955 resultados para Ti Alloys
Resumo:
Carbon ions with concentration of (0.6-1.5)% were implanted into silicon crystals at room temperature and Si1-xCx alloys were grown by solid phase epitaxy with high temperature annealing. The formation and characteristics of Si1-xCx alloys under different implanted carbon doses were studied. If the implanted carbon atom concentration was less than 0.6%, carbon atoms would tend to combine with the defects produced during implantation and it was difficult for Si1-xCx alloys to form during annealing at 850-950 degreesC. With the increase of implanted C concentration, almost all implanted carbon atoms would occupy substitution positions to form Si1-xCx alloys, but only part of implanted carbon atoms would occupy the substitution position to form Si1-xCx alloys as the implanted dose increased to 1.5 %. Most Si1-xCx alloy phases would vanish as the annealing temperature was increased higher.
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The interface diffusion, reaction, and adherence of rapid thermal annealed Ti/ALN were investigated by RES, AES, SIMS, XRD and a scratch test. The experimental results show that diffusion and reaction occurs at the interface of Ti/AlN when the sample is rapidly annealed. During annealing, both the O adsorbed on the surface and doped in the AlN substrate diffuse into the Ti film. At low temperature TiO2 is produced. At higher temperature O reacts with the diffused Al in the Ti film and produces an Al2O3 layer in the middle of the film. N diffuses into the Ti film and produces TiN with an interface reaction. Ti oxide is produced at the interface between the film and the substrate. Scratch test results show that interface adherence is distinctly improved by rapid annealing at low temperature and decreases at higher temperature. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
We have measured photoluminescence of ZnSxTe1-x alloys (x > 0.7) at 300 K and under hydrostatic pressure up to 7 GPa. The spectra contain only a broad emission band under excitation of the 406.7 nm line. Its pressure coefficients are 47, 62 and 45 meV/GPa for x = 0.98, 0.92 and 0.79 samples, which are about 26%, 7% and 38% smaller than that of the band gap in the corresponding alloys. The Stokes shifts between emission and absorption of the bands were calculated by fitting the pressure dependence of the emission intensity, being 0.29, 0.48 and 0.13 eV for the three samples, respectively. The small pressure coefficient and large Stokes shift indicate that the emission band observed in our samples may correspond to the Te isoelectronic center in the ZnSxTe1-x alloy.
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Raman scattering studies were reported of In1-x-yGaxAlyAs/InP lattice matched quaternary alloys. The quaternary alloys a.ere grown on (100) oriented InP substrates by MBE method. The composition and intensity dependence of optical phonon mode frequencies show that the quaternary alloys exhibit three-mode behavior, i.e. InAs-like, GaAs-like and AlAs-like modes. Polarization analysis of the Raman spectra shows that the LO phonon modes are Raman active in the depolarized configuration and Raman inactive in the polarized configuration. TO phonon modes were also observed due to disorder effects, resulting in the asymmetrical shapes of the Raman peaks of the optical phonons.
Resumo:
Low pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD) growth and characteristics of InAssb on (100) Gasb substrates are investigated. Mirror-like surfaces with a minimum lattice mismatch are obtained. The samples are studied by photoluminescence spectra, and the output is 3.17 mu m in wavelength. The surface of InAssb epilayer shows that its morphological feature is dependent on buffer layer. With an InAs buffer layer used, the best surface is obtained. The InAssb film shows to be of n-type conduction with an electron concentration of 8.52 x 10(16) cm(-3).
Resumo:
本论文首先研究了Ni、Zr分别对Ti-V-Cr固溶体储氢合金中Cr和Ti部分取代的影响,得到了性能良好的Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.10Ni030基质合金。在此基础上进一步研究了入甄、B、Fe、Co、Al元素的添加或取代对基质合金的结构及电化学性能的影响。采用XRD、ICP、SEM一EDX、XPS、EIS、线性极化和阳极极化等表征手段对Ti一V-Cr固溶体储氢合金的结构及电化学性能进行分析和表征,主要结果如下:①Ti一V-Cr合金自身在碱性电解液中几乎无电化学活性。当用Ni部分取代Cr后,合金中出现具有电化学活性的第二相,其电化学性能得到有效地改善和提高。②Ti0.25-xZr_xV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3(x=0.05-0.15)合金主要是由bcc相和c14Laves相组成。随Zr含量从0.05增加到0.08,合金电极的放电容量和倍率放电能力增加;当x继续从0.08增加到0.15时,其变化较小。合金电极的电荷转移电阻随x增加而降低,当x在0.08到0.15之间变化时,电荷转移电阻变化也比较小。表明电荷转移电阻的大小与合金的电化学性能密切相关。③经过50次充、放电循环后,Tio.17zr"sV时scrol0Ni03。合金电极在303K和313K的放电容量能保持在90%以上;在70℃时的放电容量仍能达到275mA扮g。根据不同温度时的交换电流密度,计算了Ti。,17Zr008V时SCr川0Ni030合金电极表面电化学反应的表观活化能,其值约为50kJ/mol。④通过Nln、B、Fe、C。、AI对Tio.17zroosvo35Crol0Nio3。合金基质的添加与取代的研究,得到了具有高容量的储氢合金。其中Tio.17Zr008Vo35Cro.10Ni020Mnol。合金室温最高放电容量达到390n1A扮g;在253一343K的温度范围内,Tiol7Zr08V035Cr0JONioz5Mnoos合金具有高的放电容量,其容量在167一298mA树g之间变化,但是这些合金的稳定性有待进一步的提高。⑤合金充、放电过程中,晶格的扭曲和膨胀、Zr和V的溶解使得合金结构发生变化;合金的严重粉化及表面致密氧化膜的形成,是导致Ti一V-Cr合金电化学性能的衰减的主要原因。
Resumo:
在综合文献报导的基础上,我们选择了LnMsbO_6和Ln_2M_2O_7 (M = Zr, Ti)做为研究体系,对其合成、组成、结构以及稀土离子在其中的发光性质进行了较为系统的研究。用氢氧化物共沉淀的方法,在等摩尔阳离子原料配比条件下,我们制备了LnMsbO_6和Ln_2M_2O_7(M = Zr, Ti, Ln = La - Yb, Y除Ce和Pm)。根据对组成的分析结果并与文献对比,我们认为得到的化合物组成与给出的分子式是一致的。由热分析并结合x-ray衍射分析对LnZrsbO_6的形成反应进行了研究,其结果表明化合物的形成过程是一个较慢的固相反应过程。通过x-ray粉沫衍射物相分析并结合掺杂Eu~(3+)的发光光谱,我们确定了在不同条件下合成的LnMsbO_6和Ln_2M_2O_7化合物的结构类型,并计算了所有化合物的晶胞参数。在对上述结构特性及其变化规律进行研究后,我们认为Ln_2M_2O_7结构变化规律与ΔZ/(d~2) (Z为阳离子电荷,d为阳离子与阴离距离)有关,随ΔZ/(d~2)值由小到大,Ln_2M_2O_7(M = Zr, Ti)先是形成具有荧石结构的阳离子无序固溶体,然后逐渐过渡到荧石结构的变型——有序的立方烧绿石结构,最后变型到单斜晶系结构。LnMsbO_6(M = Zr, Ti)低温相结构与Ln_2M_2O_7(M = Zr, Ti)是有联系的,即基本保持了其立方晶系结构。然后锑的加入使这种结构变得很不稳定,因此在高温灼烧下上述立方相将不可逆地变为更稳定的高温结构相。利用磁天平对LnMsbO_6和Ln_2M_2O_7进行了室温条件下的磁学性质测量,其玻尔磁子数的实验值与Van Vleck理论值符合较好。由此也可说以说明化合物的组成与给出的分子式是一致的。用荧光光谱仪对Eu~(3+)在不同基质中做发光光谱,其结果表明Eu~(3+)在烧绿石结构的Ln_2M_2O_7中,Ln~(3+)是处于具有反演中心的D_(3d)格位,这时~5D_0 → ~7F_2的电体极跃迁(~610nm)是被禁阻的,因此Eu~(3+)主要的发光为~5D_0 → ~7F_1磁体极跃迁(~590nm),并劈裂为两条谱线。在其它不具有反演中心的格位中Eu~(3+)的~5D_0 → ~7F_2跃迁则是较强的。在La~(3+)有着多个较低对称性格位的La_2Ti_2O_7:Eu中,无论是Eu~(3+)的激发光谱,还是发射光谱,其~5D_0与~7F_0之间的跃迁谱线都不只一条,这与La~(3+)多对称性格位特性是一致的。在立方荧石结构的LnZrsbO_6:Eu中,用Eu~(3+)电荷迁移带激发的发光光谱与用其它激发带激发的很不相同,其~5D_1能级的跃迁谱线非常强,我们认为这可能是由于电荷迁移激发态,将大部分能量传递给3~5D_1能级的结果。另外,我们比较了在Ln_2Zr_2O_7和LnZrsbO_6中Eu~(3+)的发光强度,发现前者要比后者强许多。在研究Bi~(3+)对Eu~(3+)的敏化作用时,我们发现在Y_2M_2O_7:Bi, Bu中Bi~(3+)对Eu~(3+)有较好的敏化作用,而在YMsbO_6:Bi, Eu中则没有。同时我们注意到对于Eu~(3+)取代六配位La~(3+)格位时,其电荷还移带位置和符合Hoefdraad认为是不变的规律,而是随着基质晶格的不同发生变化的。对Dy~(3+)在LnMsbO_6和Ln_2M_2O_7基质中发光性质研究中,我们看到Dy~(3+)的发光主要为兰色的~4F_(9/2) → ~6H_(15/2)跃迁(~480nm)和黄色的~4F_(9/2) → ~6H_(13/2)跃迁(~580nm)。其黄光与兰光的强度比值(R)随基质晶格的不同可以有很大的变化。一般情况下R值总是要大小1,且不随湿度和Dy~(3+)掺杂浓度变化。同时我们比较了在Ln_2Zr_2O_7和LnZrsbO_6 (Ln = Y, Gd, La)基质体系中Dy~(3+)的发光强度,发现同Eu~(3+)类似前者较后者强许多。在论文中我们给出了在Y_2M_2O_7和YMsbO_6 (M = Zr, Ti)中Sm~(3+)的激发光谱与发射光谱,从中可以看到当Sm~(3+)在Y_2Ti_2O_7中取代占据D_(3d)格位的Y~(3+)时,其~4G_(5/2) → ~6H_(9/2) (~650nm)电体极跃迁是被禁阻的。同时还给出了在YZrsbO_6中H_0~(3+)和Er~(3+)的激发光谱与发射光谱。此外,我们研究了Eu~(3+)和Dy~(3+)在一些基质体系中发光强度随温度的变化规律。发现Y_2Zr_2O_7:Eu的临界猝来温度要比La_2Zr_2O_7:Eu的高,Ln_2Zr_2O_7:Dy (Ln = La, Y)的温度猝来曲线则大致相同,且随温度和猝来要比Ln_2Zr_2O_7:Eu缓慢,对于上述现象我们利用位形坐标给出了一定的解释。然而所有的样品发光强度从室温开始,随温度的升高都是单调下降的。
Resumo:
我国江西龙南稀土矿是目前世界上储量最大的富钇稀土矿、研制具有多种用途的钇(Y)-铝(Al)或富钇混合稀土(Ymm)-铝中间合金,对于开拓我国龙南稀土矿的应用领域扩大稀土合金出口具有重要意义。基于这一背景并针对目前氟化物体系制取Ymm-Al合金时存在着电解温度高,腐蚀现象严重,电效偏低等缺点,本文系统开展了在氯化物熔盐体系中电解制取Ymm-Al合金的研究工作。本工作由三部分组成:在第一部分工作中,开展了熔盐电解所需要基本原料-无水稀土氯化物制取的工艺研究。利用化学分析和结构分析手段,弄清了干法氯化过程中YmmCl_3水解的机理,提出了减弱水解的措施,即YmmCl_3先在850-900 ℃灼烧1.5 + 0.2hr,脱掉吸附水并将碱式碳酸盐转化为氧化物,增加稀土氧化物的比表面。通过条件试验得到最佳工艺条件为:采用NH_4 Cl:Ymm_2 O_3 = 14:1(摩尔比)的配料比,每次投入氯化装置的原料量为0.26 - 0.36 kg, 在400-450 ℃氯化反应激烈开始后迅速降温至400 ℃以下,待物料粘结现象消失后,再行升温氯化。出料及后期控制温在475 ± 25 ℃。经过3.8 ± 0.2hr氯化,可制得水不溶物小于1%并符合熔盐电解要求的YmmCl_3原料。此新工艺与原有干法工艺相比,流程短,装置简单,不需密闭抽真空,成本低,适于制取任何量的优质熔盐电解所需氯化稀土原料。在第二部分工作中,利用上述YmmCl_3原料,以液态铝为阴极,在氯化物体系中进行熔盐电解,通过试验得出在小型试验规模制取Ymm-Al合金的最隹工艺条件为:电解质组成(重量比)40%YmmCl_3-1%NaF-59%等摩尔的NaCl-KCl;电解温度为790 ± 5 ℃;阴极电流密为0.7 - 0.02A/cm~2;电解电量为333 ± 5库仑/克铝,制得钇铝合金中Ymm含量为10 ± 2%。添加1%的NaF可消除阴极表面生成枝状物,减少合金中夹渣和熔盐中沉渣。在电解工作中,将方差分析应用于试验数据处理,方差分析结果表明,各种试验因素对电效有明显影响,试验数据可靠,试验误差在允许范围以内。在第三部分工作中,利用线性扫描伏安法测定了在最隹电解工艺条件下Y~(3+)和Ymm在液态铝及钼电极上的析出电位。测定结果表明:Y~(3+)和Ymm~(3+)在液态铝阴极上的析出电位比在钼阴极上偏正0.2 ~ 0.8伏,氟离子的加入要比不加氟时析出电位不有同程度的负移,但考虑到氟离了具有消渣作用,加入少量氟比物添加剂对提高电效有利。