999 resultados para Ácidos graxos Ômega-6
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Introdução e Objetivos: Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado um aumento na procura de sementes oleaginosas, sobretudo de girassol, sésamo, linhaça e pevides de abóbora, porque o seu consumo está associado a efeitos benéficos para a saúde. Recentemente, surgiram no mercado "novas" sementes que agora fazem parte da nossa alimentação, como por exemplo, as sementes de chia e de papoila. Normalmente, este tipo de produtos são adicionados a outros alimentos como batidos, iogurtes, sumos de fruta, ou são usados como ingredientes na produção de produtos de padaria e/ou pastelaria. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil de ácidos gordos de diferentes tipos de sementes que estão frequentemente disponíveis no mercado Português. Material e Métodos: Foram adquiridas em 2015, nas superfícies comerciais e ervanárias da região de Lisboa, oito tipos de sementes. Determinou-se o perfil de ácidos gordos por cromatografia gasosa das seguintes amostras: Papoila (Papaver somniferum L.), chia (Salvia hispanica), alpista (Phalaris canariensis L.), cânhamo (Cannabis sativa L.), abóbora (Cucurbita L.), girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), sésamo (Sesamum indicum L.) e linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.). Resultados e Discussão: Verificou-se que para as sementes de linhaça e chia o principal ácido gordo foi o ácido alfa-linolénico (C18:3, n3), com valores que variaram entre 45,9% e 64,4% do total de ácidos gordos, para sementes de linhaça e sementes de chia, respetivamente. Para as restantes amostras o principal ácido gordo foi o ácido linoleico (C18:2, n6). As sementes de papoila apresentaram o maior teor de ácido linoleico (71,6% do total de ácidos gordos), e as sementes de sésamo apresentaram o teor mais elevado de ácido oleico (39,6% do total de ácidos gordos). Conclusões: Todas as sementes analisadas apresentam um perfil de ácidos gordos saudável, sendo estes sobretudo ácidos gordos insaturados relacionados com efeitos benéficos na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. Este estudo fornece novos dados sobre o perfil de ácidos gordos de sementes oleaginosas amplamente disponíveis, que poderão ser úteis para avaliar o padrão alimentar da população Portuguesa, mas também para o desenvolvimento de futuras recomendações e orientações alimentares.
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Antecedentes y Objetivos. La creciente complejidad de la Especialidad de Cirugía Plástica, ha inducido a su ramificación en varias subespecialidades. Una de las limitantes de la Cirugía Plástica ha sido la obesidad, enfermedad que conlleva complicaciones, aumenta el riesgo de inconvenientes y hace insuficiente el resultado proyectado para la estética y la función. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar la importancia de la evaluación de la inflamación celular en la preparación de pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva, previamente tratados con dieta con carbohidratos de baja carga glicémica, ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6 y antioxidantes. Material y Método. Realizamos un estudio longitudinal prospectivo cuasi-experimental no aleatorio de 23 pacientes que solicitaron intervenciones de Cirugía Plástica y aceptaron entrar en el protocolo de diagnóstico y tratamiento de inflamación celular. Primero realizamos el cuestionario de Reporte de Inflamación Celular "RIS" y tomamos a los pacientes pruebas de inflamación celular y de ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA), ácido decosaexaenóico (DHA), acido araquidónico (AA) y ácido dihomogamalinoléico (DGLA) al ingreso y antes de la cirugía. Analizamos los datos con estadística descriptiva y comparamos los rangos con la prueba McNemar y de hipótesis t de student, del sistema SPSS. Resultados. Tras aplicar el RIS a los 23 pacientes antes de la preparación con dieta y tras un periodo de 1 a 3 meses, evaluamos las respuestas de cada uno de los cuestionarios a través de las pruebas no paramétricas, encontrando diferencia significativa en los 14 items. Se mejoró considerablemente a la alza el EPA; el DHA y el AA sin cambios significativos; y el DGLA disminuyó considerablemente. Con t de student encontramos variación significativa en los fosfolípidos del plasma y no hubo diferencia significativa entre los DHA y AA. Conclusiones. Demostramos así la efectividad de la dieta de los omegas, que contribuye a la disminución de la sintomatología inicial de los pacientes.
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The addition of active silica potentially improves the quality of concrete due to its high reactivity and pore refinement effect. The reactivity of silica is likely related to its charge density. Variations in surface charge alter the reactivity of the material consequently affecting the properties of concrete. The present study aimed at investigating variations in the charge density of silica as a function of acid treatments using nitric or phosphoric acid and different pH values (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0). Effects on concrete properties including slump, mechanical strength, permeability and chloride corrosion were evaluated. To that end, a statistical analysis was carried out and empirical models that correlate studied parameters (pH, acid and cement) with concrete properties were established. The quality of the models was tested by variance analysis. The results revealed that the addition of silica was efficiency in improving the properties of concrete, especially the electrochemical parameters. The addition of silica treated using nitric acid at pH = 4.0 displayed the best cement performance including highest strength, reduced permeability and lowest corrosion current
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Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de fontes fosfatadas, ácidos húmicos e fungos solubilizadores de fosfato em trigo cultivado em solo de Cerrado. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 7 tratamentos: 1) ácidos húmicos (30 kg ha-1); 2) ácidos húmicos + fosfato de Arad (800 kg ha-1); 3) ácidos húmicos + pó de basalto (526 kg ha-1); 4) fosfato de Arad; 5) pó de basalto; 6) FSF (108 UFC mL-1), 7) testemunha e 4 repetições. As espécies de fungo usadas foram: um isolado de Penicillium sp e um de Aspergillus sp. A combinação de fosfato de Arad e ácidos húmicos incrementou o desenvolvimento de trigo. A inoculação de FSF não se mostrou efetiva para beneficiar o desenvolvimento de trigo.
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A importância da matéria orgânica do solo nos estudos de pedologia e em especial na classificação de solos pode ser constatada pela utilização de atributos como os teores de carbono orgânico e grau de decomposição da matéria orgânica a partir do teor de fibras. Alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos recentemente no Brasil com substâncias húmicas em solos buscaram estabelecer padrões que poderiam ser utilizados na separação de horizontes (atributo diagnóstico), classificação dos horizontes ou mesmo relações com propriedades edáficas que conotam fertilidade dos solos. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: caracterizar diferentes horizontes diagnósticos de solos por meio das substâncias húmicas e dos ácidos húmicos; e propor o uso de atributos relacionados às substâncias húmicas na categorização dos níveis hierárquicos inferiores (família e série) do SiBCS. Foram utilizados materiais de solo de 169 horizontes diagnósticos, sendo: 13 O hístico, 30 H hístico, 42 chernozêmico, 39 A húmico, 45 B espódico. Foram avaliadas as propriedades químicas: COT, pH, SB, H+, Al3+, CTC e V%; propriedades físicas: areia, silte e argila; fracionamento quantitativo das substâncias húmicas: fração ácidos fúlvicos (C-FAF), fração ácidos húmicos (C-FAH) e fração humina (C-HUM), relações C-FAH/C-FAF, C-EA/C-HUM e C-EA/COT (C-EA = C-FAF + C-FAH) e a %FAF, %FAH, %HUM, % EA. Em ácidos húmicos (AH) purificados foram realizadas análises espectroscópicas na região do visível e infravermelho, composição elementar e termogravimétrica; além de, no extrato alcalino (EA) análise espectroscópica na região do visível. O fracionamento quantitativo das substâncias húmicas apresentou distribuições diferenciadas entre os tipos de horizontes diagnósticos de solos, destacando-se no O hístico e H hístico o predomínio da humina com média de 53% e 39%, respectivamente, seguido dos ácidos húmicos e ainda para o último, altos valores da relação C-FAH/C-FAF (média de 5,6). No A chernozêmico observou-se o predomínio absoluto da humina com média de 71% e baixos valores da relação C-EA/C-HUM (média de 0,2) enquanto no A húmico houve predomínio da humina (média de 47%), seguida dos ácidos húmicos. No B espódico o predomínio dos ácidos fúlvicos e húmicos com média de 30% e 44%, respectivamente, e altos valores da relação C-FAH/C-FAF com média de 9,9 (maioria superiores 1,0) e C-EA/C-HUM com média de 16,5 (maioria superiores 2,0). Pela avaliação das variáveis relacionadas à espectroscopia do visível e infravermelho, composição elementar e termogravimetria dos AH, e na região do visível para o EA, observou-se características semelhantes e ausência de padrão diferencial independente da gênese dos solos. Com base na distribuição das substâncias húmicas foram feitas as seguintes propostas de características diferenciais no SiBCS: Matéria Orgânica Estável (horizontes minerais superficiais) - C-EA/C-HUM ? 0,5, Matéria Orgânica Iluvial (horizontes minerais subsuperficiais) - C-EA/C-HUM ? 2,0 e, Potencial de Lixiviação (sistema ou solo) - C-FAH/C-FAF e C-EA/C-HUM ? 1,0. O estabelecimento de classes com os valores das substâncias húmicas também foi eficiente para individualizar grupos pela comparação das propriedades químicas, o que valida a proposta de utilização dessas variáveis para a classificação desses horizontes nos níveis de família ou série e podem contribuir para a estruturação do SiBCS nos níveis hierárquicos inferiores (5º e 6º).
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Bariatric surgery is considered an effective method for sustained weight loss, but may cause various nutritional complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of minerals and vitamins, food consumption, and to monitor physiologic parameters in patients with obesity before and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Thirty-six patients who had undergone RYGB were prospectively evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. At each phase their weight, height, body mass index (BMI), Electro Sensor Complex (ES Complex) data, food consumption, and total protein serum levels, albumin, prealbumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), zinc (Zn), B12 vitamin (VitB12), iron (Fe), ferritin, copper (Cu), ionic calcium (CaI), magnesium (Mg), and folic acid were assessed. The mean weight loss from baseline to 6 months after surgery was 35.34±4.82%. Markers of autonomic nervous system balance (P<.01), stiffness index (P<.01), standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN) (P<.01), and insulin resistance (P<.001) were also improved. With regard to the micronutrients measured, 34 patients demonstrated some kind of deficiency. There was a high percentage of Zn deficiency in both pre- (55.55%) and postoperative (61.11%) patients, and 33.33% of the patients were deficient in prealbumin postoperatively. The protein intake after 6 months of surgery was below the recommended intake (<70 g/d) for 88.88% of the patients. Laboratory analyses demonstrated an average decrease in total protein (P<.05), prealbumin (P = .002), and PTH (P = .008) between pre- and postsurgery, and a decrease in the percentage of deficiencies for Mg (P<.05), CaI (P<.05), and Fe (P = .021). Despite improvements in the autonomic nervous system balance, stiffness index markers and insulin resistance, we found a high prevalence of hypozincemia at 6 months post-RYGB. Furthermore, protein supplements were needed to maintain an adequate protein intake up to 6 months postsurgery.
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Herpesvirus reactivation is common after liver transplantation. Analyze the presence of cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNA in liver donor biopsies, seeking to better understand issues involving human donor leukocyte antigens (HLA)-A, B and DR, as well as correlations with acute cellular rejection. Fifty-nine liver transplantation patients were investigated for the presence of HCMV and HHV-6 DNA in liver donor biopsies, using the Nested-PCR technique. The clinical donor information and HLA matches were obtained from the São Paulo State Transplant System. The recipients' records regarding acute cellular rejection were studied. Seven (11.8%) biopsies were positive for HCMV DNA and 29 (49%) were positive for HHV-6 DNA. In 14 donors with HLA-DR 15 nine had HHV-6 DNA positive liver biopsy with a tendency for significant association (p=0.09), 22 recipients developed acute cellular rejection and 9/22 were positive for HLA-DR 15 (p=0.03; χ(2)=4.51), which was statistically significant in univariate analysis and showed a tendency after multivariate analysis (p=0.08). HHV-6 DNA was prevalent in liver donors studied as well as HLA-DR 15. These findings suggest that patients with HLA-DR 15 in liver donor biopsies develop more rejection after liver transplantation.
Exercise Increases Pancreatic β-cell Viability In A Model Of Type 1 Diabetes Through Il-6 Signaling.
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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is provoked by an autoimmune assault against pancreatic β cells. Exercise training enhances β-cell mass in T1D. Here, we investigated how exercise signals β cells in T1D condition. For this, we used several approaches. Wild-type and IL-6 knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were exercised. Afterward, islets from control and trained mice were exposed to inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β plus IFN-γ). Islets from control mice and β-cell lines (INS-1E and MIN6) were incubated with serum from control or trained mice or medium obtained from 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-treated C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Subsequently, islets and β cells were exposed to IL-1β plus IFN-γ. Proteins were assessed by immunoblotting, apoptosis was determined by DNA-binding dye propidium iodide fluorescence, and NO(•) was estimated by nitrite. Exercise reduced 25, 75, and 50% of the IL-1β plus IFN-γ-induced iNOS, nitrite, and cleaved caspase-3 content, respectively, in pancreatic islets. Serum from trained mice and medium from AICAR-treated C2C12 cells reduced β-cell death, induced by IL-1β plus IFN-γ treatment, in 15 and 38%, respectively. This effect was lost in samples treated with IL-6 inhibitor or with serum from exercised IL-6 KO mice. In conclusion, muscle contraction signals β-cell survival in T1D through IL-6.-Paula, F. M. M., Leite, N. C., Vanzela, E. C., Kurauti, M. A., Freitas-Dias, R., Carneiro, E. M., Boschero, A. C., and Zoppi, C. C. Exercise increases pancreatic β-cell viability in a model of type 1 diabetes through IL-6 signaling.
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This work describes an overview of our synthesis of pteridic acids A and B and discloses some interesting results related to the lithium enolate-mediated aldol reaction used as key step to set up the C5-C15 fragment of these natural products. This first example, as far we know, of an aldol reaction between a chiral enolate of a (Z) enone and a chiral aldehyde has driven us to a series of experiments showing the remarkable relation between enolization selectivity and reaction conditions.
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Twenty-two Triceps brachii muscle obtained from 11 cows aged 3 and 4 years , killed in an experimental slaughter plant, were submitted to mechanical tenderization, injection with acetic acid 0,1M and lactic acid 0,2M, ageing for 9 and 14 days and electrical stimulation (250v - 60Hz - 90s), some of them were reserved as a control group, without treatment. The 14 days ageing time presented 21% of increase in subjective tenderness and 12% of reduction in shear force, these values were similar to the electrical stimulated meat. However the injection with acids and the ageing time 9 days did not present significant effect in the texture. Although the shear force values of mechanical tenderized meat was the shortest among all treatments, suspect of superestimation because of the fractures plan created by this process. Another analyses were carried out: pH reduction curve, R value; colour analysis; weight losses by cooking and by treatment; and microbiological analysis.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física
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The objective of the present study was to determine whether lesion of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) promoted by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) would rescue nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Initially, 16 mg 6-OHDA (6-OHDA group) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid - aCSF; Sham group) was infused into the right MFB of adult male Wistar rats. Fifteen days after surgery, the 6-OHDA and SHAM groups were randomly subdivided and received ipsilateral injection of either 60 mM NMDA or aCSF in the right STN. Additionally, a control group was not submitted to stereotaxic surgery. Five groups of rats were studied: 6-OHDA/NMDA, 6-OHDA/Sham, Sham/NMDA, Sham/Sham, and Control. Fourteen days after injection of 6-OHDA, rats were submitted to the rotational test induced by apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg, ip) and to the open-field test. The same tests were performed again 14 days after NMDA-induced lesion of the STN. The STN lesion reduced the contralateral turns induced by apomorphine and blocked the progression of motor impairment in the open-field test in 6-OHDA-treated rats. However, lesion of the STN did not prevent the reduction of striatal concentrations of dopamine and metabolites or the number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA lesion. Therefore, STN lesion is able to reverse motor deficits after severe 6-OHDA-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, but does not protect or rescue dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of leprosy reactional episodes could be associated with chronic oral infection. Thirty-eight leprosy patients were selected and divided into 2 groups: group I - 19 leprosy patients with oral infections, and group II - 19 leprosy patients without oral infections. Ten patients without leprosy, but presenting oral infections, were assigned to the control group. Leprosy patients were classified according to Ridley and Jopling classification and reactional episodes of the erythema nodosum type or reversal reaction were identified by clinical and histopathological features associated with serum IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. These analyses were performed immediately before and 7 days after the oral infection elimination. Patients from group I presenting oral infections reported clinical improvement of the symptoms of reactional episodes after dental treatment. Serum IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels did not differ significantly before and after dental treatment as determined by the Wilcoxon test (p>0.05). Comparison of the 2 groups showed statistically significant differences in IL-1 and IL-6 at baseline and in IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 on the occasion of both collections 7 days after therapy. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in group I differed significantly at baseline compared to control (Mann-Whitney test; p<0.05). These results suggest that oral infection could be involved as a maintenance factor in the pathogenesis of leprosy reactional episodes.
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Avaliaram-se as características fermentativas e a qualidade das silagens de seis variedades de milho, de ciclos precoce e superprecoce - BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Assum Preto, BR 5033 Asa Branca, BR 5028 São Francisco, Gurutuba e BRS 4103 - indicadas para a região semiárida brasileira. Foram utilizados silos experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (variedades) e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHO), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), pH, nitrogênio amoniacal como parte do nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), ácidos orgânicos e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) das silagens. Os valores médios encontrados para a silagem foram: MS= 28,7%; MO= 94,9%; PB= 8,3%; FDN= 49,9%; FDA= 27,5%; EE= 3,8%; CHO= 82,7%; CNF= 32,8%; pH= 3,8; N-NH3/NT= 2,9%/NT; ácido láctico = 7,6%; ácido acético = 0,6%; ácido butírico = 0,3% e DIVMS= 57,9%. As variedades BR 5028 - São Francisco e Gurutuba destacaram-se das demais em relação ao teor de matéria seca. A variedade BRS Caatingueiro apresentou maior teor de carboidratos não fibrosos em relação às demais. As silagens de todas as variedades foram classificadas como de excelente qualidade, por apresentarem potencial para ensilagem no semiárido brasileiro
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The absorption spectra of DPH at fixed concentration do not change with water content in organic solvents. It exhibits monomer bands, such as those obtained in ethanol. The absorption did not change for solutions up to 54 and 46% of water in ethanol and DMSO, respectively, for [DPH] = 5.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 at 30 °C. However, at the same experimental conditions, a gradual sharp decay of the DPH fluorescence is observed. It is proposed that water molecules below these water concentration limits act as quenchers of the excited states of DPH. Stern-Volmer quenching constants by intensities measurements are 7.4 × 10-2 (water/ethanol) and 2.6 × 10-2 L mol-1 (water/DMSO). DPH lifetime measurements in the absence and presence of water resulted in 7.1 × 10-2 L mol-1 in water/ethanol, which pointed out that the process is a dynamic quenching by water molecules. For experiments using DPH as probe, this process can affect data, leading to misunderstanding interpretation.