Upper crustal structure of Madeira Island revealed from ambient noise tomography

We present the first image of the Madeira upper crustal structure, using ambient seismic noise tomography. 16 months of ambient noise, recorded in a dense network of 26 seismometers deployed across Madeira, allowed reconstructing Rayleigh wave Green's functions between receivers. Dispersion analysis was performed in the short period band from 1.0 to 4.0 s. Group velocity measurements were regionalized to obtain 2D tomographic images, with a lateral resolution of 2.0 km in central Madeira. Afterwards, the dispersion curves, extracted from each cell of the 2D group velocity maps, were inverted as a function of depth to obtain a 3D shear wave velocity model of the upper crust, from the surface to a depth of 2.0 km. The obtained 3D velocity model reveals features throughout the island that correlates well with surface geology and island evolution.

Dramaturgia do aqui e agora: presença, recepção e sentido no corpo do ator

The actor is an actor during all the phases of creation and development of his character. (S) He goes beyond the moment of interpreting. In this sense, in her (his) daily life, the actor may use her (his) potential to extract from reality the necessary elements for the work of creation. This is a theoretical research which focus on the concept of presence in the actor s work, stretching the concept beyond the scene, encompassing different components such as the body, the word, the silence, the technique and the acting as the actor s stance in regards to his own reality. The objective of such stance is to integrate him (her) self in the environment, balancing his (hers) inner life with the outside life flow. To reach this objective, the research drew theoretical resources from the concept of presence in the actor s work according to BROOK, BARBA, GROTOWSKI and MNOUCHKINE and the studies on reception theory in ISER, 1996; GUMBRECHT, 2010. Thus, the dialogue between reader and actor high lights both as receivers in this work. A practical description of a street theater Kamchàtka show, featured by the Kamchàtka Company is used as an example of the research on the presence. The elements localized in this show are: play, listening, word, silence, meaning, relationship with here and now and the effects of the said presence

Monitoramento por microcontrolador do cultivo de spirulina em fotobiorreator raceway

A oportunidade de produção de biomassa microalgal tem despertado interesse pelos diversos destinos que a mesma pode ter, seja na produção de bioenergia, como fonte de alimento ou servindo como produto da biofixação de dióxido de carbono. Em geral, a produção em larga escala de cianobactérias e microalgas é feita com acompanhamento através de análises físicoquímicas offline. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a concentração celular em fotobiorreator raceway para produção de biomassa microalgal usando técnicas de aquisição digital de dados e controle de processos, pela aquisição de dados inline de iluminância, concentração de biomassa, temperatura e pH. Para tal fim foi necessário construir sensor baseado em software capaz de determinar a concentração de biomassa microalgal a partir de medidas ópticas de intensidade de radiação monocromática espalhada e desenvolver modelo matemático para a produção da biomassa microalgal no microcontrolador, utilizando algoritmo de computação natural no ajuste do modelo. Foi projetado, construído e testado durante cultivos de Spirulina sp. LEB 18, em escala piloto outdoor, um sistema autônomo de registro de informações advindas do cultivo. Foi testado um sensor de concentração de biomassa baseado na medição da radiação passante. Em uma segunda etapa foi concebido, construído e testado um sensor óptico de concentração de biomassa de Spirulina sp. LEB 18 baseado na medição da intensidade da radiação que sofre espalhamento pela suspensão da cianobactéria, em experimento no laboratório, sob condições controladas de luminosidade, temperatura e fluxo de suspensão de biomassa. A partir das medidas de espalhamento da radiação luminosa, foi construído um sistema de inferência neurofuzzy, que serve como um sensor por software da concentração de biomassa em cultivo. Por fim, a partir das concentrações de biomassa de cultivo, ao longo do tempo, foi prospectado o uso da plataforma Arduino na modelagem empírica da cinética de crescimento, usando a Equação de Verhulst. As medidas realizadas no sensor óptico baseado na medida da intensidade da radiação monocromática passante através da suspensão, usado em condições outdoor, apresentaram baixa correlação entre a concentração de biomassa e a radiação, mesmo para concentrações abaixo de 0,6 g/L. Quando da investigação do espalhamento óptico pela suspensão do cultivo, para os ângulos de 45º e 90º a radiação monocromática em 530 nm apresentou um comportamento linear crescente com a concentração, apresentando coeficiente de determinação, nos dois casos, 0,95. Foi possível construir um sensor de concentração de biomassa baseado em software, usando as informações combinadas de intensidade de radiação espalhada nos ângulos de 45º e 135º com coeficiente de determinação de 0,99. É factível realizar simultaneamente a determinação inline de variáveis do processo de cultivo de Spirulina e a modelagem cinética empírica do crescimento do micro-organismo através da equação de Verhulst, em microcontrolador Arduino.

A novel Compound Elliptical-type Concentrator for parabolic primaries with tubular receiver

The Parabolic Trough (PT) is the most used concentrator in CSP (Concentrated Solar Power). However, this concentrator technology is facing a significant challenge to increase its overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, other low-cost solutions such as Fresnel concentrators are also being perceived as potentially attractive. In order to achieve the lower cost goal, new optical solutions can be considered, in parallel with improvements coming, for instance, through the use of new materials or manufacturing solutions. But conventional PTs can still be improved to yield, for instance, higher concentration values, a possible starting point for higher conversion efficiency. These new solutions, in turn, can also be useful for other technologies and applications (Fresnel Concentrators, Central Tower Receivers, etc.). However it is easier to develop and test these solutions in conjunction with parabolic primaries (continuum primary). And that is the topic of this paper: to present a new Compound Elliptical-type Concentrator for a parabolic primary with a tubular receiver. A comparison is made between this new concentrator and two other concentrators (a conventional PT concentrator and a XX SMS (Simultaneous Multiple Surface) concentrator), as well as a calculation of the total amount of collected energy (kW h) for a particular location, Faro (Portugal). The paper ends with a discussion of the results obtained, their impact and possible applications in the future.

Gestural communication of music structure during solo classical piano performance

The production and perception of music is a multimodal activity involving auditory, visual and conceptual processing, integrating these with prior knowledge and environmental experience. Musicians utilise expressive physical nuances to highlight salient features of the score. The question arises within the literature as to whether performers’ non-technical, non-sound-producing movements may be communicatively meaningful and convey important structural information to audience members and co-performers. In the light of previous performance research (Vines et al., 2006, Wanderley, 2002, Davidson, 1993), and considering findings within co-speech gestural research and auditory and audio-visual neuroscience, this thesis examines the nature of those movements not directly necessary for the production of sound, and their particular influence on audience perception. Within the current research 3D performance analysis is conducted using the Vicon 12- camera system and Nexus data-processing software. Performance gestures are identified as repeated patterns of motion relating to music structure, which not only express phrasing and structural hierarchy but are consistently and accurately interpreted as such by a perceiving audience. Gestural characteristics are analysed across performers and performance style using two Chopin preludes selected for their diverse yet comparable structures (Opus 28:7 and 6). Effects on perceptual judgements of presentation modes (visual-only, auditory-only, audiovisual, full- and point-light) and viewing conditions are explored. This thesis argues that while performance style is highly idiosyncratic, piano performers reliably generate structural gestures through repeated patterns of upper-body movement. The shapes and locations of phrasing motions are identified particular to the sample of performers investigated. Findings demonstrate that despite the personalised nature of the gestures, performers use increased velocity of movements to emphasise musical structure and that observers accurately and consistently locate phrasing junctures where these patterns and variation in motion magnitude, shape and velocity occur. By viewing performance motions in polar (spherical) rather than cartesian coordinate space it is possible to get mathematically closer to the movement generated by each of the nine performers, revealing distinct patterns of motion relating to phrasing structures, regardless of intended performance style. These patterns are highly individualised both to each performer and performed piece. Instantaneous velocity analysis indicates a right-directed bias of performance motion variation at salient structural features within individual performances. Perceptual analyses demonstrate that audience members are able to accurately and effectively detect phrasing structure from performance motion alone. This ability persists even for degraded point-light performances, where all extraneous environmental information has been removed. The relative contributions of audio, visual and audiovisual judgements demonstrate that the visual component of a performance does positively impact on the over- all accuracy of phrasing judgements, indicating that receivers are most effective in their recognition of structural segmentations when they can both see and hear a performance. Observers appear to make use of a rapid online judgement heuristics, adjusting response processes quickly to adapt and perform accurately across multiple modes of presentation and performance style. In line with existent theories within the literature, it is proposed that this processing ability may be related to cognitive and perceptual interpretation of syntax within gestural communication during social interaction and speech. Findings of this research may have future impact on performance pedagogy, computational analysis and performance research, as well as potentially influencing future investigations of the cognitive aspects of musical and gestural understanding.

Trajetórias de inserção e RSI : impactos dos trabalhos da instituição Salvaterra

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Sociais, 30 de Setembro de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.

Leonardo da Vinci: Ingeniero

Leonardo comprendió y utilizó el auténtico método experimental un siglo antes de que Francis Bacon filosofase sobre él, y antes de que Galileo lo pusiese en práctica. Leonardo no escribió tratados metodológicos, pero en sus cuadernos de apuntes nos dejó esparcidas sus ideas. Decía que las matemáticas, la geometría y la aritmética, podían llegar a la certeza absoluta dentro de su propio ámbito, pues manejan conceptos mentales ideales de valor universal. En cambio, la verdadera ciencia (refiriéndose a las ciencias empíricas), se basa en la observación; si pudiera aplicarse a ella el razonamiento matemático podría lograrse mayor grado de certeza, siendo hoy en día, uno de los pasos fundamentales del método científico. "No hay certeza en la ciencia si no se puede aplicar una de las ciencias matemáticas". En sus apuntes, Leonardo dejó constancia de la importancia que concede al método en la investigación (adelantándose a autores de la Modernidad tales como Descartes) y los preceptos que establece en su método en nada difieren de las modernas definiciones que hoy utilizamos para hablar del método científico. Podemos ver en estos textos una clara definición de los procesos de inducción y deducción que hoy explicamos en nuestras clases de Física o Filosofía. Una de las cuestiones que aborda la presente tesis es por qué autores de reputado prestigio, historiadores de la ciencia y de la tecnología, no conceden a Leonardo su verdadero valor como Ingeniero. Por citar algunos ejemplos, gran parte del famoso libro de “Los ingenieros del Renacimiento” está dedicado a la vida de Leonardo da Vinci, su carrera de ingeniero, su lado técnico, y su "método", según Bertrand Gille, no existe. Como señala el autor, es inexistente porque Leonardo está dotado de una curiosidad inmensa que desgraciadamente lo lleva a dispersarse, lo cual le impide especializarse en ciertos sectores, y por ende, a erigir los pilares de una investigación metódica. Además, Bertrand Gille indica que, aun si Leonardo Da Vinci lega un número amplio de dibujos a la posteridad, su aporte a nivel de innovaciones técnicas fue mínimo, dado que no brindaba soluciones prácticas viables, pero quedaba de una manera u otra fijado en el espíritu de su tiempo orientado hacia el análisis y la reproducción literal de los dibujos anteriores. George Basalla, catedrático emérito de historia de la técnica en la Universidad de Delaware, publicó “La evolución de la tecnología”, en donde comentó expresamente: “La más famosa colección de máquinas visionarias del Renacimiento no se reveló al público hasta finales del siglo XIX. Estuvo oculta entre los cuaderno personales no publicados de Leonardo da Vinci […]. Muchos de estos artefactos son imposibles tal como se presentan, y pocos, si acaso alguno, influyeron en el ulterior desarrollo tecnológico; sin embargo permiten hacerse una inusual idea de la mente de un gran genio técnico y del tipo de exuberancia tecnológica que había de convertirse en uno de los rasgos distintivos de la civilización occidental”. Observamos cómo una vez más se cuestiona la figura de Leonardo como ingeniero o inventor poco más que de artefactos o artilugios imposibles. Pero que hay de verdad en tales afirmaciones. Precisamente la contestación a esta pregunta es una de las cuestiones que se abordan en la presente tesis. Gran parte de la presente tesis doctoral está dirigida a ordenar todos los temas de carácter ingenieril que Leonardo trató en sus manuscritos y de comprobar fehacientemente y documentalmente consultando las fuentes primarias (sus manuscritos) y los artículos y libros publicados de reconocidos y prestigiosos leonardistas que abordan la cuestión. Hasta qué punto se puede considerar que Leonardo fuera un ingeniero del Renacimiento. Como resumen de lo que se pretende en la presente Tesis Doctoral se enumeran los objetivos que se desean alcanzar. Objetivos: El principal y primer objetivo de la investigación sobre Leonardo es reivindicar su figura como uno de los grandes ingenieros de todas las Historia. “Ser o no ser…ingeniero…esa es la cuestión”. Identificar, analizar y ordenar los principales temas que Leonardo escribió y dibujó sobre Ingeniería Militar, Ingeniería Mecánica, Ingeniería Hidráulica, Ingeniería Civil e Ingeniería Aeronáutica, dispersos por sus manuscritos. Reflexionar sobre la figura del ingeniero hoy día. Investigar las diferentes interpretaciones que ha tenido a lo largo de la historia y elaborar un modelo tridimensional en 3D del famoso automóvil de Leonardo, folio 812 recto del Códice Atlántico.

Evaluation of the GPS Accuracy of Tablets

Augmented Reality (AR) applications often require knowledge of the user’s position in some global coordinate system in order to draw the augmented content to its correct position on the screen. The most common method for coarse positioning is the Global Positioning System (GPS). One of the advantages of GPS is that GPS receivers can be found in almost every modern mobile device. This research was conducted in order to determine the accuracies of different GPS receivers. The tests included seven consumer-grade tablets, three external GPS modules and one professional-grade GPS receiver. All of the devices were tested with both static and mobile measurements. It was concluded that even the cheaper external GPS receivers were notably more accurate than the GPS receivers of the tested tablets. The absolute accuracy of the tablets is difficult to determine from the test results, since the results vary by a large margin between different measurements. The accuracy of the tested tablets in static measurements were between 0.30 meters and 13.75 meters.

El mejor tobogán... o el ingenio matemático de Johann Bernoulli

En la sección de cabeza del número anterior de SUMA habíamos dejado a Galileo sumido en su sutil pero lamentable error de que la curva por la que una bola caería de un punto más alto a otro más bajo en el menor tiempo posible sería un arco de circunferencia que uniese ambos puntos. Johann, el pequeño de los Bernoulli, ya sabía que Galileo estaba equivocado cuando lanzó en el verano de 1696, el reto público, pensando más en provocar a su hermano mayor Jacob que en otra cosa, de encontrar la auténtica curva braquistócrona, la de tiempo más breve posible.

Bull's eye leaky wave antenna for terrestrial and space applications

This work presents the study of Bull's eye antenna designs, a type of leaky wave antenna (LWA), operating in the 60 GHz band. This band emerged as a new standard for specific terrestrial and space applications because the radio spectrumbecomes more congested up to the millimetre-wave band, starting at 30 GHz. Built on existing Bull's eye antenna designs, novel structures were simulated, fabricated and measured, so as to provide more exibility in the implementation of wireless solutions at this frequency. Firstly, the study of a 60 GHz Bull's eye antenna for straightforward integration onto a CubeSat is presented. An investigation of the design is carried out, from the description of the radiation mechanism supported by simulation results, to the radiation pattern measurement of a prototype which provides a gain of 19.1 dBi at boresight. Another design, based on a modified feed structure, uses a microstrip to waveguide transition to provide easier and inexpensive integration of a Bull's eye antenna onto a planar circuit. Secondly, the design of Bull's eye antennas capable of creating beam deflection and multi-beam is presented. In particular, a detail study of the deflection mechanism is proposed, followed by the demonstration of a Bull's eye antenna generating two separate beams at ±16° away from the boresight. In addition, a novel mechanically steerable Bull's eye antenna, based on the division of the corrugated area in paired sectors is presented. A prototype was fabricated and measured. It generated double beams at ±8° and ±15° from the boresight, and a single boresight beam. Thirdly, a Bull's eye antenna capable of generating two simultaneous orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes l = 3 is proposed. The design is based on a circular travelling wave resonator and would allow channel capacity increase through OAM multiplexing. An improved design based on two stacked OAM Bull's eye antennas capable of producing four orthogonal OAM modes l = (±3,±13) simultaneously is presented. A novel receiving scheme based on discretely sampled partial aperture receivers (DSPAR) is then introduced. This solution could provide a lower windage and a lower cost of implementation than current whole or partial continuous aperture.

Green's function retrieval through cross-correlations in a two -dimensional complex reverberating medium

International audience

Effect of ray and speed perturbations on ionospheric tomography by over-the-horizon radar: A new method

International audience

Ray-theoretical modeling of secondary microseism P-waves

Secondary microseism sources are pressure fluctuations close to the ocean surface. They generate acoustic P-waves that propagate in water down to the ocean bottom where they are partly reflected, and partly transmitted into the crust to continue their propagation through the Earth. We present the theory for computing the displacement power spectral density of secondary microseism P-waves recorded by receivers in the far field. In the frequency domain, the P-wave displacement can be modeled as the product of (1) the pressure source, (2) the source site effect that accounts for the constructive interference of multiply reflected P-waves in the ocean, (3) the propagation from the ocean bottom to the stations, (4) the receiver site effect. Secondary microseism P-waves have weak amplitudes, but they can be investigated by beamforming analysis. We validate our approach by analyzing the seismic signals generated by Typhoon Ioke (2006) and recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network. Back projecting the beam onto the ocean surface enables to follow the source motion. The observed beam centroid is in the vicinity of the pressure source derived from the ocean wave model WAVEWATCH IIIR. The pressure source is then used for modeling the beam and a good agreement is obtained between measured and modeled beam amplitude variation over time. This modeling approach can be used to invert P-wave noise data and retrieve the source intensity and lateral extent.

O impacto das telenovelas brasileiras nos luandenses

Vivemos uma era em que os distintos pontos geográficos do globo se tornaram mais próximos em virtude do estreitamento proporcionado pelo profundo avanço tecnológico dos meios de transporte, mas também pela evolução vertiginosa das novas tecnologias de comunicação que têm permitido fazer com que eventos ocorridos numa determinada região do planeta sejam vistos num outro ponto geográfico, com diferença de apenas algumas horas ou mesmo em tempo real. Graças a esse avanço tecnológico e ao consequente desenvolvimento do processo comercial de transmissão e receção de sinal de televisão por satélite e/ou por cabo, a par do veloz fluxo de informação, são também disponibilizados aos recetores conteúdos de entretenimento que refletem práticas culturais com características marcadamente identitárias, de outras sociedades. Considerando que determinadas condicionantes históricas e económicas do mundo não possibilitam um fluxo bidirecional dos referidos produtos televisivos e o facto de as empresas prestadoras destes serviços se dedicarem exclusivamente à venda de produtos, cujos conteúdos retratam práticas culturais de determinados países (em melhores condições de desenvolvimento económico e tecnológico) existe a possibilidade de se estar diante de um processo de difusão cultural e de aculturação de que são alvo os cidadãos dos países recetores dos referidos conteúdos. Este trabalho pretende efetuar uma análise do impacto das telenovelas brasileiras no comportamento dos luandenses, baseando-se numa pesquisa desenvolvida nos sete municípios da Província de Luanda. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam a presença de componentes culturais brasileiras em práticas sociais dos luandenses há várias gerações e mostram o papel transformador que as telenovelas brasileiras continuam a desempenhar nesta sociedade. A ausência nos canais de televisão locais de mensagens e imagens das representações endógenas favorece a apropriação de práticas culturais exógenas emitidas pelas produções brasileiras e a sua ressignificação no quotidiano local.

Una Epistemología de la matematización del movimiento: caso de predicción y variación con la serie de Taylor y diferencias finitas

El estudio de predicción y variación de R. Cantoral (2001), así como la evolución a través de los marcos epistémícos del movimiento de: Aristóteles, Galileo y Newton (de la predicción de un estado conociendo un estado de facto Muñoz, 2000), proporcionan la base epistemológica para una epistemología inicial de la matematización del movimiento, y la búsqueda de los mecanismos de transición del binomio de Newton a la serie de Taylor; para ello revisamos textos antiguos, artículos relacionados con la investigación y textos escolares vigentes. Lo anterior nos proporcionó referentes para analizar la construcción de significados con los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, así como incorporar contextos físicos donde las estrategias vertidas por los estudiantes para resolver problemas propios de la física, son de naturaleza tal que las ideas de cambio y variación están presentes (Solís, 1999). Nuestros resultados permitirán que los mecanismos de transición entre el binomio de Newton y la serie de Taylor profundicen las cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas para establecer la reorganización del discurso matemático escolar desde la matematización del movimiento y considerando como eje organizador la noción de predicción.