Modelling woody material transport and deposition in alpine rivers

Recent flood events in Switzerland and Western Austria in 2005 were characterised by an increase in impacts and associated losses due to the transport of woody material. As a consequence, protection measures and bridges suffered considerable damages. Furthermore, cross-sectional obstructions due to woody material entrapment caused unexpected flood plain inundations resulting in severe damage to elements at risk. Until now, the transport of woody material is neither sufficiently taken into account nor systematically considered, leading to prediction inaccuracies during the procedure of hazard mapping. To close this gap, we propose a modelling approach that (1) allows the estimation of woody material recruitment from wood-covered banks and flood plains; (2) allows the evaluation of the disposition for woody material entrainment and transport to selected critical configurations along the stream and that (3) enables the delineation of hazard process patterns at these critical configurations. Results from a case study suggest the general applicability of the concept. This contribution to woody material transport analysis refines flood hazard assessments due to the consideration of woody material transport scenarios.

A short account of the Hebrew tenses

by R. H. Kennett

Lake ice phenology from AVHRR data for European lakes: An automated two-step extraction method

Several lake ice phenology studies from satellite data have been undertaken. However, the availability of long-term lake freeze-thaw-cycles, required to understand this proxy for climate variability and change, is scarce for European lakes. Long time series from space observations are limited to few satellite sensors. Data of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are used in account of their unique potential as they offer each day global coverage from the early 1980s expectedly until 2022. An automatic two-step extraction was developed, which makes use of near-infrared reflectance values and thermal infrared derived lake surface water temperatures to extract lake ice phenology dates. In contrast to other studies utilizing thermal infrared, the thresholds are derived from the data itself, making it unnecessary to define arbitrary or lake specific thresholds. Two lakes in the Baltic region and a steppe lake on the Austrian–Hungarian border were selected. The later one was used to test the applicability of the approach to another climatic region for the time period 1990 to 2012. A comparison of the extracted event dates with in situ data provided good agreements of about 10 d mean absolute error. The two-step extraction was found to be applicable for European lakes in different climate regions and could fill existing data gaps in future applications. The extension of the time series to the full AVHRR record length (early 1980 until today) with adequate length for trend estimations would be of interest to assess climate variability and change. Furthermore, the two-step extraction itself is not sensor-specific and could be applied to other sensors with equivalent near- and thermal infrared spectral bands.

Life, wanderings and labours in Eastern Africa : with an account of the first successful ascent of the equatorial snow mountain, Kilima Njaro, and remarks upon East African slavery

by Charles New, of the late Livingstone search and relief expedition

The poetical works of Oliver Goldsmith : with an account of the life and writings of the author : to which is added a prefatory essay, containing a critical dissertation on his poetry

by J. Aikin, M.D, Oliver Goldsmith

Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. comprehending an account of his studies, and numerous works in chronological order : with his correspondence and conversations

by James Boswell ; with copious notes and biograph. ill. by Malone

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in U.S. adult travelers': The importance of travel to the development of IBS

Background. Irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder that is potentially linked to international travel at an undetermined frequency.^ Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through mail to five hundred and ninety-one patients that were twice diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome at Kelsey Seybold Clinic in Houston, TX. Responses to survey questions were used to assess patient travel history, IBS symptomology, and disease classification.^ Results. Of the five hundred and ninety-one patients that were mailed a questionnaire, two hundred and twenty one patients returned questionnaires and two hundred and one met inclusion criteria. Of the participants reporting international travel within six months of developing their chronic intestinal disorder, 60% were classified as having PI-IBS, while 25% had IBS, 10% had PI-UFBD, and 5% had UFBD. A majority of the subjects who traveled six months before onset of their functional bowel disease had a post-infectious form of IBS and reported a start and worsening of symptoms with an acute bout of diarrhea. It was common for those traveling six months before travel and labeled PI-IBS to have enteric symptoms that led to lifestyle adjustments. ^ Conclusion. International travel had a significant effect on the classification of IBS among patients which relates to the differences in IBS symptoms and perhaps pathogenesis among travelers versus non-travelers. ^

DEVELOPMENT OF A BEAM-SPECIFIC PLANNING TARGET VOLUME AND A ROBUST PLAN ANALYSIS TOOL FOR PROTON THERAPY

Proton therapy is growing increasingly popular due to its superior dose characteristics compared to conventional photon therapy. Protons travel a finite range in the patient body and stop, thereby delivering no dose beyond their range. However, because the range of a proton beam is heavily dependent on the tissue density along its beam path, uncertainties in patient setup position and inherent range calculation can degrade thedose distribution significantly. Despite these challenges that are unique to proton therapy, current management of the uncertainties during treatment planning of proton therapy has been similar to that of conventional photon therapy. The goal of this dissertation research was to develop a treatment planning method and a planevaluation method that address proton-specific issues regarding setup and range uncertainties. Treatment plan designing method adapted to proton therapy: Currently, for proton therapy using a scanning beam delivery system, setup uncertainties are largely accounted for by geometrically expanding a clinical target volume (CTV) to a planning target volume (PTV). However, a PTV alone cannot adequately account for range uncertainties coupled to misaligned patient anatomy in the beam path since it does not account for the change in tissue density. In order to remedy this problem, we proposed a beam-specific PTV (bsPTV) that accounts for the change in tissue density along the beam path due to the uncertainties. Our proposed method was successfully implemented, and its superiority over the conventional PTV was shown through a controlled experiment.. Furthermore, we have shown that the bsPTV concept can be incorporated into beam angle optimization for better target coverage and normal tissue sparing for a selected lung cancer patient. Treatment plan evaluation method adapted to proton therapy: The dose-volume histogram of the clinical target volume (CTV) or any other volumes of interest at the time of planning does not represent the most probable dosimetric outcome of a given plan as it does not include the uncertainties mentioned earlier. Currently, the PTV is used as a surrogate of the CTV’s worst case scenario for target dose estimation. However, because proton dose distributions are subject to change under these uncertainties, the validity of the PTV analysis method is questionable. In order to remedy this problem, we proposed the use of statistical parameters to quantify uncertainties on both the dose-volume histogram and dose distribution directly. The robust plan analysis tool was successfully implemented to compute both the expectation value and its standard deviation of dosimetric parameters of a treatment plan under the uncertainties. For 15 lung cancer patients, the proposed method was used to quantify the dosimetric difference between the nominal situation and its expected value under the uncertainties.

El espacio narrativo en Revelaciones de un manuscrito, de Bernabé Demaría

Bernabé Demaría (1824-1910), escritor, político y pintor argentino, es autor de una única novela, Revelaciones de un manuscrito (1869). En sus páginas, el espacio geográfico -Europa en la primera parte; la Argentina, en la segunda- funciona como elemento estructurador, pues la novela está concebida como un Bildungsroman, donde el motivo del viaje articula tanto el desplazamiento horizontal (espacial) como el vertical (espiritual y social) del protagonista, Florencio Indarte. Junto a los tópicos del más definido romanticismo, se descubren rasgos realistas: una cuidadosa localización espacial de la acción, la acumulación de detalles tendientes a reforzar el efecto de realidad, el discurso didáctico, de registro aparentemente objetivo, portador de una copiosa enciclopedia científica. La olvidada novela de Bernabé Demaría debe ser tenida en cuenta muy especialmente en toda indagación de los orígenes del realismo en la novela argentina.

Gregorio Weinberg : un editor necesario

Recuerdo personal acerca del afecto generado por Gregorio Weinberg. De manera lateral se intenta dar cuenta de la relación entre la literatura de viajes y el estatuto de esa escritura entre los intelectuales del siglo XVIII. Literatura menor que Weinberg se animó a editar.

Escribir el desierto. Narrar la nación. Literatura y periodismo en la formación de la nación argentina, 1830-1852

Esta tesis indaga en los textos escritos por la llamada generación del 37 (o "generación romántica" argentina) en el período de dominio rosista en el Río de la Plata (1830-1852). Se estudia el proceso simbólico de formación de una tradición y un canon literario nacional desde una perspectiva que toma en cuenta tanto los cruces genéricos como el contexto de enunciación de los distintos discursos analizados. En la primera parte, "Escribir (en) el desierto", se analiza el tratamiento del paisaje como forma simbólica en La cautiva de Echeverría, en el marco de los tópicos de la literatura de viaje de la época, y, en la segunda sección, los primeros ensayos dedicados a la formación de una literatura nacional en los periódicos románticos (La Moda, El Zonda, El Iniciador). En la segunda parte, "El tejido biográfico", se aborda el Facundo y el discurso modernizador de Sarmiento; en la tercera, "Linajes, memorias, influencias", se estudia la discusión sobre los límites de la nacionalidad a partir de las Investigaciones sobre la influencia social de la conquista y el sistema colonial de los españoles en Chile de José Victorino Lastarria, memoria presentada en 1844 en la Universidad de Chile, y a la que responden, desde distintos posicionamientos, Bello, Sarmiento y Alberdi.