Thermoelectric properties of indium doped Cu2CdSnSe4

Recently, research in copper-based quaternary chalcogenide materials has been found to be interesting for the study of thermoelectric properties because of their low thermal conductivity due to complex crystal structures. In the present work, stoichiometric quaternary chalcogenide compounds Cu2CdSn1-xInxSe4(x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) were prepared by solid state synthesis. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples showed a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group I (4) over bar 2m of the main phase. In addition to this phase, a small amount of impurity phase CdSe was present in all the samples, as confirmed by Rietveld analysis. The elemental composition of all the samples characterized by an Electron Probe Micro Analyzer showed a slight deviation from the nominal composition. The transport properties were measured in the temperature range of 350 K-723 K. The positive Seebeck coefficient of all the compounds indicate that the majority carriers are holes. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity did not follow the trend in the expected manner with In doping, which could be influenced by the presence of the impurity phases. The total thermal conductivity of all the samples was dominated by the lattice thermal conductivity, while the electronic contribution was very small due to the low carrier contribution. A lattice thermal conductivity decrease with an increase of temperature indicates the dominance of phonon-phonon scattering at higher temperatures. The maximum figure of merit zT = 0.30 at 723 K was obtained for the compound Cu2CdSn0.9In0.1Se4. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Localized Charge Carrier Transport Properties of Zn1-x Ni (x) O/NiO Two-Phase Composites

We report the localized charge carrier transport of two-phase composite Zn1-x Ni (x) O/NiO (0 a parts per thousand currency sign x a parts per thousand currency sign 1) using the temperature dependence of ac-resistivity rho (ac)(T) across the N,el temperature T (N) (= 523 K) of nickel oxide. Our results provide strong evidence to the variable range hopping of charge carriers between the localized states through a mechanism involving spin-dependent activation energies. The temperature variation of carrier hopping energy epsilon (h)(T) and nearest-neighbor exchange-coupling parameter J (ij)(T) evaluated from the small poleron model exhibits a well-defined anomaly across T (N). For all the composite systems, the average exchange-coupling parameter (J (ij))(AVG) nearly equals to 70 meV which is slightly greater than the 60-meV exciton binding energy of pure zinc oxide. The magnitudes of epsilon (h) (similar to 0.17 eV) and J (ij) (similar to 11 meV) of pure NiO synthesized under oxygen-rich conditions are consistent with the previously reported theoretical estimation based on Green's function analysis. A systematic correlation between the oxygen stoichiometry and, epsilon (h)(T) and J (ij)(T) is discussed.

Theoretical insights on the electro-thermal transport properties of monolayer MoS2 with line defects

Two dimensional (2D) materials demonstrate several novel electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties which are quite distinctive to those of their bulk form. Among many others, one important potential application of the 2D material is its use in the field of energy harvesting. Owing to that, here we present a detailed study on electrical as well as thermal transport of monolayer MoS2, in quasi ballistic regime. Besides the perfect monolayer in its pristine form, we also consider various line defects which have been experimentally observed in mechanically exfoliated MoS2 samples. For calculating various parameters related to the electrical transmission, we employ the non-equilibrium Green's function-density functional theory combination. However, to obtain the phonon transmission, we take help of the parametrized Stillinger-Weber potential which can accurately delineate the inter-atomic interactions for the monolayer MoS2. Due to the presence of line defects, we observed significant reductions in both the charge carrier and the phonon transmissions through a monolayer MoS2 flake. Moreover, we also report a comparative analysis showing the temperature dependency of the thermoelectric figure of merit values, as obtained for the perfect as well as the other defective 2D samples. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.

Correlation of transport and magnetic critical currents in melt-processed YBa2Cu3O7-δ thick films

Transport critical current measurements have been carried out on melt-processed thick films of YBa2Cu3O7-δ on yttria-stabilized zirconia in fields of up to 8 T both within grains and across grain boundaries. These measurements yield Jc values of ∼3000 A cm-2 at 4.2 K and zero magnetic field and 400 A cm -2 at 77 K and zero magnetic field, taking the entire sample width as the definitive dimension. Optical and scanning electron microscopy reveals that the thick-film grains consist typically of a central "hub" region ∼50 μm in diameter, which is well connected to radial subgrains or "spokes" which extend ∼1 mm to define the complete grain structure. Attempts have been made to correlate the transport measurements of inter- and intra-hub-and-spoke (H-S) critical current with values of this parameter derived previously from magnetization measurements. Analysis of the transport measurements indicates that current flow through H-S grains is constrained to paths along the spokes via the grain hub. Taking the size of the hub as the definitive dimension yields an intra-H-S grain Jc of ∼60 000 A cm-2 at 4.2 K and 0 T, which is in reasonable agreement with the magnetization data. Experiments in which the hub is removed from individual grains confirm that this feature determines critically the J c of the film.

Wind Tunnel Experimental Investigation Of Sand Velocity In Aeolian Sand Transport

Sand velocity in aeolian sand transport was measured using the laser Doppler technique of PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) in a wind tunnel. The sand velocity profile, probability distribution of particle velocity, particle velocity fluctuation and particle turbulence were analyzed in detail. The experimental results verified that the sand horizontal velocity profile can be expressed by a logarithmic function above 0.01 in, while a deviation occurs below 0.01 m. The mean vertical velocity of grains generally ranges from -0.2 m/s to 0.2 m/s, and is downward at the lower height, upward at the higher height. The probability distributions of the horizontal velocity of ascending and descending particles have a typical peak and are right-skewed at a height of 4 turn in the lower part of saltation layer. The vertical profile of the horizontal RMS velocity fluctuation of particles shows a single peak. The horizontal RMS velocity fluctuation of sand particles is generally larger than the vertical RMS velocity fluctuation. The RMS velocity fluctuations of grains in both horizontal and vertical directions increase with wind velocity. The particle turbulence intensity decreases with height. The present investigation is helpful in understanding the sand movement mechanism in windblown sand transport and also provides a reference for the study of blowing sand velocity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Evaluación de diferentes tratamientos en el control de yemas axilares del tabaco Nicotiana tabacum L. variedad Burley KY-17

En el complejo tabaco, “Hermanos Mendoza” unida de producción estatal (U: P; E) “Juan José Morales” se estableció en la época lluviosas, periodo comprendido del 25 de Julio de 1985 y parte de la Época seca 19 de Enero 1986 un ensayo cuyos tratamientos estudiados fueron todas las combinaciones de tres deshija dores químicos, tres dosis de cada uno y dos diferentes momentos de aplicación, incluyendo un testigo absoluto (sin deshija), y un testigo relativo (deshije manual). Se planteó como objetivos determinar la efectividad de los diferentes tratamientos de las yemas axilares en la planta de tabaco; además identificar la mejor relación beneficio-costo de los tratamientos estudiados. El diseño empleado fue el de bloques completos al azar con cuatros repeticiones. Los productos conocidos como hidrácida maleica en dosis de 2.70 y kg. i.a/ha, y alcoholes grasos en dosis de 6.80Kg. I.a./ha., ejercieron un control excelente sobre las yemas auxiliares de tabaco, arrojado rendimientos similares al resto de los tratamientos, acepto el tratamiento donde se aplicó hidrácida maleica en dosis de 1.35kg.i.a./ha, a los tres dios después del desmote que fue al que arrojo menor rendimiento en peso seca de hojas. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con pendimatallina en dosis de 0.5kg.i.a./ha., a los cincos días después del desbotone, y con alcoholes grasos en dosis de 8.5 kg. I.a./a a los ocho días después del desbotone Los mayores resultados sobre el rendimiento se obtuvieron con el tratamiento de alcoholes grasos de dosis de 8.5, kg i.a./ha ., aplicado a los ocho días después del desbotone, determinando una producción de 2.1605 kg/P.U y un óptimo económico que corresponde a un retorno en ganancias neta de C$ 5.39,376.62 (quinientos treinta y nueve mil trescientos setenta y seis córdobas con 62/100 por hectárea, equivalente a C$ 1,7426 córdobas de ganancia neta por cada córdobas investido.

A non-equilibrium sediment transport model for rill erosion

Sediment transport in rill flows exhibits the characteristics of non-equilibrium transport, and the sediment transport rate of rill flow gradually recovers along the flow direction by erosion. By employing the concept of partial equilibrium sediment transport from open channel hydraulics, a dynamic model of rill erosion on hillslopes was developed. In the model, a parameter, called the restoration coefficient of sediment transport capacity, was used to express the recovery process of sediment transport rate, which was analysed by dimensional analysis and determined from laboratory experimental data. The values of soil loss simulated by the model were in agreement with observed values. The model results showed that the length and gradient of the hillslope and rainfall intensity had different influences on rill erosion. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Jet:progress in performance and understanding

In 1990 JET operated with a number of technical improvements which led to advances in performance and permitted the carrying out of experiments specifically aimed at improving physics understanding of selected topics relevant to the "NEXT STEP". The new facilities include beryllium antenna screens, a prototype lower hybrid current drive system, and modification of the NI system to enable the injection of He-3 and He-4. Continued investigation of the hot-ion H-mode produced a value of n(D)(0)tau-E(T)(i)(0) = 9 x 10(20)m-3s keV, which is near conditions required for Q(DT) = 1, while a new peaked density profile H-mode was developed with only slightly lower performance. Progress towards steady state operation has been made by achieving ELMy H-modes under certain operating conditions, while maintaining good tau-E values. Experimental simulation of He ash transport indicates effective removal of alpha-particles from the plasma core for both L and H mode plasmas. Detailed analyses of particle and energy transport have helped establish a firmer link between particle and energy transport, and have suggested a connection between reduced energy transport and reversed shear. Numerical and analytic studies of divertor physics carried out for the pumped divertor phase of JET have helped clarify the key parameters governing impurity retention, and an intensive model validation effort has begun. Experimental simulation of alpha-particle effects with beta-fast up to 8% have shown that the slowing down processes are classical, and have given no evidence of deleterious collective effects.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 176 C]

Direitos trabalhistas e liberdade sindical é tema de Sessão Extraordinária da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. O Deputado Luiz Gushiken (PT-SP) é a favor da diminuição da jornada de trabalho, como uma forma eficiente de gerar empregos. O Grupo dos 32 (trinta e dois) e o Grupo dos Progressistas voltaram a se reunir para buscar acordo sobre os temas polêmicos e um dos pontos já acertados é sobre o meio ambiente. A Deputada Sandra Cavalcanti (PFL-RJ) afirma que, em relação ao meio ambiente, a grande conquista do cidadão será a existência de instrumentos legais para defender a criatura humana de tudo aquilo que significar uma lesão a sua qualidade de vida. O Senador Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PMDB-SP) comenta que ainda há discussão sobre a emissão de posse na Reforma Agrária. O Relator Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) e os relatores adjuntos discutiram com o Presidente da Assempleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) as próximas etapas do trabalho. Transformou-se em festa o dia da entrega das emendas populares. Foram entregues mais de vinte propostas com cerca de dois milhões de assinaturas. Mário Amato, Presidente da FIESP, entregou três propostas com mais de um milhão de assinaturas. Os publicitários compareceram para reivindicar a retirada do artigo que proíbe a propaganda de cigarros, remédios e bebidas no rádio e na TV. O Presidente da CUT, Jair Meneguelli, declara que, em nível nacional, houve participação da entidade nas trinta e sete emendas populares que foram apresentadas, mas duas tiveram prioridade : a da Reforma Agrária e a dos Direitos Trabalhistas. O Deputado Paulo Delgado (PT-MG) acredita no rompimento da tradição brasileira de que só os políticos podem fazer leis.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 193 C]

A situação do Nordeste e o drama da população que convive com a seca, o analfabetismo e a fome. Deputados e Senadores da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) opinam sobre o tema. O Deputado Antônio Mariz (PMDB-PB) informa que o principal problema é o subdesenvolvimento nordestino, o fato da região ter sido marginalizada e mantida fora dos fluxos normais do crescimento econômico do país. No Agreste Nordestino todos os planos da SUDENE (Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste) previam a abertura de poços para aguar as pastagens, mas foram construídos apenas nas terras dos coronéis. Outro projeto da SUDENE que não deu certo foi o de produzir alimentos na zona úmida, em todo o vale do Rio São Francisco. O Senador Mansueto de Lavor (PMDB-PE) considera que as causas das crises do Nordeste tem origem no modelo de sociedade implantado na região, com a predominância das oligarquias que associam poder político e poder econômico. Dados sobre analfabetismo, subnutrição e distribuição de renda. O Deputado Raimundo Bezerra (PMDB-CE) afirma que há necessidade de diferenciar o Nordeste das demais regiões ricas para que as desigualdades desapareçam. A falta de terras e a seca tornou nômade o povo nordestino. O Deputado Agassiz de Almeida (PMDB-PB) esclarece que o processo de imigração do homem nordestino gera inchaço dos grandes centros urbanos e que é preciso ter uma política de fixação desse homem ao seu universo e as suas tradições. A Deputada Wilma Maia (PDS-RN) afirma que o Nordeste precisa de uma reforma agrária.