Pockels effect in GaN/Al-x,Gal(1-x)N superlattice with different quantum structures - art. no. 69841G

The linear electro-optic (Pockels) effect of wurtzite gallium nitride (GaN) films and six-period GaN/AlxGa1-xN superlattices with different quantum structures were demonstrated by a polarization-maintaining fiber-optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer system with an incident light wavelength of 1.55 mu m. The samples were prepared on (0001) sapphire substrate by low-temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The measured coefficients of the GaN/AlxGa1-xN superlattices are much larger than those of bulk material. Taking advantage of the strong field localization due to resonances, GaN/AlxGa1-xN SL can be proposed to engineer the nonlinear responses.

Tunneling magnetoresistance in (Ga,Mn)As/Al-O/CoFeB hybrid structures

Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in Ga(0.9)2Mn(0.08)As/Al-O/Co40Fe40B20 trilayer hybrid structure as a function of temperature from 10 to 50 K with magnetic field vertical bar H vertical bar <= 2000 Oe has been studied. TMR ratio of 1.6% at low fields at 10 K was achieved with the applied current of 1 mu A. The behavior of junction resistance was well explained by the tunneling resistance across the barrier. Strong bias dependences of magnetoresistance and junction resistance were presented. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3068418]

Influence of Al content on electrical and structural properties of Si-doped AlxGa1-xN/GaN HEMT structures

Improved electrical properties of AlxGa1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were achieved through increasing the Al mole fraction in the AlGaN barrier layers. An average sheet resistance of 326.6 Omega/sq and a good resistance uniformity of 98% were obtained for a 2-inch Al0.38Ga0 62N/GaN HEMT structure. The surface morphology of AlxGa1-xN/GaN HEMT structures strongly correlates with the Al content. More defects were formed with increasing Al content due to the increase of tensile strain, which limits further reduction of the sheet resistance. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim.

Intense room temperature near infrared emission from Al (3+) and Yb3+ ions

Intense near infrared emission was observed from Al3+ and Yb3+ ions co-implanted SiO2 film on silicon. It was found that the addition of Al3+ ions could remarkably improve the photoluminescence efficiency of Yb3+-implanted SiO2 film. No excitation power saturation was observed and trivial temperature quenching factor of 2 was achieved.

Study on the hydrolysis/precipitation behavior of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum solutions

The hydrolysis/precipitation behaviors of Al3+, Al-13 and Al-30 under conditions typical for flocculation in water treatment were investigated by studying the particulates' size development, charge characteristics, chemical species and speciation transformation of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates. The optimal pH conditions for hydrolysis precipitates formation for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 6.5-7.5, 8.5-9.5, and 7.5-9.5, respectively. The precipitates' formation rate increased with the increase in dosage, and the relative rates were AlCl3 >> PAC(A130) > PACA113. The precipitates' size increased when the dosage increased from 50 mu M to 200 mu M, but it decreased when the dosage increased to 800 AM. The Zeta potential of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates decreased with the increase in pH for the three coagulants. The isoelectric points of the freshly formed precipitates for AlCl3, PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) were 7.3, 9.6 and 9.2, respectively. The Zeta potentials of AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates were lower than those of PAC(A113) and PAC(A130) when pH > 5.0. The Zeta potential of PAC(A130) hydrolysis precipitates was higher than that of PACA113 at the acidic side, but lower at the alkaline side. The dosage had no obvious effect on the Zeta potential of hydrolysis precipitates under fixed pH conditions. The increase in Zeta potential with the increase in dosage under uncontrolled pH conditions was due to the pH depression caused by coagulant addition. Al-Ferron research indicated that the hydrolysis precipitates of AlCl3 were composed of amorphous AI(OH)3 precipitates, but those of PACA113 and PACA130 were composed of aggregates of Al-13 and Al-30, respectively. Al3+ was the most un-stable species in coagulants, and its hydrolysis was remarkably influenced by solution pH. Al-13 and Al-30 species were very stable, and solution pH and aging had little effect on the chemical species of their hydrolysis products. The research method involving coagulant hydrolysis precipitates based on Al-Ferron reaction kinetics was studied in detail. The Al species classification based on complex reaction kinetic of hydrolysis precipitates and Ferron reagent was different from that measured in a conventional coagulant assay using the Al--Ferron method. The chemical composition of Al-a, Al-b and Al-c depended on coagulant and solution pH. The Al-b measured in the current case was different from Keggin Al-13, and the high Alb content in the AlCl3 hydrolysis precipitates could not used as testimony that most of the Al3+ Was converted to highly charged Al-13 species during AlCl3 coagulation.

On the acid-base stability of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum coagulants

The acid-base stabilities of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during aging and after dosing into water were studied systematically using batch and flow-through acid-base titration experiments. The acid decomposition rates of both Al-13 and Al-30 increase rapidly with the decrease in solution pH. The acid decompositions of Al-13 and Al-30 with respect to H+ concentration are composed of two parallel first-order and second-order reactions, and the reaction orders are 1.169 and 1.005, respectively. The acid decomposition rates of Al-13 and Al-30 increase slightly when the temperature increases from 20 to ca. 35 A degrees C, but decrease when the temperature increases further. Al-30 is more stable than Al-13 in acidic solution, and the stability difference increases as the pH decreases. Al-30 is more possible to become the dominant species in polyaluminum coagulants than Al-13. The acid catalyzed decomposition and followed by recrystallization to form bayerite is one of the main processes that are responsible for the decrease of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during storage. The deprotonation and polymerization of Al-13 and Al-30 depend on solution pH. The hydrolysis products are positively charged, and consist mainly of repeated Al-13 and Al-30 units rather than amorphous Al(OH)(3) precipitates. Al-30 is less stable than Al-13 upon alkaline hydrolysis. Al-13 is stable at pH < 5.9, while Al-30 lose one proton at the pH 4.6-5.75. Al-13 and Al-30 lose respective 5 and 10 protons and form [Al-13] (n) and [Al-30] (n) clusters within the pH region of 5.9-6.25 and 5.75-6.65, respectively. This indicates that Al-30 is easier to aggregate than Al-13 at the acidic side, but [Al-13] (n) is much easier to convert to Alsol-gel than [Al-30] (n) . Al-30 possesses better characteristics than Al-13 when used as coagulant because the hydrolysis products of Al-30 possess higher charges than that of Al-13, and [Al-30] (n) clusters exist within a wider pH range.

Mg-Al-Mn-RE系合金组织与性能研究

利用金属型铸造制备了Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-xRE (x = 0~4, wt%，RE = Ce, Nd, Sm, Y和(CeLa)混合稀土)系列合金，研究了铸态合金的组织和力学性能。利用轧制和挤压技术对优化出的合金进行了变形加工处理，并研究了合金加工后的组织和力学性能。 对于铸态合金，稀土元素不仅可以细化合金的晶粒，而且形成不同类型的Al-RE化合物，含Ce的合金中生成Al11Ce3相，含Nd或Sm的合金中，主要生成Al11Nd3 (Al11Sm3)相和少量的Al2Nd (Al2Sm)相，含Y的合金中生成Al2Y相。另外，添加稀土可以改变Mg17Al12相的形貌，使其变得更加细小、弥散。添加适量的稀土可以明显提高铸态合金在室温和150℃下的力学性能，Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1.5Ce, Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Nd和Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Sm合金在各自的体系中具有最佳的综合力学性能。合金力学性能提高的主要原因是细晶强化、Al-RE化合物第二相强化以及减弱Mg17Al12相对合金高温力学性能的不利影响。 对Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-(1.0, 1.5, 2.0)Ce，Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-2Nd，Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1.5(CeLa)和Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-3Y合金在300-400℃下进行了热轧制或挤压变形，与铸态合金相比，轧制和挤压合金具有更高的力学性能。轧制合金的室温抗拉强度为290-340 MPa，较铸态合金提高约50％，屈服强度约为210-260 MPa，较铸态合金提高约2倍。挤压态合金的抗拉强度为260-270 MPa，屈服强度为160-190MPa，伸长率为20-22％；150℃的力学性能也得到了明显改善。 结合热力学计算、合金化元素之间的电负性差、化合物相的生成焓数据以及相图计算，阐述了稀土化合物相的生成机制，稀土元素与Al元素之间的电负性差大于其与Mg之间的电负性差，且Al-RE相的生成焓远低于Mg-RE和Mg-Al相的生成焓，因此在Mg-Al合金中加入RE后，RE优先与Al形成Al-RE化合物。从晶粒细化、化合物强化相的生成和演变、变形加工处理的位错交互作用等方面讨论了合金的强化机制，认为细晶强化、第二相强化及形变强化是提高合金力学性能的主要机制。

用电动势方法测定Pr-Al、Nd-Al体系的热力学性质和Nd-Al合金组成

本文测定了如下电池 Pr(固)|KCl-NaCl+2%PrCl_3|Pr-Al(X_(Pr) = 0.09-0.19) Pr-Al(X_(Pr) = 0.09-0.19)|KCl-NaCl+2% PrCl_3|Pr-Al(待测) Nd(固)|KCl-NaCl+2%NdCl_3|Nd-Al(X_(Nd) = 0.09-0.19) Nd-Al(X_(Nd) = 0.09-0.19)|KCl-NaCl+2%NdCl_3|Nd-Al(待测)的电动势与温度，待测合金组成的关系。温度范围是670－850 ℃，组成范围是Pr或Nd的摩尔分数从0.01到0.190。在此基础上计算了Pr-Al、Nd-Al合金熔体中各金属的活度、偏摩尔自由能、偏摩尔熵以及合金体系的摩尔混自由能、摩尔混合熵和摩尔混合焓，计算了合金相图的部分液相线温度和不同温度下PrAl_4、NdAl_4的标准生成自由能。在空气和氯气混合气氛下对电池Nd-Al(X_(dd) = 0.09-0.19)|KCl-NaCl+NdCl_3|Nd-Al(待测)的电动势与待测合金组成、电解质中NdCl_3含量的关系进行了探讨。为在电解Nd-Al合金过程中快速、近似分析合金组成提供了依据。在此基础上提出了一种快速、近似的分析方法。