ANDRZEJ KUSZTELAK (RED.), Polityka edukacyjna i oświatowa w polityce społecznej. Wybrane zagadnienia, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, Poznań 2015, ss. 205

Recenzje i noty

NORBERT G. PIKUŁA, Poczucie sensu życia osób starszych. Inspiracje do edukacji w starości, Oficyna Wydawnicza Impuls, Kraków 2015, ss. 218

Recenzje i noty

Sprawozdanie z Seminarium Naukowego „Kompetencje nauczyciela wobec współczesnych problemów wychowawczych” Poznań, 15 stycznia 2016 roku

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Sprawozdanie z III Międzynarodowej Konferencji “The Educational and Social World of a Child” Poznań, 3 marca 2016 roku

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The Return of Institutions. On the Latest Change in the Research on Social and Economic Development

The paper describes the latest change in the research on social and economic development of states. This change is characterized mainly by a strong emphasis put on the role of institutions as key instruments of reducing the development gap between countries. It is argued that in the years after 1989 institutions have disappeared from mainstream academia and major intellectual debates because of: (1) the widespread belief in global convergence of capitalism and (2) the modernization theory which prevailed in the social science in the 1990s. The article indicates that institutions were once again brought into focus as a result of (1) a wider debate about the institutional sources of growth and development sparked by Acemoglu and Robinson’s Why Nations Fail, (2) the beginning of the global economic crisis of 2008 triggered by the fall of American investment bank Lehman Brothers (3) diversified consequences of the economic crisis seen all over Europe and the USA which illustrate (4) the institutional varieties of capitalism.

Intergenerational learning with ICT: a case study

In a context of rapid demographic and technological changes, digital skills are essential in order for citizens to actively participate in society. However, digital literacy for all citizens, especially for the older population, is not yet a reality. It is increasingly crucial for active ageing, lifelong learning, and life-wide learning that the elderly learn digital skills. Intergenerational learning can play a key role in achieving a wide range of goals. This paper focuses on the contribution of intergenerational learning to digital and social inclusion. We promoted ICT intergenerational workshops and chose the case study methodolog y to study three distinct cases of intergenerational learning with ICT. The results show that intergenerational learning with ICT contributes to the digital literacy of adults and seniors and fosters lifelong learning, active ageing, and understanding and solidarity among generations. We reveal the benefits of the intergenerational learning process for all participants and suggest some ways to achieve intergenerational learning through ICT in order to build more socially and digitally cohesive societies.

Marketing w administracji publicznej

Przemiany zachodzące w otoczeniu organizacji powodują, że bardziej wymagający konsumenci oczekują wyższego poziomu obsługi zarówno przez podmioty prywatne jak i publiczne. Wywiera to wpływ także na organy administracji publicznej, które muszą podążać zmianami w zachowaniu interesantów. Szansą na szybkie dostosowanie się jest wykorzystywanie koncepcji, którymi dotychczas posługiwały się w głównej mierze przedsiębiorstwa. Wymienić tu można choćby marketing wewnętrzny, nakierowany na osoby zatrudnione w organizacji i opierający się na założeniu, że zadowoleni pracownicy kreują także zadowolenie odbiorców. Kolejny przykład to marketing relacyjny, który nastawiony jest na kreowanie długoterminowych relacji z interesariuszami. Wśród narzędzi marketingowych sugeruje się wykorzystywanie charakterystycznego dla usług modelu 7P, obejmującego produkt, cenę, dystrybucję, promocję, ludzi, procesy i świadectwo materialne. Szczególnym wyzwaniem, dla organów administracji publicznej może okazać się rozwój Internetu. Staje się on nie tylko źródłem informacji, lecz ważnym elementem życia społecznego. W przestrzeni wirtualnej zauważyć można pojawianie się szczególnego rodzaju konsumentów - prosumentów, czyli osób pragnących nie tylko kupować produkty zaspokajające ich potrzeby, lecz także aktywnie zaangażować się w kształtowanie oferty, jaka jest do nich kierowana. Prosumenci chętnie prezentują swe opinie, oceniają produkty, wymieniają się poglądami i przedstawiają sugestie dotyczące sposobów rozwiązania problemów. Ich postępowanie może przynosić organom administracji wiele korzyści - ułatwiać dialog społeczny i kształtować pozytywny wizerunek organizacji. Niestety, taka swobodna wymiana informacji niesie ze sobą również pewne zagrożenia (jak na przykład możliwość sugerowania sposobów omijania prawa), którym organy administracji publicznej powinny sprostać.

Edukacja i kultura. Studium nad szkolnictwem obowiązkowym w Szwecji

Wydział Studiów Edukacyjnych

Espionage against Poland in the Documents and Analyses of the Polish Special Services (1944 - 1989) - as Illustrated by the Intelligence Activities of the USA

The text analyses the intelligence activity against Poland in the period 1944-1989. The paper also contains a case study, i.e. an analysis of the American intelligence service activity held against Poland. While examining the research thesis, the author used the documents and analyses prepared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In order to best illustrate the point, the author presented a number of cases of persons who spied for the USA, which was possible thanks to the analysis of the training materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs directed to the officers of the Security Service and the Citizens’ Militia. The text tackles the following issues: (1) to what extent did the character of the socio-political system influence the number of persons convicted for espionage against Poland in the period under examination?, (2) what was the level of interest of the foreign intelligence services in Poland before the year 1990?, (3) is it possible to indicate the specificity of the U.S. intelligence activity against Poland? 1) The analysis of data indicates that the period 1946-1956 witnessed a great number of convictions for espionage, which is often associated with the peculiar political situation in Poland of that time. Up to 1953, the countries of the Eastern bloc had reproduced the Stalin’s system, which only ceased due to the death of Stalin himself. Since then, the communist systems gradually transformed into the system of nomenklatura. Irrespective of these changes, Poland still witnessed a wave of repressions, which resulted from the threats continuously looming over the communist authorities – combating the anti-communist underground movement, fighting with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Polish government-in-exile, possible revisionism of borders, social discontent related to the socio-political reforms. Hence, a great number of convictions for espionage at that time could be ascribed to purely political sentences. Moreover, equally significant was the fact that the then judicial practice was preoccupied assessing negatively any contacts and relations with foreigners. This excessive number of convictions could ensue from other criminal-law provisions, which applied with respect to the crimes against the State, including espionage. What is also important is the fact that in the Stalin’s period the judiciary personnel acquired their skills and qualifications through intensive courses in law with the predominant spirit of the theory of evidence and law by Andrey Vyshinsky. Additionally, by the decree of 1944 the Penal Code of the Polish Armed Forces was introduced; the code envisaged the increase in the number of offences classified as penalised with death penalty, whereas the high treason was subject to the military jurisdiction (the civilians were prosecuted in military courts till 1955; the espionage, however, still stood under the military jurisdiction). In 1946, there was introduced the Decree on particularly dangerous crimes in the period of the State’s recovery, which was later called a Small Penal Code. 2) The interest that foreign intelligence services expressed in relation to Poland was similar to the one they had in all countries of Eastern and Central Europe. In the case of Poland, it should be noted that foreign intelligence services recruited Polish citizens who had previously stayed abroad and after WWII returned to their home country. The services also gathered information from Poles staying in immigrant camps (e.g. in FRG). The activity of the American intelligence service on the territory of FRG and West Berlin played a key role. The documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs pointed to the global range of this activity, e.g. through the recruitment of Polish sailors in the ports of the Netherlands, Japan, etc. In line with the development in the 1970s, espionage, which had so far concentrated on the defence and strategic sectors, became focused on science and technology of the People’s Republic of Poland. The acquisition of collaborators in academic circles was much easier, as PRL opened to academic exchange. Due to the system of visas, the process of candidate selection for intelligence services (e.g. the American) began in embassies. In the 1980s, the activity of the foreign intelligence services concentrated on the specific political situation in Poland, i.e. the growing significance of the “Solidarity” social movement. 3) The specificity of the American intelligence activity against Poland was related to the composition of the residency staff, which was the largest in comparison to other Western countries. The wide range of these activities can be proved by the quantitative data of convictions for espionage in the years 1944-1984 (however, one has to bear in mind the factors mentioned earlier in the text, which led to the misinterpretation of these data). Analysing the data and the documents prepared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, one should treat them with caution, as, frequently, the Polish counter-intelligence service used to classify the ordinary diplomatic practice and any contacts with foreigners as espionage threats. It is clearly visible in the language of the training materials concerned with “secret service methods of the intelligence activity” as well as in the documents on operational activities of the Security Service in relation to foreigners. The level of interest the USA had in Poland was mirrored in the classification of diplomatic posts, according to which Warsaw occupied the second place (the so-called Group “B”) on the three-point scale. The CIA experienced spectacular defeats during their activity in Poland: supporting the Polish underground anti-communist organisation Freedom and Independence and the so-called Munich-Berg episode (both cases took place in the 1950s). The text focuses only on selected issues related to the espionage activities against Poland. Similarly, the analysis of the problem has been based on selected sources, which has limited the research scope - however, it was not the aim of the author to present the espionage activity against Poland in a comprehensive way. In order to assess the real threat posed by the espionage activity, one should analyse the case of persons convicted for espionage in the period 1944-1989, as the available quantitative data, mentioned in the text, cannot constitute an explicit benchmark for the scale of espionage activity. The inaccuracies in the interpretation of data and variables, which can affect the evaluation of this phenomenon, have been pointed out in the text.

Czynniki kształtujące liczebność populacji jeża wschodniego Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900 w środowisku zurbanizowanym

Wydział Biologii

Kwantyfikacja wybranych świadczeń ekosystemów na poziomie lokalnym. Przykład gminy Krajenka

Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych

Studio e Analisi delle Prestazioni di Applicazioni basate su Protocolli HTTP/2 e WebSocket

Questo lavoro di tesi studia e analizza le prestazioni di applicazioni basate sui protocolli HTTP/2 e WebSocket, affrontando, anche in maniera sperimentale, due differenti tecniche: polling e push.

Il passaggio dalla Business Intelligence all'Advanced Analytics: individuazione e analisi di un modello in merito all'influenza del lobbying nel sistema economico

I Big Data stanno guidando una rivoluzione globale. In tutti i settori, pubblici o privati, e le industrie quali Vendita al dettaglio, Sanità, Media e Trasporti, i Big Data stanno influenzando la vita di miliardi di persone. L’impatto dei Big Data è sostanziale, ma così discreto da passare inosservato alla maggior parte delle persone. Le applicazioni di Business Intelligence e Advanced Analytics vogliono studiare e trarre informazioni dai Big Data. Si studia il passaggio dalla prima alla seconda, mettendo in evidenza aspetti simili e differenze.

Modello stocastico per la plasticità sinaptica

Nel sistema nervoso centrale i neuroni comunicano l'uno con l'altro attraverso le connessioni sinaptiche e sono soggetti a centinaia di stimoli, ma hanno la capacità di distinguerli l'uno dall'altro. L'abilità delle sinapsi di interpretare questi cambiamenti morfologici e biochimici è detta \textit{plasticità sinaptica} e l'obiettivo di questa tesi è proprio studiare un modello per le dinamiche di questo affascinante processo, da un punto di vista prima deterministico e poi stocastico. Infatti le reazioni che inducono la plasticità sinaptica sono ben approssimate da equazioni differenziali non lineari, ma nel caso di poche molecole bisogna tener conto delle fluttuazioni e quindi sono necessari dei metodi di analisi stocastici. Nel primo capitolo, dopo aver introdotto gli aspetti fondamentali del sistema biochimico coinvolto e dopo aver accennato ai diversi studi che hanno approcciato l'argomento, viene illustrato il modello basato sull'aggregazione delle proteine (PADP) volto a spiegare la plasticità sinaptica. Con il secondo capitolo si introducono i concetti matematici che stanno alla base dei processi stocastici, strumenti utili per studiare e descrivere la dinamica dei sistemi biochimici. Il terzo capitolo introduce una giustificazione matematica riguardo la modellizzazione in campo medio e vede una prima trattazione del modello, con relativa applicazione, sui moscerini. Successivamente si applica il modello di cui sopra ai mammiferi e se ne studia nel dettaglio la dinamica del sistema e la dipendenza dai parametri di soglia che portano alle varie transizioni di fase che coinvolgono le proteine. Infine si è voluto osservare questo sistema da un punto di vista stocastico inserendo il rumore di Wiener per poi confrontare i risultati con quelli ottenuti dall'approccio deterministico.

Estudio, edición crítica y traducción del "Memoriale virtvtvm" de Alfonso de Cartagena

Alfonso de Cartagena (1385-1456), possibly the most representative figure of the courtly, political and cultural dimension built around Juan II, was the third son of the famous convert Pablo de Santa Maria, Burgos’ rabbi and, later on, bishop of that same town. He started his career as governor of Cartagena’s cathedral, afterwards he was named dean of Santiago and Segovia, canon of Burgos and, after his father’s death, bishop of Burgos. Alternatively, he played a vital role in Castile’s national and international politics, as an ambassador in Portugal’s court, at Basel’s council and before Poland’s and Germany’s kings. His work, written both in Latin and Romance, either as an historian, treatise writer, theologist or translator, is quite broad; his literary connections were strong either with Italian humanists or with those who were fond of the language arts from Spain. The first part of this Thesis seeks to provide a wide enough perspective of the author, for which we place the emphasis on the most distinctive aspects of his life. Therefore, we divided the introduction in three sections: a biographical overview, his work and, last, a study on the Memoriale uirtutum itself. Thus, regarding the first aspect, we focus on the course of his life (§1.1), where we can highlight his university education, which isn’t restricted to his training as a jurist, but we also observe that his mental vitality takes him to develop certain inquisitiveness for Moral Philosophy or Latin, which leads him to study Grammar and Rhetoric; this would allow the influence of studia humanitatis to emerge, although he never got to learn the Greek language, as we can deduce from the epistolary confrontation between him and Leonardo Bruni. We also focus on the significance of his Jewish past, upon the defence of the converts during the massacre experienced in the XVth century (§1.2), and on his presence at Basel’s council (§1.3). Despite the fact that his work as a diplomat begins during the missions in Portugal as an emissary of king Juan II, he will get recognition owing to his legation in Basel, not only among the European ecclesiastics, but also among the scholars from Italy; the importance of Basel’s council in Cartagena’s life goes beyond his official work there, either as defending the Castilian interests, or as an active member of the purely conciliar functions, since it also had a huge impact in his intellectual growth. During this time period, Cartagena establishes a friendship with Pizzolpaso, Bishop of Milan, writer, humanist, and friend of Leonardo Bruni. As a result of this type of relationship with men of such high cultural standard, he re-awakens the study of the Classical antiquity among his contemporaries, developing a huge interest in the Greco-Roman masterpieces, which will bring him closely to the highly-regarded Spanish humanists of the XVIth century...