Upper Guinea Creole Evidence in favor of a Santiago birth

This paper addresses the debate on the place of origin of the Upper Guinea branch of Portuguese Creole (UGPC) as spoken in Guinea-Bissau and Casamance (GBC)1 and on the Santiago Island of Cape Verde (SCV). The hypothesis that UGPC emerged on Santiago rather than on the mainland is underpinned both historically and linguistically. First, a historical framework is presented that accounts for the linguistic transfer from Santiago to Cacheu. Secondly, Parkvall’s (2000) lexical evidence in favor of a Santiago birth will be analyzed and corroborated. Thirdly, a phonological trait that separates GBC from SCV is highlighted and shown to favor a Santiago origin. Finally, lexical and phonological features typical of 15th–16th century Portuguese shared by GBC and SCV are combined with historical data to further strengthen the Santiago birth hypothesis.

Protect Yourself from Domestic Violence

This booklet is a general summary of domestic abuse law and procedures in Iowa.

Midwest Regional Rail Passenger Initiative Status Report December 2006

This report is submitted as required per Code of Iowa section 327J.3(5), "The director shall report annually to the general assembly concerning the development and operation of the midwest regional rail system and the state's passenger rail service." The Midwest Regional Rail Initiative (MWRRI) is a nine-state effort to develop an implementation plan for a 3,000-mile, high-speed rail system hubbed in Chicago. Studies done since 1996 have concluded that such a regional system, including a line from Chicago to Omaha through Davenport, Iowa City and Des Moines, is viable. Most of the system would be upgraded to allow 110 mile-per-hour service. Some low volume lines, including the Iowa portions, would be upgraded for 79 mile-per-hour service. The nine-state coalition released an updated 2004 executive report for the system. As reported, the updated cost estimate for the Chicago to Omaha corridor, which includes a branch to Quincy, Ill., is $638 million for infrastructure and $167 million for rolling stock. These costs are higher than first estimated in 1998 and are given in 2002 dollars, (not adjusted for the cost of inflation). Operating subsidies would be required during an extended start-up phase. The allocation of these subsidy costs among the various states has not been determined, and is still a subject for analysis and negotiation. Little progress on implementation is expected unless a federal funding package is passed for passenger rail initiatives. Continued congressional discussion on policy directions relative to Amtrak clouds the issue of passenger rail funding. However, Congress is expected to address passenger rail issues and funding in 2007. Participation of the Iowa Department of Transportation in the MWRRI is authorized under Iowa Code section 327J.3.

O Processo de Implementação do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade nas Organizações - Caso Alucar, S.A.

O presente trabalho de investigação visa explorar o “Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade” e evidenciar os procedimentos e técnicas que regem a sua implementação nas Organizações, surgindo como modelo, nesse estudo, o caso da Empresa de Aluguer de Automóveis, - ALUCAR, S.A. A nossa decisão de alvitrar a implementação desse sistema advém do conhecimento das mais-valias que esse precioso instrumento de gestão vai proporcionar à referida Organização assim como à sociedade em geral. Ao longo do trabalho, fazemos uma descrição do processo evolutivo da Qualidade, referimo-nos às suas definições, dimensões, custos e principais mentores. Na parte da Gestão da Qualidade Total, abordamos aspectos das organizações ISO e EFQM e depois reflectimos sobre a situação da Qualidade em Cabo Verde. Posteriormente, fazemos uma caracterização da Empresa em estudo, indicamos os trabalhos preliminares que devem ser levados a cabo num projecto do tipo, apresentamos as fases do processo de implementação do sistema, uma proposta de um Manual da Qualidade e, por último, as limitações e conclusões do trabalho. Durante o desenvolvimento do tema, respondemos às perguntas de partida e, opinamos sobre os objectivos gerais e específicos indicados no nosso projecto. Estamos em crer que, se o sistema em apreço for implementado na Empresa seguindo todos os passos recomendados no estudo, e havendo um forte envolvimento da gestão de topo em todo o processo, por certo que os objectivos preconizados serão atingidos. A implementação do SGQ e a certificação de uma empresa são tidas como robustos alicerces para a continuidade saudável da empresa, tendo em conta o meio envolvente cada vez mais exigente, competitivo, globalizado e globalizante. This investigative work intends to explore the “Quality Management System” and enhances the procedures and techniques that rule its implementation on Organizations, using as model in the present study, ALUCAR, S.A., a rent-a-car company. Our decision to implement this system is due to the fact that it is widely accepted that such realization brings advantages not only to clients, but also to the Organization and to society as a whole. Throughout this work, we will describe the processes of development of the quest for quality in companies, its definitions, dimensions, costs and main mentors, in the branch of the Total Quality Management; we approach aspects of such organizations as ISO and EFQM, and later depict the quality implement situation in Cape Verde. Posterior to that, we characterize the company ALUCAR, S.A., and indicate the preliminary works that ought to be taken into account when implementing quality management, present phases of such accomplishment, a proposal for a Quality Manual and, lastly, the limitations of this study, and the conclusions we have derived from such analysis. While developing the themes related to quality, we provide answers to our research questions, and indicate our general and specific objectives. It is our firm conviction that if the system here appraised is implemented in the mentioned company, following all recommended steps and with a strong involvement of management responsibles, all through the process, surely the objectives praised will be achieved. The implementation of the SGQ system and the certification of a company are two very important steps for a healthy development, knowing that the business milieu is becoming ever more demanding, competitive, globalized and globalizing.

Post-traumatic stimulus suppressible myoclonus of peripheral origin.

A patient is described who presented with myoclonus of the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the right foot. This myoclonus occurred 18 months after trauma of the cutaneous branch of the deep peroneal nerve on the dorsal aspect of the foot. Tactile stimulation in the dermatome of this nerve, or an anaesthetic block of the deep peroneal nerve stopped the myoclonus. The different innervation between the efferent motor activity responsible for the movements and the sensory afference suppressing it points firmly towards involvement of central connections. However, abolition of the movement by anaesthesia suggests the presence of a peripheral ectopic generator. This finding confirms that focal myoclonus can have its origin in the peripheral nervous system and may be modulated by sensory inputs.

Pulmonary artery rupture during Swan-Ganz catheterisation: a case report

Catheter-induced pulmonary artery rupture is an infrequent complication that may occur during invasive cardiopulmonary monitoring. Fatal cases are uncommon and result from hemoptysis and flooding of the opposite lung with resulting hypoyxia. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterised by low serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin, critical in maintaining connective tissue integrity. Besides pulmonary emphysema, recent observations suggest that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency may also be involved in vascular wall weakening, thereby predisposing arteries to dissection and aneurysm formation. In this article, we describe an autopsy case of pulmonary artery iatrogenic rupture due to insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter in an 82-year-old woman suffering from pulmonary hypertension and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The exact source of bleeding could not be precisely identified during autopsy due to the extent of tissue hemorrhage, though postmortem angiography revealed a contrast medium extravasation from a branch of the left pulmonary lower lobar artery. The case herein emphasises the importance of postmortem angiography in facilitating the detection of vascular injuries, the importance of familiarity with intensive care techniques and procedures on behalf of forensic pathologists as well as in-depth knowledge of all possible contributing conditions and predisposing disorders in the pathogenesis of death.

Ovipositing behaviour of Compsobracon mirabilis (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in a cerrado habitat, southeastern Brazil

The oviposition behaviour of the braconid parasitoid, Compsobracon mirabilis ( Szépligeti, 1901) is described. Observations were conducted in a cerrado region located in Três Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The oviposition occurred in a branch of Alibertia concolor (Cham.) K. Schum. 1889 (Rubiaceae), inside of which there were thirteen larvae of an unidentified species of Lepidoptera.

Departure Survey Report, 2005

This project was initiated by the Department of Personnel, now the Department of Administrative Services (DAS)– Human Resources Enterprise (HRE), to assist executive branch agencies in determining why employees leave their employ or state government as well as provide insight into past employee perceptions of their employer. As the workforce continues to age and at the same time the available workforce declines, employers must have data to manage their turnover effectively.

Departure Survey Report, 2006

This project was initiated by the Department of Personnel, now the Department of Administrative Services (DAS)– Human Resources Enterprise (HRE), to assist executive branch agencies in determining why employees leave their employ or state government as well as provide insight into past employee perceptions of their employer. As the workforce continues to age and at the same time the available workforce declines, employers must have data to manage their turnover effectively.

O papel da auditoria interna e as suas implicações nas empresas públicas- estudo de caso: TACV

A auditoria interna é uma actividade independente ancorada à administração da empresa, com vista a acrescentar valor à organização nela inserida, observando o funcionamento dos controlos internos existentes. É uma actividade importante para qualquer empresa, por ser a única que tem acesso a todas as outras áreas da empresa. Cada vez ela torna-se mais importante, pois o mundo encontra-se em constante desenvolvimento e as empresas acompanham esse desenvolvimento ampliando as suas actividades, ou dimensão. O objectivo do estudo foi analisar o funcionamento da auditoria interna nas empresas públicas, identificando os seus benefícios e importância. Realizou-se um estudo bibliográfico e estudo de caso nas empresas públicas da cidade da Praia, através de questionários que foram distribuídos aos responsáveis de cada empresa, centralizando na TACV. Resultado: A maioria das empresas inqueridas é de grande dimensão, representando 57,1 %, as pequenas empresas representando 21.4% e as médias também representando 21.4. O ramo de prestação de serviço teve predominância com 64,3 %, comercial com 21,4% e 14,3 % do ramo industrial. Um total de 57 % das empresas inqueridas realizam auditoria interna e os 43 % que não realizam enunciaram como principais motivos o alto custo e a falta de necessidade, 40% enuncia alto custo, 40% diz não ser necessário e 20% tem outros motivos que não foram especificados. Verificou-se também que 25 % das empresas que realizam auditoria interna não tem o departamento de auditoria interna definido no organograma. Internal auditing is an independent activity anchored to the company management, with a view to adding value to the organization it inserted, observing the operation of existing internal controls. It is an important activity for any company, being the only one that has access to all other areas of the company. Each time it becomes more important as the world is constantly evolving and business development that accompany expanding its activities, or size. The aim of the study was to analyze the functioning of the internal audit public companies, identifying the benefits and importance. We conducted a bibliographic study and a case study in the public utilities of the city of Praia, through questionnaires that were distributed to the heads of each company, centering on TACV. Results: The majority of companies surveyed is large, representing 57.1%, small businesses represent 21.4% and averages also representing 21.4. The branch of service predominated with 64.3%, commercial 21.4% and 14.3% of the industrial sector. A total of 57% of companies surveyed conduct internal audit and the 43% who do not perform as main reasons enunciated the high cost and lack of need, high-cost states 40%, 40% say it is not necessary and 20% have reasons other than were specified. It was also found that 25% of companies that perform internal audit does not have the internal audit department defined in the organizational chart.

Branqueamento de capitais e financiamento do terrorismo: Controlo e prevenção - Caso sector bancário cabo-verdiano

O presente trabalho intitulado “Branqueamento de Capitais e Financiamento do Terrorismo: Controlo e Prevenção”, enquadra-se no âmbito de licenciatura em Contabilidade e Administração, ramo Auditoria, com o objectivo de aferir o estado de desenvolvimento do sector bancário Cabo-Verdiano, em termos de controlo e prevenção do branqueamento de capitais e financiamento do terrorismo (BC/FT), nomeadamente perceber qual o nível de preparação existente, para fazer face às 40 recomendações do GAFI e outras organizações e identificar o progresso feito no sector desde 2009 nesta temática, nomeadamente após a entrada em vigor da Lei n.º 38/VII/2009, de 27 de Abril. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho científico integra-se num quadro metodológico em que se incidiu sobre a abordagem quantitativa e exploratória, aplicando o inquérito por questionário. Com este trabalho de pesquisa, conclui-se que em Cabo Verde, no sector bancário, vem se fazendo, nos últimos quatro anos, progressos substanciais em alguns dos aspectos em análise no âmbito do controlo e prevenção de branqueamento de capitais e do combate ao financiamento do terrorismo. This current work entitled "Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism: Prevention and Control", has been written in the context of a degree in Accounting and Management, Audit Branch, in order to assess the state of development of the banking sector of Cape Verde in the control and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF), including to notice what level of preparation existing, to meet the FATF 40 Recommendations and other organizations and identify the progress made in the sector since 2009 in this theme, especially after the entry into force of Law no. 38/VII/2009 , April 27 th . The development of this scientific work is part of a methodological framework that is focused on exploratory and quantitative approach, using the questionnaire survey. With this research, it is concluded that in Cape Verde, in the banking sector has been doing for the past four years, substantial progress in some of the aspects analyzed under control and prevention of money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism.

Relationships between host plant architecture and gall abundance and survival

The plant architecture hypothesis predicts that variation in host plant architecture influences insect herbivore community structure, dynamics and performance. In this study we evaluated the effects of Macairea radula (Melastomataceae) architecture on the abundance of galls induced by a moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Plant architecture and gall abundance were directly recorded on 58 arbitrarily chosen M. radula host plants in the rainy season of 2006 in an area of Cerrado vegetation, southeastern Brazil. Plant height, dry biomass, number of branches, number of shoots and leaf abundance were used as predicting variables of gall abundance and larval survival. Gall abundance correlated positively with host plant biomass and branch number. Otherwise, no correlation (p > 0.05) was found between gall abundance with shoot number or with the number of leaves/plant. From a total of 124 galls analyzed, 67.7% survived, 14.5% were attacked by parasitoids, while 17.7% died due to unknown causes. Larvae that survived or were parasitized were not influenced by architectural complexity of the host plant. Our results partially corroborate the plant architecture hypothesis, but since parasitism was not related to plant architecture it is argued that bottom-up effects may be more important than top-down effects in controlling the population dynamics of the galling lepidopteran. Because galling insects often decrease plant fitness, the potential of galling insects in selecting for less architectural complex plants is discussed.

A Gestão da Formação na Sucursal da Mundiserviços em Cabo Verde

O presente Relatório de Estágio insere-se no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estágio, realizado na empresa MundiServiços, Consultoria de Gestão e Formação, Sucursal de Cabo Verde, conducente ao grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação com especialização na área de Formação de Adultos. A Sucursal da MundiServiços em Cabo Verde centra a sua intervenção no mercado cabo-verdiano essencialmente em dois eixos: Consultoria na área de Gestão de Recursos Humanos e Formação Profissional. O meu Projecto de Estágio tem a sua incidência na área da Formação Profissional e visa responder a uma solicitação da ARFA - Agência de Regulação e Supervisão de Produtos Farmacêuticos e Alimentares - organização cliente da MundiServiços em Cabo Verde. Neste contexto, o Projecto de Estágio tem como finalidade a realização de um Estudo de Diagnóstico de Necessidades de Formação e a Elaboração de um Plano Estratégico de Formação que possa satisfazer as necessidades organizacionais, profissionais e pessoais da Agência e dos seus trabalhadores. Este trabalho enquadra-se numa medida estratégica da entidade, que passa pelo desenvolvimento de competências chave dos seus recursos humanos, como forma de responder a novos desafios estratégicos e organizacionais e de aumentar a motivação e satisfação interna dos seus trabalhadores. De acordo com os objectivos pré-estabelecidos para a execução deste estudo, tentou-se combinar as metodologias qualitativa e quantitativa, com recurso a diferentes técnicas de recolha, análise e tratamento de dados, com a principal finalidade de obter informações que permitam responder, de forma efectiva, à solicitação da agência, transformando as necessidades formativas dos trabalhadores em potencialidades.

Gall midge attack intensity and host-plant response in a Neotropical coastal ecosystem

The gall inducer Clusiamyia nitida Maia, 1996 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) often infests the shrub Clusia lanceolata (Camb.) (Clusiaceae) in the Neotropical vegetation of restinga of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Leaves of Clusia lanceolata host up to 20 spheroid galls and show variation in their shape. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gall's intensity on leaves of Clusia lanceolata, and the extension of gall's impact on adjacent non-galled leaves. We analyzed the effect of the number of galls on leaf area, biomass, specific area and leaf appearance from 509 leaves of 14 individual plants. The results showed that differences of individual plants, pairs of leaves, and gall presence were responsible for more then 90% of variation on infested leaves. Variation on parasitic intensity level created differences in leaf response. Under moderate gall attack characterized by scattered galls on a leaf, the increase of the number of galls caused an increase of leaf biomass and area, and a decrease of specific area. The specific area was smaller also under high attack intensity, characterized by coalescent galls on a leaf. In those cases of extremely high parasitic intensity, galled leaves became deformed and the surface area was severely reduced. Leaf deformation due to gall attack led to early leaf abscission, indicated by the 90% of deformed leaves found in the youngest leaf pair of the branch. There was insufficient evidence that the impact of galls on leaf morpho-physiological parameters extended beyond the attacked leaves, because ungalled leaves did not change significantly when their opposite leaf had been galled.

Nest structure and occurrence of three species of Azteca (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cecropia pachystachya (Urticaceae) in non-floodable and floodable pantanal areas

Thirty Cecropia pachystachya trees were examined in non-floodable and floodable areas to investigate the association between C. pachystachya and Azteca ants in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The species Azteca ovaticeps, Azteca isthmica, and Azteca alfari were found nesting inside domatia of C. pachystachya. A. ovaticeps was the most frequent species in the trees in the floodable area, while A. isthmica and A. alfari, in the non-floodable area. A. ovaticeps and A. isthmica maintained more entrance/exit holes in comparison to A. alfari. All Azteca species maintained entrance/exit holes in the closest domatia to the apical area of the branch, due to proximity to Müllerian and pearl bodies, suggesting that these species of Azteca were influenced by their environment during evolution and became specialized. All internodal septa of each examined branch were perforated by ants, indicating the branches were inhabited by a single colony.