Períodos de interferência de trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis Hort.) no crescimento inicial de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aspectos morfológicos, germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Mueller) H. Wendl. e Drude (Arecaceae) em diferentes substratos

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a morfologia dos diásporos e as suas fases de germinação, bem como determinar o substrato mais adequado para a germinação das sementes e o crescimento das plântulas de palmeira-da-rainha (Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Mueller) H. Wendl. e Drude). Periodicamente, unidades representativas de cada fase de germinação foram retiradas para as descrições morfológicas. Os substratos utilizados foram Plantmax®, areia, terra (latossolo roxo) e outro com proporções iguais de terra, areia e esterco (TAE). Foi instalado um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem, o tempo médio de germinação e o crescimento inicial das plântulas aos 135 dias após a emergência, com base na altura, diâmetro do colo e número, comprimento e largura das folhas. As sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma ruminado e oleaginoso, e o embrião é lateral, periférico e relativamente indiferenciado. A germinação é do tipo criptocotiledonar hipógea, iniciando-se com a formação de uma massa de células indiferenciadas na depressão micropilar. Essa massa de células torna-se cilíndrica, com a diferenciação dos primórdios caulinares e radiculares. Concomitantemente, ocorre o desenvolvimento de raízes adventícias no eixo embrionário. O substrato mais indicado para a germinação de sementes de palmeira-da-rainha é o Plantmax®, porém, para o crescimento inicial, indica-se Plantmax® e TAE.

Efeito de níveis crescentes de calagem no crescimento e estado nutricional de fedegoso

A distribuição e desenvolvimento de plantas, a exemplo daquelas que infestam as áreas agrícolas, é influenciada por diversos fatores, a como aqueles ligados às caraterísticas do solo, naturais ou impostas pelo homem. Assim, o presente trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido em condições de casa-de-vegetação com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de níveis crescentes de calagem no crescimento e estado nutricional de Senna obtusifolia, planta daninha comum em ecossistemas agrícolas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em quantidades de calcário dolomítico calcinado com 38% de CaO e 20% de MgO, com um poder de neutralização total (PRNT) de 104%: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 t/ha. As parcelas experimentais constituíram-se de recipientes de plástico com capacidade de 5 litros, preenchidos com terra coletada na camada arável de um latossolo vermelho escuro distrófico, A moderado, textura média. Após um período de crescimento de 56 dias as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em seus componentes vegetativos, sendo colocados a secar em estufa de circulação forçada de ar (70ºC por 72 horas) para determinação do peso seco. O material foi pesado e moído e analisado a nível de composição de nutrientes. Os resultados mostraram efeitos negativos dos níveis crescentes de calcário, sobre o crescimento das plantas de S. obtusifolia, evidenciando-se decréscimos nos valores da matéria seca acumulada a partir da dose de 4 t/ha de calcário (pH 5,8), com efeitos mais marcantes nas raízes. A aplicação de doses crescentes de calcário promoveu um aumento progressivo nos teores de Ca e Mg no solo, o que talvez possa ter estimulado a competição entre cátions, reduzindo a absorção do K. Os elementos N e P foram os mais absorvidos pela planta.

Efeitos da faixa de controle do capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de eucalipto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) influenciado pela presença e ausência de palha de cana-de-açúcar e herbicida

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de Cyperus rotundus plantado em diferentes profundidades na ausência e presença de imazapic e palha da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, analisado em esquema fatorial do tipo 2 x 2 x 6, constituindo-se de 24 tratamentos representados pela palha (2 níveis); herbicida (2 níveis) e profundidades de plantio dos tubérculos (6 níveis). Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 25 tubérculos plantados a: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 cm de profundidade, com e sem a aplicação de imazapic (110 g ha-1), na condição de presença e ausência de camada de palha de cana-de-açúcar (15 t ha-1). Concluiu-se que o crescimento das manifestações epígeas foi inibido pelo herbicida somente até aos 60 dias após aplicação (DAA), na ausência e na presença da camada da palha. Nas raízes, a quantidade e viabilidade dos tubérculos foram reduzidas nos tratamentos com ausência da palha e profundidade de plantio mais superficial, na presença ou ausência da aplicação de imazapic.

Crescimento da cebola em função de doses de nitrogênio, potássio e da população de plantas em semeadura direta

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento (in) sustentável das indústrias cerâmicas da microrregião do Vale-do-Açu/RN

A great discussion of this work refers to development that is related to the common census of economic growth, in addition, another component of this discussion is related to socio-cultural and environmental impacts of this conception of progress. Giving economic progress is not necessary, since the development in its fullness, that progress depends, but what is sought is a harmony between capital accumulation and environmental limits and social interactions between men and between them and nature. The presence or absence of this harmonious relationship can be observed in various industrial activities, more punctual can cite the example of the developed ceramic activity in the meso-Valley-Acu in Rio Grande do Norte where such activity has great economic representativeness for the region, but that does not have good relations with social and environmental issues and is more focused on the accumulation of capital by increasing its level of industrial activity. Given this debate, the present paper aims to present the profile of a ceramic tile Valley-of-Acu and impacts, ecosocioambientais generated as a result of this activity as well. Methodologically the research will be conducted through literature research papers in books and other work carried out on the same theme, the second time will be held the empirical part of the research through interviews with managers of industries (selected through sample with the criteria set later ) as well as with employees working on the factory floor and city managers in the region under analysis and other agencies responsible for regulation and control of activity potter in the state

Crescimento e esporulação de isolados de Verticillium lecanii sob diferentes condições nutricionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na nutrição e no crescimento de mudas de laranjeiravalência, enxertadas sobre limoeiro cravo

O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação telada na FCAV/Unesp campus Jaboticabal-SP, durante o período de novembro de 2005 a janeiro de 2007. Conduziu-se este estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar componentes do desenvolvimento e do estado nutricional de mudas de laranjeira Valência (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), enxertadas sobre limoeiro Cravo (Citrus limonia Osbeck), em função de doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3³ + 1, sendo 3 fatores (nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio - NPK), 3 doses e uma testemunha (sem adubação), com 3 repetições. A unidade experimental foi representada por uma muda de laranjeira por sacola com 5 dm³ com 2,5 kg de substrato casca de Pinus spp. e vermiculita. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela metade, uma vez e duas vezes a dose padrão recomendada, de 4.590; 920 e 4.380 mg sacola-1, de N, P e K, respectivamente. As adubações com N e K foram realizadas via fertirrigações três vezes por semana e o P foi adicionado ao substrato antes do replantio das mudas. Aos 424 dias após o transplantio, as plantas foram subdivididas em raízes e parte aérea para determinação da massa da matéria seca, altura, área foliar, diâmetro do caule e conteúdo de nutrientes. A adubação com N, P e K proporcionou maior desenvolvimento e maior acúmulo desses macronutrientes na parte aérea e nas raízes das mudas de laranjeira Valência, sobre limoeiro Cravo. Houve adequado desenvolvimento das plantas com a metade da dose recomendada de N, P e K pela literatura, aproximadamente de 918, 184 e 876 mg dm-3, respectivamente.

Crescimento e esporulação de isolados de Verticillium lecanii sob diferentes fatores ambientais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O princípio constitucional da livre concorrência como instrumento de desenvolvimento socioeconômico

The freedom of concurrence, firstly conceived as a simple market fundament in productive systems that recognized the productive forces freedom of action, appears as a clear instrument of protection and fomentation of the market, recognizing the importance of the simultaneous existence of various economic forces such the proper capitalism reason of constitution. It has, thus, a directly role linked to the fundamental idea that the market and its productive forces needed of a protection against itself, because it exists inside the market situations and circumstances, provoked or not, that could prejudice and even annihilate the its existence and functioning, whilst a complex role of productive forces presents at all economic creation space. It was the primacy of the classic liberalism, the first phase of the capitalism. The Constitutions, in that historic moment, did not proclaim any interference at the economic scenario, simply because it recognized the existence of an economic freedom prepared to justify and guarantee the market forces, with its own rules. Based on the structural changes that occurred at the following historic moments, inside the constitutionally recognized capitalism, it was verified changes in the ambit of treatment of the freedom of concurrence principle that, in a progressive way, passes to present a configuration more concerned with socialist and developing ideas, as long as not only a market guarantee. It emerges a freedom of concurrence which aim is instrumental, in relation to its objectives and constitutional direction as a role, and not anymore stagnant and with isolated treatment, in special at the constitutional systems the present s clear aspects of social interventions and guarantor of fundamental rights more extensive and harmonious. That change is located at a space of state actuation much more ample and juridical important, this time comprehending the necessity of managing the productive scenario aiming to reach a national social and economic development effectively guarantor of fundamental rights for all citizens. Those Constitutions take as point of starting that the social and economic development, and not only anymore the economic growth, is the effective way for concretization of these rights. In that way it needs to be observed and crystallized by political and juridical tools that respect the ideological fundamental spirit of the Constitutional Charters. In that scenario that seeks for solutions of rights accomplishment, in special the social rights, the constitutional principle of freedom of concurrence has been seen as an instrument for reaching bigger values and directives, such as the social justice, which only can be real at a State that can implement a comprehensive and permanent social and economic development. The freedom of concurrence tries to valorize and defend something larger and consonant to the political values expressed in the Constitutional Charters with social character, which is the right to a social and economical sustainable development, guarantor of more clear and compromised collective benefits with social justice. The origin of that constitutional imposition is not only supported by vague orientations of the economic space, but as integrated to it, with basis formed of normative and principles posted and prepared to produce effects at the proper reason of the Constitution

O desenvolvimento sustentável na ordem constitucional e sua promoção através do planejamento urbano

The man, being subject and object of their changes, has passed by many process to find a better life way. Since your existence, he finds to live in groups for make easy your life and make concrete yours desires. All by history, when the individual´s rights was establishment, collectives and lonely way, contribute for evaluate the relationship between individuals and they own, and them and state, which has a duty to those, positive or negative, depending on the case. The circle of fundamentals rights has been sustainable development and the concept of growth economy associated to the environment protection. This association reflect a apparent conflict between values very distinct, but the constitutional interpretation can be reunite both of them and make it live in harmony; values of environmental order and economical order can be exist together, as long as the state contribute to this. On the city, where the most of relationships happening, the urban plan appear how a effective way of sustainable development, finding the harmony between the growth economy and environment protection. To effective the socials functions of the city (inhabit, circulate, work and entertainment) and the citizen´s life quality, the city is the scenery that show how the urban plan, across established previously legal instruments, like the governmental public politics, to effective the right to development, right of third generation. The director plan how effective tool for local needs - obligation defined by Citizen Statute that contribute for the program linked defined by the urban plan. The state´s intervention on the private sector of citizen, and the restriction on their rights are be justified by the collective´s rights and their quality of life. So, in front the urban scenery has been the plan to make social functions of city, the healthy way of life, which is the sustainable development

Federealismo e desenvolvimento: cooperação entre os entes federados limites, direitos e deveres

Taking as a starting point the Classic Federalism and theory of the development this Work intend to present some ideas linked about cooperation between federal entities and intergovernmental relations with the main focus the regulation by the Public Consortia aimed at administrative efficiency as a Constitutional Principle of Activity Administrative, against the current provisions of the Federal Constituition of 1988, and infraconstitutional legislation in order to provoke debate and criticism about the principle of cooperation adopted as a paradigm and the capabilities that the state has and what it is, in fact, an efficient management public. It is in the growth of the state, and not a decrease as a minimal state, which aims to discuss its role in promoting the collective interests, and it is therefore essential, as an institution able to intervene on citizens in the search for socially relevant results. Study Federalism and Development on the premise of public consortia and administrative efficiency requires study the course of history as the formation of the Brazilian State, in particular the fact that he is in joint effort between federal agencies - federal, state and municipal - in order to better review the relations established in this plan, in what concerns directly on the issue of division of powers, especially the common or competitors and the subject of the highest relevance for the implementation of an effective federal pact. Finally, the objective of this Work is not only particularize the institute of public consortia, it is intended to demonstrate the deviousness of the concept of efficiency and the division of powers of federal agencies and the constitutional contribution of the institute as a program that should be put in a tone of debate, adequacy of the practice and the law itself

O Papel do Estado na promoção do Desenvolvimento Nacional: a utilização do instrumento do planejamento na expansão da oferta energética

The progress of a nation is closely linked to the energy supply that it has to develop its economic capabilities. The dependence of contemporary society for energy requires the continued expansion of the use of renewable energy, and implies coordinated action of the Democratic State in the delimitation of the best ways to make full use of energy. In periods of rapid development, countries need an increment of energy supplies superior to those of periods of regular economic growth. Energy demand generated by the condition of Brazil as an emerging country reveals the need for orderly expansion of energy supply. In reverse, lack of energy planning effectively paralyzes a country and generates incalculable losses in national socioeconomic development. The Brazilian Constitution abandoned the notion of development tied to the simple increase in the gross domestic product. The respect for the environment, sovereignty, national development, and especially the constant and growing supply of energy, promotes the advancement of national economic agents, and quenches the simple accounting increase in energy supply. Constitutional principles condition the rational use of energy potentials, in ensuring adequate supply of energy for the entire national territory. The Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy, through its agencies, government offices and companies, establishes and formulates policies and guidelines for energy in Brazil, playing an important role in national energy planning. National development is enhanced by the good performance of the state agencies responsible for planning the energy sector

Desenvolvimento Urbano e Cidades Inclusivas: Estudo Analítico do Princípio Constitucional da Função Social das Cidades

The reality of Latin America points out that the industrialization and urbanization are complementary processes associated each other. Thus, by consequence of the demographic growth, observes the aggravation of an urbanization completely disordered and without infrastructure capable of guaranteeing rights and basic services to the population. In parallel, the dissemination of information, the valorization of human dignity, promoted by social welfare, and expectations of consumption aggravates the tensions among social actors, leading to the Theory of the Right to Development to worry about the (re)construction of cities. Before this reality, the Federal Constitution of 1988 proposed a participatory urban policy, grounded in the ideal of confrontation of social exclusion of a more comprehensive, represented by the principle of the social function of cities, which must be stratified into four inclusion´s central axes, namely: the social in the strict sense, the economic, the cultural and the policy. The Analysis of each of these dimensions, keeping the focus on reality and the Brazilian legal system, composes specific objectives of this work. Thus, through deductive research, with use of technique bibliographical and interdisciplinary, this dissertation aims to make connections between social function and development, proposing an analytical concept for the proposing an analytical concept for the principle of social function of cities, through the study of its basic elements. With this, purports to demonstrate how results, firstly, that the juridical study, to fully understand the process of marginalization, must maintain multidisciplinary perspective, own social sciences. Also aims to demonstrate that the dimensions of inclusion are formed by fundamental rights, individual and collective, of liberties and of social guarantees and that without respect to all of them there is no way to talk about implementation of urban development and nor, consequently, about inclusive cities. At the end, after checking the main legal instruments of urban policy that emphasize the community participation, provided for in the Statute of the Cities, and that potentiate the breakup of the circles of exclusion, the work want contribute to the clarification and the awaken to the importance of a new perspective democratic of development in the country, grounded in the appreciation of the individual for realization of modern management, decentralized and that, therefore, inserts the effective participation of urban communities in the acting of the State