Agentes fitoquímicos como radio-sensibilizadores na terapêutica em medicina nuclear

Mestrado em Medicina Nuclear. Área de especialização: Radiofarmácia.

New mitochondrial and nuclear evidences support recent demographic expansion and an atypical phylogeographic pattern in the Spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae)

Copyright: © 2014 Rodrigues et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Actualities on Nuclear Medicine Applications in Sports Medicine

Aims: This paper aims to address some of the main possible applications of actual Nuclear Medicine Imaging techniques and methodologies in the specific context of Sports Medicine, namely in two critical systems: musculoskeletal and cardiovascular. Discussion: At the musculoskeletal level, bone scintigraphy techniques proved to be a mean of diagnosis of functional orientation and high sensibility compared with other morphological imaging techniques in the detection and temporal evaluation of pathological situations, for instance allowing the acquisition of information of great relevance in athletes with stress fractures. On the other hand, infection/inflammation studies might be of an important added value to characterize specific situations, early diagnose of potential critical issues – so giving opportunity to precise, complete and fast solutions – while allowing the evaluation and eventual optimization of training programs. At cardiovascular system level, Nuclear Medicine had proved to be crucial in differential diagnosis between cardiac hypertrophy secondary to physical activity (the so called "athlete's heart") and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in the diagnosis and prognosis of changes in cardiac function in athletes, as well as in direct - and non-invasive - in vivo visualization of sympathetic cardiac innervation, something that seems to take more and more importance nowadays, namely in order to try to avoid sudden death episodes at intense physical effort. Also the clinical application of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has becoming more and more widely recognized as promising. Conclusions: It has been concluded that Nuclear Medicine can become an important application in Sports Medicine. Its well established capabilities to early detection of processes involving functional properties allied to its high sensibility and the actual technical possibilities (namely those related with hybrid imaging, that allows to add information provided by high resolution morphological imaging techniques, such as CT and/or MRI) make it a powerful diagnostic tool, claiming to be used on an each day higher range of clinical applications related with all levels of sport activities. Since the improvements at equipment characteristics and detection levels allows the use of smaller and smaller doses, so minimizing radiation exposure it is believed by the authors that the increase of the use of NM tools in the Sports Medicine area should be considered.

Image upsampling algorithms applied on Nuclear Medicine: comparision of hqnx and nxSaI algorithms families with two interpolation algorithms - nearest neighbour and bicubic interpolation

Introduction: Image resizing is a normal feature incorporated into the Nuclear Medicine digital imaging. Upsampling is done by manufacturers to adequately fit more the acquired images on the display screen and it is applied when there is a need to increase - or decrease - the total number of pixels. This paper pretends to compare the “hqnx” and the “nxSaI” magnification algorithms with two interpolation algorithms – “nearest neighbor” and “bicubic interpolation” – in the image upsampling operations. Material and Methods: Three distinct Nuclear Medicine images were enlarged 2 and 4 times with the different digital image resizing algorithms (nearest neighbor, bicubic interpolation nxSaI and hqnx). To evaluate the pixel’s changes between the different output images, 3D whole image plot profiles and surface plots were used as an addition to the visual approach in the 4x upsampled images. Results: In the 2x enlarged images the visual differences were not so noteworthy. Although, it was clearly noticed that bicubic interpolation presented the best results. In the 4x enlarged images the differences were significant, with the bicubic interpolated images presenting the best results. Hqnx resized images presented better quality than 4xSaI and nearest neighbor interpolated images, however, its intense “halo effect” affects greatly the definition and boundaries of the image contents. Conclusion: The hqnx and the nxSaI algorithms were designed for images with clear edges and so its use in Nuclear Medicine images is obviously inadequate. Bicubic interpolation seems, from the algorithms studied, the most suitable and its each day wider applications seem to show it, being assumed as a multi-image type efficient algorithm.

The Moving Text. Localization, translation and distribution

For some years now, translation theorist and educator Anthony Pym has been trying to establish a dialogue between the academic tradition he comes from and the world of the language industries into which he is meant to introduce his students: in other words, between the Translation Studies discipline and the localisation sector. This rapprochement is also the stated aim of his new book The Moving Text (p. 159). Rather than collect and synthesise what was previously dispersed over several articles, Pym has rewritten his material completely, both literally and conceptually, all in the light of the more than three decades of research he has conducted into the field of cross--cultural communication. The theoretical arguments are ably supported by a few short but telling and well-exploited examples.

ECG denoising based on adaptive signal processing technique

An Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system deals with several challenges related with noise sources. The main goal of this text was the study of Adaptive Signal Processing Algorithms for ECG noise reduction when applied to real signals. This document presents an adaptive ltering technique based on Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm to remove the artefacts caused by electromyography (EMG) and power line noise into ECG signal. For this experiments it was used real noise signals, mainly to observe the di erence between real noise and simulated noise sources. It was obtained very good results due to the ability of noise removing that can be reached with this technique. A recolha de sinais electrocardiogr a cos (ECG) sofre de diversos problemas relacionados com ru dos. O objectivo deste trabalho foi o estudo de algoritmos adaptativos para processamento digital de sinal, para redu c~ao de ru do em sinais ECG reais. Este texto apresenta uma t ecnica de redu c~ao de ru do baseada no algoritmo Least Mean Square (LMS) para remo c~ao de ru dos causados quer pela actividade muscular (EMG) quer por ru dos causados pela rede de energia el ectrica. Para as experiencias foram utilizados ru dos reais, principalmente para aferir a diferen ca de performance do algoritmo entre os sinais reais e os simulados. Foram conseguidos bons resultados, essencialmente devido as excelentes caracter sticas que esta t ecnica tem para remover ru dos.

Signal Subspace Identification in Hyperspectral Linear Mixtures

Chpater in Book Proceedings with Peer Review Second Iberian Conference, IbPRIA 2005, Estoril, Portugal, June 7-9, 2005, Proceedings, Part II

Relação entre função ventricular esquerda e os índices de captação miocárdio/pulmão em estudos Gated-SPECT

Introdução – A tomografia de emissão de fotão simples sincronizada com o sinal eletrocardiográfico (Gated-SPECT) é essencial para a avaliação conjunta da perfusão e da função ventricular esquerda (VE) do miocárdio. Objetivo – Investigar a relação entre a função VE e o índice de captação (IC) miocárdio/pulmão direito (M/PD) e M/P esquerdo (M/PE) nos estudos Gated-SPECT com 99mTc-Tetrofosmina. Metodologia – Amostra de 32 pacientes que realizaram estudos Gated-SPECT por indicação clínica, sendo subdividida em dois grupos: Grupo I (GI) – pacientes com a informação clínica de enfarte agudo do miocárdio (EAM); Grupo II (GII) – pacientes com a informação clínica de isquemia. Por cada paciente adquiriram-se imagens estáticas torácico-abdominais e dois estudos Gated-SPECT do miocárdio (protocolo de um dia esforço/repouso). Nas imagens estáticas definiram-se regiões de interesse (Regions of interest – ROI) para calcular os IC. Nos estudos Gated-SPECT utilizou-se o software Quantitative Gated SPECT/Quantitative Perfusion SPECT para calcular a Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE). Efetuou-se análise estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra. Aplicou-se o teste de Spearman para avaliar a correlação entre a FEVE e os IC por grupo de pacientes. O Teste de Willcoxon foi usado para comparar FEVE em repouso e em esforço. Resultados – Nos estudos Gated-SPECT em esforço não se verificou correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a FEVE e os IC, para GI e GII; em repouso existe correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre a FEVE e os IC, para GI; para GII não se verificou correlação. Na comparação dos valores de FEVE em esforço e repouso nos dois grupos constatou-se a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas, sendo a FEVE em Esforço

Ressonância magnética funcional na localização de paradigma motor

Objetivos – Um dos principais objetivos da neurociência tem sido, desde sempre, compreender as funcionalidades do cérebro. A introdução da ressonância magnética funcional contribuiu em grande escala para o desenvolvimento do estudo cerebral. Assim, esta investigação tem como principal objetivo identificar e desenhar os diferentes perfis de localizações cerebrais, a nível do córtex motor, numa população jovem saudável, permitindo, assim, um maior conhecimento nesta área e dando um contributo à área da neurologia. Material e métodos – Foi realizado um estudo de ressonância magnética funcional em 30 indivíduos saudáveis numa clínica de imagiologia médica. Para tal recorreu-se a equipamento adequado para a recolha de dados. O paradigma motor utilizado foi o movimento dos dedos das mãos. Através das imagens obtidas foi medida a área de cada região ativa. Com o suporte do programa SPSS (versão 19) todos os valores foram tratados estatisticamente. Conclusão – Após todo este processo concluiu-se que a área do cérebro maioritariamente ativa, no momento do paradigma motor, encontra-se no hemisfério esquerdo.

An Evaluation of Local Feature Combiners for Robot Visual Localization

In the last decade, local image features have been widely used in robot visual localization. To assess image similarity, a strategy exploiting these features compares raw descriptors extracted from the current image to those in the models of places. This paper addresses the ensuing step in this process, where a combining function must be used to aggregate results and assign each place a score. Casting the problem in the multiple classifier systems framework, we compare several candidate combiners with respect to their performance in the visual localization task. A deeper insight into the potential of the sum and product combiners is provided by testing two extensions of these algebraic rules: threshold and weighted modifications. In addition, a voting method, previously used in robot visual localization, is assessed. All combiners are tested on a visual localization task, carried out on a public dataset. It is experimentally demonstrated that the sum rule extensions globally achieve the best performance. The voting method, whilst competitive to the algebraic rules in their standard form, is shown to be outperformed by both their modified versions.

Guest editorial: OPTIMAX 2013

In 2012 we were awarded an Erasmus Intensive Programme grant to facilitate OPTIMAX 2013, a three week duration residential summer school held within the UK during August 2013. The summer school helped to further develop student radiographer skills in optimising x-radiation dose and image quality. With a major emphasis on visual techniques to determine image quality, lesion visibility, lesion detection performance and physical measures of image quality (eg signal to noise ratio (SNR)) we conducted controlled laboratory experiments on phantoms using Computed Radiography, CT and Full Field Digital Mammography. Mathematical modelling was used for radiation dose estimation. Sixty seven people from 5 European countries participated. This included 49 PhD, MSc and BSc students. Discipline areas included radiography, physics, biomedical science and nuclear medicine.