(Table 1) Geochemistry of the ETM-2 section from IODP Hole 302-M0004A

During the early Eocene, a series of short-term global warming events ("hyperthermals") occurred in response to the rapid release of carbon into the oceans and atmosphere. In order to investigate the response of ocean redox to global warming, we have determined the molybdenum isotope compositions (d98/95Mo) of samples spanning one such hyperthermal (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2, 54.1 Ma)), from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302 Site M0004A in the Arctic Ocean. The highest d98/95Mo in our sample set (2.00 ± 0.11 per mil) corresponds to the development of local euxinia at Site M0004A during the peak of ETM-2, which we interpret as recording the global seawater d98/95Mo at that time. The ETM-2 seawater d98/95Mo is indistinguishable from a recent estimate of seawater d98/95Mo from an earlier hyperthermal (Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 55.9 Ma), d98/95Mo = 2.08 ± 0.11 per mil). We argue that the similarity in seawater d98/95Mo during ETM-2 and the PETM was caused by the development of transient euxinia in the Arctic Ocean during each hyperthermal that allowed sediments accumulating in this basin to capture the long-term d98/95Mo of early Eocene seawater. Our new data therefore place a minimum constraint on the magnitude of transient global seafloor deoxygenation during early Eocene hyperthermals.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from DSDP Site 33, Leg 5 (Core 5-33-2)

The proposed location of Site 33 was over north-south Magnetic Anomaly 10 (Pittman-Heirtzler, 32 million years) in order (a) to provide a basis for comparison of the age of the basal sediments with the age based on the magnetic anomaly, (b) to provide a basis for evaluation of relative movement along the Pioneer and Mendocino Fracture Zones, and (c) by being paired with Site 34, to provide comparison of basement materials for adjacent positive and negative magnetic anomalies.

DNA damage induced by low energy electrons (LEEs)

Abstract : The major objective of our study is to investigate DNA damage induced by soft X-rays (1.5 keV) and low-energy electrons (˂ 30 eV) using a novel irradiation system created by Prof. Sanche’s group. Thin films of double-stranded DNA are deposited on either glass and tantalum substrates and irradiated under standard temperature and pressure surrounded by a N[subscript 2] environment. Base release (cytosine, thymine, adenine and guanine) and base modifications (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro -2’-deoxyguanosine, 5-hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxyuridine, 5-formyl-2’-deoxyuridine, 5,6-dihydrothymidine and 5,6-dihydro-2’-deoxy uridine) are analyzed and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Our results reveal larger damage yields in the sample deposited on tantalum than those on glass. This can be explained by an enhancement of damage due to low-energy electrons, which are emitted from the metal substrate. From a comparison of the yield of products, base release is the major type of damage especially for purine bases, which are 3-fold greater than base modifications. A proposed pathway leading to base release involves the formation of a transient negative ion (TNI) followed by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) at the N-g lycosidic bond. On the other hand, base modification products consist of two major types of chemical modifications, which include thymine methyl oxidation products that likely arises from DEA from the methyl group of thymine, and 5,6-dihydropyrimidine that can involve the initial addition of electrons, H atoms, or hydride ions to the 5,6-pyrimidine double bond.

Multicomponent biginelli's synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones promoted by SnCl2.2H2O

The ability of SnCl2.2H2O as catalyst to promote the Biginelli three-component condensation reaction from a diversity of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea or thiourea is described. The reaction was carried out in acetonitrile or ethanol as solvents in neutral media and represents an improvement of the classical Biginelli protocol and an advantage in comparison with FeCl3.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O and CoCl2.6H2O which were used with HCl as co-catalyst. The synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones was achieved in good to excelent yields.

Multicomponent Biginelli’s Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Promoted by SnCl2.2H2O

The ability of SnCl2.2H2O as catalyst to promote the Biginelli three-component condensation reaction from a diversity of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea or thiourea is described. The reaction was carried out in acetonitrile or ethanol as solvents in neutral media and represents an improvement of the classical Biginelli protocol and an advantage in comparison with FeCl3.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O and CoCl2.6H2O which were used with HCl as co-catalyst. The synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidinones was achieved in good to excelent yields.

Sensibilidad antimicrobiana de urocultivos en pacientes de 1 mes a 5 años de edad, con infección de vías urinarias, atendidos en la unidad de emergencia del Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, durante el periodo de Enero a Diciembre de 2012

Las infecciones de vías urinarias es un problema frecuente en la edad pediátrica, con una prevalencia de 2 al 5%. El diagnóstico de certeza es importante para la administración del tratamiento adecuado, el cual debe de ser eficaz para evitar un alto riesgo de desarrollo de cicatrices renales en niños con pielonefritis, con posibilidad en el adulto de hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia renal crónica. El tratamiento etiológico precisa el empleo de antibióticos, inicialmente de forma empírica atendiendo la etiología más probable, el patrón de sensibilidad y resistencias antimicrobianas, con posibles variaciones locales. Objetivo: identificar el patrón de sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiana de las bacterias aisladas en los pacientes de 1 mes a 5 años de edad, con infección de vías urinarias atendidos en la unidad de emergencia del Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, durante el período de Enero a Diciembre 2012. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte retrospectivo, con una población que incluyó los niños de 1 mes a 5 años, con diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias, atendidos en la unidad de emergencia del Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, durante el periodo comprendido de Enero a Diciembre 2012. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de la revisión de expedientes clínicos. Se realizó el análisis de información y determinación de resultados por medio del programa Excel. Dicho trabajo fue sometido a una evaluación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación clínica, siendo aprobado y autorizando su realización. Resultados: el agente etiológico más frecuente fue E. coli, con un patrón de sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiano definido con una sensibilidad a amikacina, meropenem, ceftriaxona, nitrofurantoina y cefepime, y una resistencia a ampicilina, TMP SMX y la gentamicina. El tratamiento empírico recomendado en base al agente etiológico más frecuente aislado y su patrón de sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiano, es la CEFTRIAXONA.

An electroanalytical application of 2-aminothiazole-modified silica gel after adsorption and separation of Hg(II) from heavy metals in aqueous solution

2-Aminothiazole covalently attached to a silica gel surface was prepared in order to obtain an adsorbent for Hg(II) ions having the following characteristics: good sorption capacity, chemical stability under conditions of use, and, especially, high selectivity. The accumulation voltammetry of mercury(II) was investigated at a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with silica gel functionalized with 2-aminothiazole (SIAMT-CPE). The repetitive cyclic voltammogram of mercury(II) solution in the potential range -0.2 to + 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl (0.02 mol L-1 KNO3; V = 20 mV s(-1)) show two peaks one at about 0.1 V and other at 0.205 V. The anodic wave peak at 0.205 V is well defined and does not change during the cycles and it was therefore further investigated for analytical purposes using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in differents supporting electrolytes. The mercury response was evaluated with respect to pH, electrode composition, preconcentration time, mercury concentration, cleaning solution, possible interferences and other variables. The precision for six determinations (n = 6) of 0.02 and 0.20 mg L-1 Hg(II) was 4.1 and 3.5% (relative standard deviation), respectively. The detection limit was estimated as 0.10 mu g L-1 mercury(II) by means of 3:1 current-to-noise ratio in connection with the optimization of the various parameters involved and using the highest-possible analyser sensitivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Larned A. Waterman Iowa Nonprofit Resource Center e-Newsletter, Spring 2009, Vol. 5, no.2

The Larned A. Waterman Iowa Nonprofit Resource Center is a University of Iowa interdisciplinary collaboration created to make more accessible educational and service programs focused on strengthening the operational capacity of Iowa nonprofit organizations. The Center works collaboratively with government agencies, nonprofit organizations and educational institutions to impart new knowledge through activities and provide information and training resources to help nonprofit organizations and interested persons throughout Iowa. We seek to build the capacity and develop the effectiveness of community-based organizations and enhance the overall effectiveness of local organizations in building communities.

Intervenir auprès des parents : effets sur la pratique d'activités physiques et les habiletés motrices d'enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans

Un enfant qui développe ses habiletés motrices par le biais d'une pratique d'activités physiques régulière améliore sa santé en général, mais aussi ses chances de maintenir de saines habitudes de vie à l’âge adulte. L’acquisition des habiletés motrices par l’enfant contribue non seulement à son développement physique et moteur, mais aussi cognitif, affectif et social. L’environnement dans lequel l’enfant évolue est un facteur d’une grande influence face à sa pratique de l’activité physique et au développement de ses habiletés motrices. À cet égard, l’environnement familial et le modèle parental sont des vecteurs motivationnels majeurs face à l’attitude que l’enfant adoptera quant à sa pratique d’activités physiques au quotidien. À ce jour, peu d’études ont évalué les effets d’interventions menées auprès des parents visant à favoriser la pratique d’activités physiques et le développement des habiletés motrices. Le but du présent projet de recherche consistait à évaluer les effets d’une intervention menée auprès des parents visant à augmenter la pratique d’activités physiques et le degré d’habiletés motrices chez des enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans fréquentant un milieu de garde. Nous voulions aussi déterminer si la perception des parents avait changé face à l’importance de l’activité physique et du développement des habiletés motrices chez leur enfant. À cette fin, nous avons procédé à une étude quasi expérimentale en étudiant le comportement de 37 enfants provenant de trois milieux de garde de la région de Coaticook en Estrie. Les données ont été recueillies par le biais d’un calendrier d’activité physique et d’un questionnaire pré et post intervention. Les résultats de ce projet de recherche montrent que les enfants d’âge préscolaire Coaticokois font en moyenne 28 minutes d’activités physiques par jour lorsqu’ils se retrouvent à la maison auprès de leurs parents. De plus, seulement 31 % des activités physiques et motrices effectuées par les enfants ont été vécues en présence de leurs parents. Les résultats de ce projet de recherche indiquent également un effet temps et un effet groupe non significatifs avec des enfants n’ayant pas démontré des signes de progression face au développement de leurs habiletés motrices. Par contre, les enfants du groupe intervention ayant reçu un calendrier avec des suggestions d’activités physiques et motrices ont expérimenté plus d’activités de manipulation d’objets que les enfants du groupe contrôle n’ayant pas eu cette opportunité. Les parents du groupe intervention ont notamment mentionné avoir été influencés par la présence d’un calendrier avec des activités physiques et motrices suggérées, ce qui reflète bien les résultats précédemment indiqués. En comparant nos résultats avec les recommandations de 120 minutes par jour d’activités physiques du National Association for Sport and Physical Education, NASPE (2009) et celles de la Société Canadienne de Physiologie de l’Exercice, SCPE (2012) qui suggère 180 minutes d’activités physiques par jour, et ce, peu importe l’intensité déployée par l’enfant, on peut conclure que les enfants de ce projet de recherche n’atteignent pas ces recommandations. Nous demeurons convaincus du bien-fondé d’une intervention menée auprès des parents afin d’améliorer la pratique d’activités physiques des enfants d’âge préscolaire, notamment si une collaboration plus étroite est effectuée avec ces derniers. Cependant, de nombreuses autres études sur le sujet seront nécessaires pour constater quel type d’intervention est le plus efficace afin de favoriser la pratique d’activités physiques et d’améliorer le degré d’habiletés motrices chez des enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans.

Design, Synthesis and Bioassays of 3-substituted-3-hydroxyoxindoles for cholinesterase inhibition

Based on the positive bioassay results of the known oxindole hit compound rac-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylindolin-2-one which showed significant inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (IC50=7.41 μM), a library of 31 analogues of 3-substituted-3-hydroxyoxindoles was synthesized and screened for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE activity. Our bioassays revealed that some of the new compounds exhibited moderate inhibition of eel AChE (EeAChE) and very good inhibition of equine serum BuChE (EqBuChE) with a best IC50 of 1.02 μM. On the basis of these results, the lead compound 1-((1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylindolin-2-one was designed, which was shown to interact well with the enzymes active sites by molecular docking, was synthesized and upon bioassay gave an IC50 of 6.61 μM for BuChE. Interestingly, when we separated rac-benzyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylindolin-2-one into the individual enantiomers (R)- and (S)-benzyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylindolin-2-one it was the latter enantiomer that gave the best IC50 of 6.19 μM for BuChE.

Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica: módulo transversal 1: unidade 3: avaliação em saúde e avaliação da assistência farmacêutica - parte 1

Esta unidade trata da avaliação, pois não há como fazer gestão sem avaliar se o resultado está sendo alcançado. Inicialmente apresenta-se o primeiro conceito para o termo “Avaliar” e suas variações. Não há uma definição única para avaliação, pois o termo “avaliação”, para ganhar significado, necessita estar acompanhado de outros termos que informem sobre o objeto e o sujeito da avaliação, além dos seus propósitos, objetivos e modos de proceder. A Unidade aborda a avaliação em saúde na lição 2, afim de fazer com que o aluno consiga relacionar os principais conceitos de avaliação em saúde. Para tanto, apresenta os termos da avaliação dos resultados (eficácia, eficiência e efetividade). Na lição 3, são fornecidas informações para que o aluno consiga classificar e diferenciar as diferentes tipologias de avaliação. Apresenta o modelo de Donabedian, considerado como sendo um dos mais empregados para avaliação da qualidade em saúde, principalmente referente aos cuidados médicos, além de retomar o conceito de Imagem-objetivo, proposto por Matus.

Influence of ferrule preparation with or without glass fiber post on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of ferrule preparation (Fp) on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, restored with composite resin cores with or without glass fiber posts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four bovine teeth were sectioned 19 or 17 mm (2 mm ferrule) from the apex, endodontically treated and assigned to four groups (n = 11): Group 1: Fp and post; Group 2: Fp and without post; Group 3: without Fp and with post; Group 4: without Fp and without post. All specimens were restored with composite resin core and metal crown. Specimens were subjected to fracture resistance testing in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The mean fracture resistance values were as follows: Group 1: 573.3 N; Group 2: 552.5 N; Group 3: 275.3 N; Group 4: 258.6 N. Significantly higher fracture resistance was found for the groups with Fp (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant interaction between the "Fp" and "post" factors (p = 0.954). The ferrule preparation increased the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. However, the use of glass fiber post showed no significant influence on the fracture resistance.