Colheita de cana-de-açúcar com auxílio mecânico

Civil society and sugarcane farmer demands indicate that harvesting technology has enough limitations to jeopardize production in large sugar cane producing areas. This work analyses the current mechanical harvesting compared to a semi-mechanical harvesting proposal, on the bases of eleven characteristics considered determinant for a quick spreading of green cane harvesting on hilly areas, with lower impact on agricultural labor and farmers investment capacity.

Intercompreensão de texto escrito por falantes nativos de português e de espanhol

The aim of this paper is to verify the level of text comprehension (reading and translation) in Portuguese, by native speakers of Spanish and vice-versa. The subjects are freshmen, from different fields (300 native speakers of Portuguese and 300 of Spanish), who have never studied the other language neither as a second (L2) nor as a foreign language (FL). The results show that, in each group of subjects, there is a high level of comprehension of the foreign language, which varies from 58% to 94%, depending on the context and on the lexical/semantic similarity (or difference) between the key-words in the texts used in this research.

Efeito cariostático de restaurações adesivas em superfícies radiculares: estudo in vitro

Dental materials that release fluoride have been shown to be effective in caries inhibition around restorations. Adhesive materials would also be effective in caries inhibition by sealing and protecting cavity margins from acidic demineralization. This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that composite restorations with a dentin adhesive system have a caries preventive effect similar to that of an adhesive material with fluoride - glass-ionomer cement - on root surfaces. Twenty roots from extracted sound third molars were embedded in polystyrene resin and ground flat. Standardized cavities were prepared in leveled root surfaces and randomly restored with (a) Chelon-Fil (Espe) or (b) Z100/SingleBond (3M). Baseline indentations were measured at 100, 200 and 300 mum from the occlusal margins of each restoration and the surface microhardness values were obtained using a Knoop diamond indenter. A 2.0 mm wide margin around the restorations was submitted to a pH-cycling model, at 37ºC. After that, surface microhardness was measured again, as it was before. The differences between baseline and final surface microhardness were considered for statistical analysis. The median values of differences were (a): -3.8; -0.3; -1.0; and (b): 3.3; 2.5; 1.7, for the distances of 100, 200 and 300 mum, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test did not show statistically significant difference between 100, 200 and 300 mum distances in each tested group. There was no difference between the studied materials at the distances of 200 and 300 mum. Chelon-Fil was statistically different from Z100/SingleBond, at 100 mum (p<0.05). Under the studied conditions, the glass-ionomer cement had a higher caries preventive effect than the composite/dentin adhesive restorations.

Estudo dos efeitos de temporada de treinamento físico sobre a Performance de uma equipe de handebol feminino sub-21

Handball is a sport that demands endurance associated with fast and powerful actions such as jumps, blocks, sprints and throws. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 38-week systematic physical training applied to a women's under 21 handball team on upper and lower limb power, 30m sprints speed and endurance. The periodization applied was an adaptation of the Verkhoshansky theory, and aimed at two performance peaks during the season with six data collections. The median and range values for three kg medicine ball throwing was: 2.98m (2.15-3.50); 2.84m (2.43-3.20); 2.90m (2.60-3.38); 3.10 (2.83-3.81); 2.84 (2.55-3.57) and 3.34 (2.93-3.83). Regarding the three-pass running test: 5.60m (4.93-6.58); 5.37m (5.04-6.38); 5.36m (4.93-6.12); 5.65m (4.80-6.78); 5.63m (5.00-6.40) and 5.83m (5.14-6.05). Regarding the 30-m sprint test: 5.8m/s (5.45-6.44); 6,64 m/s (6,24-7,09); 5.65m/s (5.17-5.95); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6.19 m/s (5.57-6.26) and 5.83 (5.14-6.05).Regarding the 30-m sprint endurance test until 10% decrease: 4 sprints (4-6); 5 sprints (4-9); 4,5 sprints (4-16); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6 sprints (4-12) and 5 sprints (4-5). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in three kg medicine ball throwing and three-pass running tests at least in one of the performance peak planned, with no significant differences in 30-m sprint speed or endurance tests. The applied physical training was efficient at improving the specific physical fitness in the performance peaks, as well as giving support for better physical training adjustment for the upcoming season.

Influência da idade no comportamento da frequência cardíaca na transição repouso-exercício: uma análise por deltas e regressão linear

BACKGROUND: Changes in heart rate during rest-exercise transition can be characterized by the application of mathematical calculations, such as deltas 0-10 and 0-30 seconds to infer on the parasympathetic nervous system and linear regression and delta applied to data range from 60 to 240 seconds to infer on the sympathetic nervous system. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that young and middle-aged subjects have different heart rate responses in exercise of moderate and intense intensity, with different mathematical calculations. METHODS: Seven middle-aged men and ten young men apparently healthy were subject to constant load tests (intense and moderate) in cycle ergometer. The heart rate data were submitted to analysis of deltas (0-10, 0-30 and 60-240 seconds) and simple linear regression (60-240 seconds). The parameters obtained from simple linear regression analysis were: intercept and slope angle. We used the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the distribution of data and the t test for unpaired comparisons between groups. The level of statistical significance was 5%. RESULTS: The value of the intercept and delta 0-10 seconds was lower in middle age in two loads tested and the inclination angle was lower in moderate exercise in middle age. CONCLUSION: The young subjects present greater magnitude of vagal withdrawal in the initial stage of the HR response during constant load exercise and higher speed of adjustment of sympathetic response in moderate exercise.

Antioxidative responses of cell suspension cultures of two Coffea arabica varieties to low aluminum levels at pH 5.8

The effects of aluminum (Al) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ferritin expression were studied in cell suspension cultures of two varieties of Coffea arabica, Mundo Novo and Icatu, in medium with pH at 5.8. The cells were incubated with 300 µM Al3+, and the Al speciation as Al3+ was 1.45% of the mole fraction. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased in Mundo Novo, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities remained unchanged. SOD, GR, and GST activities were increased in Icatu, while CAT activity was not changed, and GPOX activity decreased. The expression of two ferritin genes (CaFer1 and CaFer2) were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Al caused a downregulation of CaFER1 expression and no changes of CaFER2 expression in both varieties. The Western blot showed no alteration in ferritin protein levels in Mundo Novo and a decrease in Icatu. The differential enzymes responses indicate that the response to Al is variety-dependent.

Torque articular e ativação dos musculos biceps femoral e semi-tendineo durante movimentos isocineticos de flexão do joelho em atletas de futebol

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Efeito das sessões de familiarização sobre o pico de torque e taxa de desenvolvimento de torque : comparações entre jovens, meia idade e idosos = Effect of familiarization sessions on peak torque and rate of torque development : comparisons among young, middle age and elderly

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física

Aspectos epidemiológicos da fluorose dentária no Brasil: pesquisas no período 1993-2006

A epidemiologia da fluorose dentária resulta de inquéritos realizados recentemente, em decorrência da melhor compreensão de aspectos metabólicos dos fluoretos no organismo humano e de preocupações no âmbito da saúde coletiva. Objetiva-se apresentar os estudos realizados sobre a fluorose entre 1993 e 2006. O período 1993-2004 demarca o intervalo entre a 2ªe a 3ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde Bucal. Em 2005-2006, a busca de dados primários apresentados em reuniões científicas confirmou os achados existentes na literatura, mostrando que a agenda científica brasileira não foi substancialmente influenciada pelas discussões travadas durante a 3ª Conferência. A maioria dos estudos concentra-se em áreas urbanas e a predominância no Brasil dos graus "muito leve" e "leve" de fluorose mostra não haver comprometimentos de ordem funcional. A baixa percepção da fluorose pela população, aliada à sua baixa prevalência, evoca o necessário debate sobre as questões de saúde coletiva no país. Visto que a produção científica nacional constitui uma importante fonte de conhecimentos para subsidiar a elaboração de políticas públicas para o setor da saúde, os sucessivos e pontuais estudos analisados mostram que, no que diz respeito à fluorose, o diagnóstico epidemiológico reafirma a necessidade, a importância e a segurança da fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público como medida de saúde coletiva.

In vitro wear resistance of three types of polymethyl methacrylate denture teeth

The wear resistance of denture teeth is important to the longevity of removable prostheses of edentulous patients. The ability of denture teeth to maintain a stable occlusal relationship over time may be influenced by this property. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture teeth based on their chemical composition when opposed by a ceramic antagonist. The maxillary canines (n=10) of 3 PMMA denture teeth (Trubyte Biotone, cross-linked PMMA; Trilux, highly cross-linked IPN (interpenetrating polymer network)-PMMA; and Vivodent, highly cross-linked PMMA) were secured in an in vitro 2-body wear-testing apparatus that produced sliding contact of the specimens (4.5 cycles/s, sliding distance of 20 mm, under 37°C running water) against glazed or airborne particle abraded ceramic. Wear resistance was measured as height loss (mm) under 300 g (sliding force) after 100,000 cycles, using a digital measuring microscope. Mean values were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). The wear of Trubyte Biotone (0.93 ± 0.14 mm) was significantly higher than that of both other types of teeth tested against abraded ceramic (p<0.05). The Vivodent tooth (0.64 ± 0.17 mm) exhibited the best wear resistance among the denture teeth tested against airborne particle abraded ceramic. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in wear among the 3 denture teeth evaluated against glazed ceramic. Trilux and Vivodent teeth tested against either glazed or airborne particle abraded ceramic did not differ significantly from each other (p<0.05). All teeth showed significantly more wear against airborne particle abraded ceramic than against glazed ceramic (p<0.05). In conclusion, the three types of PMMA denture teeth presented significantly different wear resistance against the abraded ceramic. The high-strength PMMA denture teeth were more wear-resistant than the conventional PMMA denture tooth.

Lipoidoproteinose

OBJETIVO: Apresentar as características clínicas, tratamento cirúrgico e achado histológico de um caso de lipoidoproteinose. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Criança do sexo masculino, cinco anos de idade, branco, que procurou atendimento odontológico na Universidade. A mãe da criança relatou presença de intensa halitose e dificuldade na alimentação e higienização bucal, decorrentes de crescimento gengival generalizado nos arcos dentários superior e inferior. No exame clínico, verificaram-se comprometimento funcional e estético generalizado (rouquidão, artralgia bilateral no joelho e tornozelo, lesões tumorais nas orelhas, entre outros), além de extensa hiperplasia gengival em ambos os arcos dentários. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, com remoção do tecido hiperplásico e exodontia de todos os dentes decíduos e de dois permanentes. O exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica confirmou o diagnóstico de lipoidoproteinose. COMENTÁRIOS: A lipoidoproteinose é uma doença rara caracterizada pela deposição da substância hialina na pele, membranas mucosas e nos órgãos internos. Os sinais que podem surgir após o nascimento, são: rouquidão; lesões pápulo-nodulares na cabeça, pescoço e membros; lesões papulares amareladas nas margens das pálpebras. O curso desta doença é benigno e crônico.

Quantitative radiographic evaluation of periapical bone resorption in dog's teeth contaminated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS) associated or not with calcium hydroxide

The aim of this study was to quantify radiographically the periapical bone resorption in dogs' teeth contaminated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS), associated or not with calcium hydroxide. After pulp tissue removal, 60 premolars were randomly assigned to 4 groups and were either filled with LPS (group 1), filled with LPS plus calcium hydroxide (group 2) or filled with saline (group 3) for a period of 30 days. In group 4, periapical lesion formation was induced with no canal treatment. Standardized radiographs were taken at the beginning of the treatment and after 30 days and the Image J Program was used for measurement of periapical lesion size. Periapical lesions were observed in groups 1 (average of 8.44 mm2) and 4 (average of 3.02 mm2). The lamina dura was intact and there were no areas of periapical bone resorption in groups 2 and 3. It may be concluded that calcium hydroxide was effective in inactivating LPS, as demonstrated by the absence of apical periodontitis in the roots that were filled with bacterial endotoxin plus calcium hydroxide.

Effect of nitric oxide inhibitor and donor substances on the infammatory process caused by endodontic irrigants

Nitric oxide (NO) has been considered a key molecule in infammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with L-NAME and sodium nitroprussiate, substances that inhibit and release NO, respectively, on tissue tolerance to endodontic irrigants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The vital dye exudation method was used in a rat subcutaneous tissue model. Injections of 2% Evans blue were administered intravenously into the dorsal penial vein of 14 male rats (200-300 g). The NO inhibitor and donor substances were injected into the subcutaneous tissue in the dorsal region, forming two groups of animals: G1 was inoculated with L-NAME and G2 with sodium nitroprussiate. Both groups received injections of the test endodontic irrigants: acetic acid, 15% citric acid, 17% EDTA-T and saline (control). After 30 min, analysis of the extravasated dye was performed by light absorption spectrophotometry (620 nm). RESULTS: There was statistically signifcant difference (p<0.05) between groups 1 and 2 for all irrigants. L-NAME produced a less intense infammatory reaction and nitroprussiate intensifed this process. CONCLUSIONS: Independently of the administration of NO inhibitors and donors, EDTA-T produced the highest irritating potential in vital tissue among the tested irrigating solutions.

Vitaminas D e C para poedeiras na fase inicial de produção de ovos

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de duas fontes de vitamina D e três níveis de vitamina C sobre as características de desempenho, a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos, os níveis de cálcio total e iônico séricos e a resistência óssea de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 288 galinhas da linhagem ISA Babcock B300® com 23 semanas de idade, durante um período experimental de 12 semanas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3, com os fatores: fontes de vitamina D (colecalciferol e 25-hidroxicolecalciferol - 25(OH)D3) e de vitamina C (0, 100 e 200 ppm), totalizando seis tratamentos com oito repetições de seis aves. O nível basal de colecalciferol foi de 2.756 UI/kg, correspondendo a 5,51 g do produto comercial Hy.D®/t de ração, como fonte de 25(OH)D3. Os fatores estudados não influenciaram o consumo de ração, a produção, o peso e a massa de ovos. Observou-se efeito da interação de fontes de vitamina sobre a conversão alimentar, que foi melhor quando utilizado metabólito 25(OH)D3 na ausência de vitamina C. Interações foram observadas para porcentagem de albúmen e porcentagem de gema, que aumentaram na presença de 200 ppm de vitamina C. O peso específico dos ovos, as concentrações de cálcio sérico, cinzas ósseas e a resistência à quebra não foram influenciadas pelas fontes de vitamina D e C. Houve interação para porcentagem e espessura de casca, cujos maiores valores foram obtidos com a suplementação de vitamina C na presença de 25(OH)D3. Em poedeiras na fase inicial de produção, a conversão alimentar é melhor com a utilização do 25(OH)D3 e a espessura e porcentagem de casca também melhoram com a utilização de 25(OH)D3 e a suplementação de vitamina C nas dietas (100 ou 200 ppm, respectivamente).

Efeitos da administração de monensina por meio de cápsulas de liberação controlada no desempenho de vacas Holandesas no início da lactação

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da monensina sobre a produção e composição de leite, a contagem de células somáticas, a condição corporal e os parâmetros sangüíneos e reprodutivos de vacas da raça Holandesa de alta produção no início de lactação, foram utilizadas 44 vacas com produção diária de 33,44 ± 4,93 litros de leite, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos: um controle (C) e outro com cápsulas de liberação controlada de monensina com eficácia de 100 dias (300 mg/vaca/dia). A administração individual de monensina foi realizada 30 dias antes da data provável do parto. A monensina não alterou a produção, a composição do leite e a contagem de células somáticas do leite nem a condição corporal e a concentração de glicose e BHBA (beta-hidroxibutirato) no soro das vacas, no entanto, diminuiu a concentração de AGNE (ácidos graxos não-esterificados) no soro das vacas com 60 dias de lactação. O período de serviço e o número de serviços por concepção não diferiram entre os tratamentos, porém, a administração de monensina diminuiu o número de animais que apresentaram retenção de placenta e laminite. A administração de monensina para vacas Holandesas de alta produção no início de lactação não modifica a produção e a composição do leite, contudo, diminui a concentração de AGNE 60 dias após o parto e a incidência de laminite e retenção de placenta nas vacas no pós-parto.