Symboler - som en vän i regnet eller en skatt från havet? : En kvalitativ studie om symbolers representation, funktion och kommunikation med Rörstrands Mon Amie och Ostindia som exempel

Med denna studie har jag undersökt hur ett antal individer uppfattar symboler. Jag har närmre undersökt hur symboler kan användas för att kommunicera i det vardagliga sociala livet och vad detta tillför individerna. Syftet med detta var att dels utifrån nya exempel utöka befintlig information om och förståelse för hur individer använder symboler i sitt vardagliga liv. Syftet var även att få vetskap om hur Rörstrand och individerna kommunicerar symbolernas representation utifrån gemensamt kulturellt kapital och berättande. Detta har möjliggjorts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Sex personer intervjuades samt Rörstrands Product and Marketing Manager Eva Tiedman. Intervjuerna och materialet har utformats och analyserats med hjälp av en teoretisk ram bestående av symbolisk interaktionism, storytelling, representation, nostalgi och retro. Studien resulterade i att Rörstrands kommunikation nått intervjupersonerna och att den breddat representationen av symbolerna men utan att mottagarna tydligt noterat detta då kommunikationen härrör från gemensamt kulturellt kapital. Detta resulterar i att producent och mottagare tillsammans kommunicerar produkternas representation och funktion. Studien bekräftar även att Rörstrands vision om vad produkterna tillför individer överensstämmer med intervjupersonernas upplevelser. Intervjupersonerna använder symbolerna för att kommunicera med sin omgivning i det vardagliga livet beroende på gemensamma representationer. Symbolerna ger upphov till positiva nostalgiska känslor, används för att bygga upp en scen på vilken man kan spela upp sin självbild och identitet samt skapar och upprätthåller sociala relationer.

Magnification factors for the SOM and GTM algorithms

Magnification factors specify the extent to which the area of a small patch of the latent (or `feature') space of a topographic mapping is magnified on projection to the data space, and are of considerable interest in both neuro-biological and data analysis contexts. Previous attempts to consider magnification factors for the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm have been hindered because the mapping is only defined at discrete points (given by the reference vectors). In this paper we consider the batch version of SOM, for which a continuous mapping can be defined, as well as the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) algorithm of Bishop et al. (1997) which has been introduced as a probabilistic formulation of the SOM. We show how the techniques of differential geometry can be used to determine magnification factors as continuous functions of the latent space coordinates. The results are illustrated here using a problem involving the identification of crab species from morphological data.

A stage-oriented model (SOM) for e-commerce adoption:a study of Saudi Arabian organisations

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to construct a new e-commerce innovation and adoption model that takes into account various stages of e-commerce adoption (interactive, non-interactive and stabilised) and covers technological, organisational and environmental factors. This was tested using data collected from manufacturing and service companies in Saudi Arabia (SA) to reveal inhibitors and catalysts for e-commerce adoption. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses new data from surveys from 202 companies and then uses exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling for analyses. Findings - This study shows that the new stage-oriented model (SOM) is valid and can reveal specific detailed nuances of e-commerce adoption within a particular setting. Surprising results show that SA is not so very different to developed western countries in respect to e-commerce adoption. However there are some important differences which are discussed in detail. Research limitations/implications - A new SOM for e-commerce adoption is provided which may be used by other IS adoption researchers. Practical implications - Managers responsible for the adoption of e-commerce in SA, the Middle East and beyond can learn from these findings to speed up adoption rates and make e-commerce more effective. Social implications - This work may help spread e-commerce use throughout SA, the Middle East and to other developing nations. Originality/value - The results add to the extremely limited number of empirical studies that has been conducted to investigate e-commerce adoption in the context of Arabic countries.

O som ao redor do baile: retomada e pós-retomada no cinema produzido em Pernambuco

This dissertation uncovers the path of Pernambuco’s independent cinema of the Retomada, of its production in the second half of the 1990s until mid 2012 when the sector manages to secure a funding edict (Funcultura) for its films and at the same time establishes a few symbolic mechanisms which contributed to the consolidation of a new cycle, the post-Retomada, namely: cinephilia and brodagem. Because it is a cinematography (pernambucana) outside the Rio-São Paulo axis, that is, outside the great center of the brazillian culture industry, the cinema produced in Pernambuco built a very specific modus operandi, in which a material basis, the consolidation of Funcultura, intercrossed with two symbolic practices feeding on each other, cinephilia and brodagem. In this regard, we seek not to establish the material perspective as the primary determination as opposed to the symbolic one. Futhermore, we followed the path of cinephilia in its direct commucation with the brodagem, and how both these logics pressured authorities to institute an incentive funding separated from other artforms in the state. From this point of view, we attempted to trace the trajectory of this cinematography in its external nuances, but also taking into account the internal nuances of its works of art (films). Following this, we created categories to define and distinguish the nuances of the Retomada and post-Retomada productions regarding ethical and aesthetical choices made by directors from both generations.

O som ao redor do baile: retomada e pós-retomada no cinema produzido em Pernambuco

This dissertation uncovers the path of Pernambuco’s independent cinema of the Retomada, of its production in the second half of the 1990s until mid 2012 when the sector manages to secure a funding edict (Funcultura) for its films and at the same time establishes a few symbolic mechanisms which contributed to the consolidation of a new cycle, the post-Retomada, namely: cinephilia and brodagem. Because it is a cinematography (pernambucana) outside the Rio-São Paulo axis, that is, outside the great center of the brazillian culture industry, the cinema produced in Pernambuco built a very specific modus operandi, in which a material basis, the consolidation of Funcultura, intercrossed with two symbolic practices feeding on each other, cinephilia and brodagem. In this regard, we seek not to establish the material perspective as the primary determination as opposed to the symbolic one. Futhermore, we followed the path of cinephilia in its direct commucation with the brodagem, and how both these logics pressured authorities to institute an incentive funding separated from other artforms in the state. From this point of view, we attempted to trace the trajectory of this cinematography in its external nuances, but also taking into account the internal nuances of its works of art (films). Following this, we created categories to define and distinguish the nuances of the Retomada and post-Retomada productions regarding ethical and aesthetical choices made by directors from both generations.

Dificuldades iniciais na aprendizagem da leitura/escrita e matemática: a eficácia da adoção de estratégias específicas para a atenuação dos primeiros sinais

O presente Relatório surge da realização do projeto de Mestrado em Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo-Motor e apresenta a investigação realizada com o objetivo de comparar os resultados da adoção de estratégias diferenciadas na resolução de fichas de trabalho específicas: apoiada por um docente de educação especial, em comparação com a realização autónoma, seguida de correção e feedback imediatos. Recorreu-se a um desenho quasi-experimental, com pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste, centrado numa diversidade de instrumentos e técnicas de recolha e análise dos dados (triangulação dedados/metodológica). Na fase de pré-teste participaram 60 alunos de três turmas do 1.º ano do 1.º CEB, que realizaram fichas de trabalho destinadas a avaliar competências específicas de Português e Matemática. Na fase de intervenção selecionaram-se os alunos de duas turmas – sendo a terceira o “grupo decontrolo” – que apresentaram os resultados mais baixos e procedeu-se à execução de um programa de intervenção baseado na realização de novas tarefas de resolução de exercícios segundo uma das metodologias referidas em cada grupo. Após a intervenção procedeu-se à aplicação de novos instrumentos de avaliação em todas as turmas/grupos para conhecer e comparar os níveis de desempenho dos alunos participantes (tendo como referência os seus pares na turma e o grupo de controlo).Os resultados obtidos evidenciam progressos consideráveis em cada um dos grupos experimentais, da fase de pré-teste para o pós-teste, o que aponta para a eficácia da intervenção realizada, quer por meio da resolução de fichas de trabalho de forma autónoma, seguida de feedback e correção, quer por meio do acompanhamento e apoio do docente de educação especial durante a realização das tarefas. O nível de progressão atingido foi mais acentuado nesta última modalidade. Por outro lado, os dois grupos experimentais reduziram as diferenças de desempenho em relação aos respetivos grupos de pares (restantes alunos da turma). O grupo que contou com apoio evidencia resultados mais próximos dos grupos de referência. A opinião dos docentes de cada uma das turmas também confirma uma melhoria nas aprendizagens dos alunos intervencionados.

Tracker : Applikationen som håller koll på din rörelse

Målet med det här arbetet har varit att ta fram en Androidapplikation som kan spåra användaren och ge information om hur användaren rört sig med tid, distans altitud och hastighet. Applikationen ska vara individuellt fungerande men det stora syftet är att den ska fungera som en av tre delar i en större applikation med fler funktioner för de som är ute i skogen och rör på sig. Då inte alla telefoner har en inbyggd stegräknare kommer en undersökning göras för att se vilken sensor som lämpar sig bäst för att räkna steg och sedan använda den i applikationen. Resultatet blev en fungerande applikation som spårar användaren med hjälp av GPS, räknar antalet steg med antingen den inbyggda stegräknaren eller med hjälp av gyroskopet som visade sig vara den mest lämpade sensorn att räkna steg med. Utöver det så presenteras information om tid, distans och vilken altitud användaren rört sig på. All information kan sparas och användaren kan scrolla i en lista med sparade rutter.

New developmental stages for common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) using mass and age variables obtained by K-means algorithm and self-organizing maps (SOM)

LEÃO, Adriano de Castro; DÓRIA NETO, Adrião Duarte; SOUSA, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de. New developmental stages for common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) using mass and age variables obtained by K-means algorithm and self-organizing maps (SOM). Computers in Biology and Medicine, v. 39, p. 853-859, 2009

Nationella prov som didaktiskt verktyg : En intervjustudie om lärares syfte och attityder till nationella prov i matematik för årskurs 3

Bedömningsforskningen har de senaste decennierna fokuserat allt mer på formativ bedömning, som ett verktyg för lärande, snarare än en summativ avstämning av elevers kunskaper och förmågor. 2016 skriver elever i årkurs 3 nationella prov i matematik under vårterminen. Skolverket har formulerat ett huvudsakligt syfte med proven och jag vill med detta självständiga arbete undersöka hur lärares syften stämmer överens med dessa och hur väl pedagogerna upplever att proven synliggör och stöttar eleverna mot måluppfyllelse. Arbetet syftar också till att undersöka lärares attityder till och arbetssätt med de nationella proven i matematik i årskurs 3 samt vilka för- och nackdelar lärarna upplever med proven. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer av fyra yrkesverksamma lärare inom både kommunala skolor och friskolor. Resultatet visade att dessa lärare uttryckte en överlag positiv attityd till de nationella proven. De angav att de genomförde proven delvis för att det var obligatoriskt men också för att synliggöra elevernas måluppfyllelse, detta i enighet med Skolverkets uttalade syfte. Lärarna angav att de aktivt arbetade med proven för att dessutom stötta eleverna mot vidare kunskapsutveckling samt för att utvärdera sin undervisning men upplevde att detta är upp till den enskilda läraren att genomföra. Två av lärarna ansåg att proven dessutom hjälpte till att konkretisera styrdokumenten. Lärarna uttryckte de nationella provens möjligheter till att synliggöra och nå måluppfyllelse samt att utvärdera och utveckla den egna undervisningen som fördelar. Den mest framträdande nackdelen var bland informanterna den tid som proven tar i anspråk, både i fråga om genomförande och bedömning.  Studien visade vidare att två av lärarna sambedömde proven inom arbetslaget och att samtliga medverkande tog stöd från specialpedagoger vid behov. 

Lärares ledarskap som möjliggörande och begränsande i mötet med ’alla’ barn : En deltagarorienterad studie

The aim of this thesis is to, based on teachers’ experiences, describe and analyse meanings of teachers’ leadership in general, and in relation to children in need of special support in particular. The study was carried out within the tradition of participatory-oriented research, a research circle. The dialogues in the circle were based on the participants’ questions, experiences, interests, and knowledge. The circle included a researcher and nine teachers from the following types of schools: preschool, preschool class, compulsory school, and compulsory school for pupils with learning disabilities. The study is based on an understanding of leadership as a relational practice. Leadership is practised in the interaction between teacher and child. Both parties exert influence over the practice of leadership. A central assumption in the study is that knowledge can develop through and in interactions between people, that knowledge and power are connected, and that knowledge and actions are intertwined. Another central assumption is that learning is a complex phenomenon. In the analysis of the research circle’s dialogues, the following meanings of teachers’ leadership emerge: to facilitate learning and discipline, and to promote different interests. The practice of leadership involves teachers handling complex situations in their interactions with ‘all’ children, i.e. children in need of special support and children without such needs. Leadership is practised between teachers and children, and the teachers have to consider the group of children as a collective in relation to the individual children. At the same time, the teachers have to consider their intentions versus what happens during the interactions. In addition, the teachers have to pay heed to the fact that their own actions and the children’s actions influence one another. Finally, the teachers have to consider the individual child’s ‘best interest’ in relation to the requirements of the policy documents. Furthermore, the results indicate that the practice of leadership is perceived as both unpredictable and, to some extent, predictable at the same time, which adds to the complexity of leadership. The teachers cannot know for sure what the children understand or if the children’s actions facilitate learning. However, the teachers can make certain assumptions about how to practice leadership in order to facilitate learning and discipline in children with different needs. The meanings of leadership were expressed in different ways in the circle’s dialogues; both as enabling and limiting in interactions with children in need of special support. One of the study’s conclusions is that leadership seems to be particularly complex in interactions with children in need of special support. The research circle’s dialogues served to promote a democratic knowledge process. The dialogues were characterised by respect for the participants’ different opinions; however, this does not mean that they were free from power structures.

Kan Naturunderstödd rehabilitering vara en väg till förändring? : Deltagares upplevelser av naturen som läkande kraft

2016-06-02