la conductivité électrique du sol lors de l’implantation d’une régie d’irrigation souterraine de déficit en production de canneberges serait donc recommandable afin d’éviter le stress salin.

A aprendizagem cooperativa enquanto estratégia para a promoção da atenção dos alunos : o caso de uma turma do 10º ano na disciplina de Economia

Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Geographic Range Shifts under Climate Warming

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013

An Analysis of Local Wind and Air Mass Directions and Their Impact on Cladosporium Distribution Using HYSPLIT and Circular Statistics

Ecological studies that examine species-environment relationships are often limited to several meteorological parameters, i.e. mean air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, vapour pressure deficit and solar radiation. The impact of local wind, its speed and direction are less commonly investigated in aerobiological surveys mainly due to difficulties related to the employment of specific analytical tools and interpretation of their outputs. Identification of inoculum sources of economically important plant pathogens, as well as highly allergenic bioaerosols like Cladosporium species, has not been yet explored with remote sensing data and atmospheric models such as Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). We, therefore, performed an analysis of 24 h intra-diurnal cycle of Cladosporium spp. spores from an urban site in connection with both the local wind direction and overall air mass direction computed by HYSPLIT. The observational method was a volumetric air sampler of the Hirst design with 1 h time resolution and corresponding optical detection of fungal spores with light microscopy. The atmospheric modelling was done using the on-line data set from GDAS with 1° resolution and circular statistical methods. Our results showed stronger, statistically significant correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between high Cladosporium spp. spore concentration and air mass direction compared to the local wind direction. This suggested that a large fraction of the investigated fungal spores had a regional origin and must be located more than a few kilometers away from the sampling point.

Intervenção nutricional numa população hospitalizada em função do risco e estado nutricional

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

Estudo da relação entre o estado nutricional e défice cognitivo em idosos

Tese de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

The potential for neighbourhood regeneration in a period of austerity: changing forms of neighbourhood governance in two cities

Localism is an active political strategy, developed in a period of austerity by the UK's coalition government as a justification for the restructuring of state-civil society relationships. The deprived neighbourhood has long been a site for service delivery and a scale for intervention and action, giving rise to a variety of forms of neighbourhood governance. Prior international comparative research indicated convergence with the US given the rise of the self-help conjuncture and the decline of neighbourhood governance as a medium of regeneration. The subsequent shift in the UK paradigm from ‘big’ to ‘small state’ localism and deficit-reducing cuts to public expenditure confirm these trends, raising questions about the forms of neighbourhood governance currently being established, the role being played by local and central government, and the implications for neighbourhood regeneration. Two emerging forms of neighbourhood governance are examined in two urban local authorities and compared with prior forms examined in earlier research in the case study sites. The emerging forms differ significantly in their design and purpose, but as both are voluntary and receive no additional funding, better organised and more affluent communities are more likely to pursue their development. While it is still rather early to assess the capacity of these forms to promote neighbourhood regeneration, the potential in a period of austerity appears limited. Reduced funding for local services increases the imperative to self-help, while rights to local voice remain limited and the emerging forms provide little scope to influence (declining) local services and (still centralised) planning decisions, especially in neighbourhoods with regeneration needs which are likely to lack the requisite capacities, particularly stores of linking social capital. Initial conclusions suggest greater polarity and the further containment of deprived neighbourhoods.

Estrogen protects the blood–brain barrier from inflammation-induced disruption and increased lymphocyte trafficking

Sex differences have been widely reported in neuroinflammatory disorders, focusing on the contributory role of estrogen. The microvascular endothelium of the brain is a critical component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and it is recognized as a major interface for communication between the periphery and the brain. As such, the cerebral capillary endothelium represents an important target for the peripheral estrogen neuroprotective functions, leading us to hypothesize that estrogen can limit BBB breakdown following the onset of peripheral inflammation. Comparison of male and female murine responses to peripheral LPS challenge revealed a short-term inflammation-induced deficit in BBB integrity in males that was not apparent in young females, but was notable in older, reproductively senescent females. Importantly, ovariectomy and hence estrogen loss recapitulated an aged phenotype in young females, which was reversible upon estradiol replacement. Using a well-established model of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells we investigated the effects of estradiol upon key barrier features, namely paracellular permeability, transendothelial electrical resistance, tight junction integrity and lymphocyte transmigration under basal and inflammatory conditions, modeled by treatment with TNFα and IFNγ. In all cases estradiol prevented inflammation-induced defects in barrier function, action mediated in large part through up-regulation of the central coordinator of tight junction integrity, annexin A1. The key role of this protein was then further confirmed in studies of human or murine annexin A1 genetic ablation models. Together, our data provide novel mechanisms for the protective effects of estrogen, and enhance our understanding of the beneficial role it plays in neurovascular/neuroimmune disease.

As incubadoras de empresas Portuguesas: uma abordagem ao modelo de gestão e ao desempenho do Instituto Empresarial do Minho

As incubadoras de empresas(doravante IE´s) assumem um papel fundamental no âmbito do empreendedorismo e incentivo ao investimento. A partir de novas ideias, estas organizações articulam, conjuntamente com o empreendedor, um pensamento estratégico para o desenvolvimento do negocio. Estas entidades surgiram assim, com o intuito de apoiar a criação e o crescimento de micro e pequenas empresas, como startups, proporcionando-lhes um leque de serviços de apoio e de consultaria no âmbito administrativo, financeiro, jurídico, marketing, informático, promovem sinergias entre as empresas incubadas e dinamizam a relação entre as universidade e o tecido empresarial com vista á construção de uma sociedade cada vez mais competitiva. Em Portugal, a primeira IE´s surgiu em 1987, conhecida por Grupo Aitec, direccionada para as tecnologias de informação e comunicação(doravante TIC). Ao longo dos tempos foram surgindo diversas incubadoras pelo país e em 2012 encontravam-se 56 incubadoras em actividade. Presentemente o país atravessa uma grave crise económica, com um deficit das contas publicas elevado e uma taxa de desemprego na ordem dos 17%. Neste contexto. as IE´s possuem um papel fulcral no apoio á criação do autoemprego, reduzindo o risco do negócio, com diminuição dos custos operacionais das empresas e a promoção de networking. As incubadoras começam fundamentalmente a subarrendar espaços a empresas pequenas, em 1970 as incubadoras foram criadas para estimular os récem-licenciados a desenvolverem as suas ideias de negócio, mais tarde em 1975, surgiram para reaproveitamento dos prédios e a oportunidade da terciarização, por ultimo em 1983 as incubadoras serviam para facilitar a investigação para a industria. O objectivo desta investigação resulta de um cruzamento entre três áreas distintas, a gestão das incubadoras, a satisfação de clientes e o comportamento dos incubados. Ao analisar as incubadoras Portuguesas, sob ponto de vista dos modelos de gestão, cada incubadora pode optar pelo modelo que for mais apropriado á sua gestão e equipa, é importante salientar que a estratégica da incubadora deve estar bem definida. O principal objectivo deste estudo de caso, é proceder a uma avaliação do desenvolvimento do Instituto Empresarial do Minho(doravante IEMinho) com base na satisfação das empresas instaladas, nos motivos de saída mencionados pelas empresas e uma comparação com as restantes incubadas da região Norte. Neste sentido, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido no seio da organização IEMinho, incubadora de base tecnológica. Em concreto, é importante salientar que foi realizada uma primeira abordagem teórica ao tema (com base na literatura) e realizada uma caracterização da IEMinho, de uma forma geral este estudo tem vários objectivos que se pretende que sejam alcançados,como:(i) a analise do modelo de gestão utilizado pelo IEMinho, (ii) a avaliação da satisfação das empresas instaladas, (iii) a analise comparativa de alguns dados dos incubados e ex-incubados, (iv) a investigação do motivo de saída das empresas e(v) comparação da prestação da IEMinho com as restantes incubadoras da região Norte de Portugal.