Regulation of bone biology by prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (PGHS): A rose by any other name...

It is well established that prostaglandins are essential mediators of bone resorption and formation. In the early 1990s, it was discovered that enzymatic reactions producing prostaglandins were regulated by two cyclooxygenase enzymes, one producing prostaglandins constitutively in tissues like the stomach, prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1 (PGHS-1 or COX-1), and another induced by mitogens or inflammatory mediators (PGHS-2 or COX-2). This neat distinction has not been maintained because both enzymes act in different cell systems to provide physiological signaling, constitutively or by induction under certain conditions. For example, the regulation patterns of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 are distinct, but the evidence shows that PGHS-2 functions constitutively in the skeleton. PGHS-2 hits quickly been established, therefore, as a key regulator of bone biology, capable of rapid and transient expression in bone cells, and mediating osteoclastogenesis, mechanotransduction, bone formation and fracture repair. The goal of this review is to Summarize the current state of our knowledge of PGHS regulation of bone metabolism and to identify some of the key unresolved challenges and questions that require further study. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Erythrocyte antioxidant protection of rose hips (Rosa spp.)

Rose hips are popular in health promoting products as the fruits contain high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether health benefits are attributable to ascorbic acid, phenols, or other rose-hip-derived compounds. Freeze-dried powder of rose hips was preextracted with metaphosphoric acid and the sample was then sequentially eluted on a C18 column. The degree of amelioration of oxidative damage was determined in an erythrocyte in vitro bioassay by comparing the effects of a reducing agent on erythrocytes alone or on erythrocytes pretreated with berry extracts. The maximum protection against oxidative stress, 59.4 ± 4.0% (mean standard deviation), was achieved when incubating the cells with the first eluted meta-phosphoric extract. Removal of ascorbic acid from this extract increased the protection against oxidative stress to 67.9 ± 1.9% . The protection from the 20% and 100% methanol extracts was 20.8 ± 8.2% and 5.0 ± 3.2% , respectively. Antioxidant uptake was confirmed by measurement of catechin by HPLC-ESI-MS in the 20% methanol extract. The fact that all sequentially eluted extracts studied contributed to protective effects on the erythrocytes indicates that rose hips contain a promising level of clinically relevant antioxidant protection. © Copyright 2012 C. Widén et al.

Rose Ruiz, the alleged Boston Marathon winner

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Rose Ruiz, alleged Boston Marathon winner

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Jessica Lee talking to Everglades angler David Rose

http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/fce_lter_photos/1294/thumbnail.jpg

(Table 3) Oxygen and carbon isotopic record of living (Rose Bengal Stained) benthic foraminifera of North Atlantic surface sediments

Variation of the d13C of living (Rose Bengal stained) deep-sea benthic foraminifera is documented from two deep-water sites (~2430 and ~3010 m) from a northwest Atlantic Ocean study area 275 km south of Nantucket Island. The carbon isotopic data of Hoeglundina elegans and Uvigerina peregrina from five sets of Multicorer and Soutar Box Core samples taken over a 10-month interval (March, May, July, and October 1996 and January 1997) are compared with an 11.5 month time series of organic carbon flux to assess the effect of organic carbon flux on the carbon isotopic composition of dominant taxa. Carbon isotopic data of Hoeglundina elegans at 3010 m show 0.3 per mil lower mean values following an organic carbon flux maximum resulting from a spring phytoplankton bloom. This d13C change following the spring bloom is suggested to be due to the presence of a phytodetritus layer on the seafloor and the subsequent depletion of d13C in the pore waters within the phytodetritus and overlying the sediment surface. Carbon isotopic data of H. elegans from the 2430 m site show an opposite pattern to that found at 3010 m with a d13C enrichment following the spring bloom. This different pattern may be due to spatial variation in phytodetritus deposition and resuspension or to a limited number of specimens recovered from the March 1996 cruise. The d13C of Uvigerina peregrina at 2430 m shows variation over the 10 month interval, but an analysis of variance shows that the variability is more consistent with core and subcore variability than with seasonal changes. The isotopic analyses are grouped into 100 µm size classes on the basis of length measurements of individual specimens to evaluate d13C ontogenetic changes of each species. The data show no consistent patterns between size classes in the d13C of either H. elegans or U. peregrina. These results suggest that variation in organic carbon flux does not preferentially affect particular size classes, nor do d13C ontogenetic changes exist within the >250 to >750 µm size range for these species at this locality. On the basis of the lack of ontogenetic changes a range of sizes of specimens from a sample can be used to reconstruct d13C in paleoceanographic studies. The prediction standard deviation, which is composed of cruise, core, subcore, and residual (replicate) variability, provides an estimate of the magnitude of variability in fossil d13C data; it is 0.27 per mil for H. elegans at 3010 m and 0.4 per mil for U. peregrina at the 2430 m site. Since these standard deviations are based on living specimens, they should be regarded as minimum estimates of variability for fossil data based on single specimen analyses. Most paleoceanographic reconstructions are based on the analysis of multiple specimens, and as a result, the standard error would be expected to be reduced for any particular sample. The reduced standard error resulting from the analysis of multiple specimens would result in the seasonal and spatial variability observed in this study having little impact on carbon isotopic records.

Michael Schratz / Johanna F. Schwarz / Tanja Westfall-Greiter: Lernen als bildende Erfahrung, Vignetten in der Praxisforschung, Mit einem Vorwort von Käte Meyer-Drawe und Beiträgen von Horst Rumpf, Carol Ann Tomlinson, Mike Rose u.a. Innsbruck: Studienverlag 2012 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Michael Schratz / Johanna F. Schwarz / Tanja Westfall-Greiter: Lernen als bildende Erfahrung, Vignetten in der Praxisforschung, Mit einem Vorwort von Käte Meyer-Drawe und Beiträgen von Horst Rumpf, Carol Ann Tomlinson, Mike Rose u.a., Innsbruck: Studienverlag 2012 (161 S.; ISBN 978-3706551182)