Policy Changes to the Federal and State Management of Subsistence Hunting and Fishing in Alaska

Subsistence in Alaska is currently being impacted by naturally occurring factors such as global warming, species migration shifts, and the declination of fishery and wildlife populations. Not only are external factors pressuring the debate, management strategies from the dual management operation appear to have failed. The current national focus has been centered on federal policy changes regarding subsistence. This project extends the federal subsistence review process into the state management of subsistence and provides practical solutions for enhancing both policy programs.

Cetáceos en la Reserva Marina de las Islas Columbretes (Mediterráneo noroccidental): 20 años de avistamientos oportunistas

En el presente trabajo se recopilan veinte años de observaciones realizadas por los servicios de vigilancia de la Reserva Marina y Reserva Natural de las Islas Columbretes, así como aquellas notificadas por embarcaciones de recreo y pesca, desde la creación de la reserva en 1990. Las observaciones fueron realizadas durante todo el año en el interior de la Reserva Marina e inmediaciones. Por avistamiento se ha anotado la especie, el tamaño de grupo, hora y situación aproximada. Para cada especie se ha analizado la presencia a lo largo de los meses del año, la distancia a las islas y el tamaño de los grupos. Se han obtenido datos de un total de 366 observaciones y 4928 individuos. La especie más frecuente ha sido el delfín mular Tursiops truncatus con el 71 % de las observaciones totales, seguida por el rorcual común Balaenoptera physalus (20 %), delfín listado Stenella coeruleoalba (5 %), delfín común Delphinus delphis (1.4 %), y con porcentajes inferiores al 1%: calderón común Globicephala melas, calderón gris Grampus griseus, cachalote Physeter catodon y orca Orcinus orca. La presencia constante de delfín mular en la Reserva Marina durante estos 20 años es una evidencia de que la protección de estas aguas ha contribuido a la conservación de esta especie en la zona. Por otra parte, las observaciones de rorcual común al este de la Reserva Marina indican la existencia de una zona de paso de los individuos en su migración latitudinal.

Fish diversity and traditional fishing methods in semiarid irrigated system in the Bajo Vinalopó region, Southeastern Spain

The aim of this paper is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the importance of the fish fauna in the wetlands and coastal lagoons of the Bajo Vinalopó region (Alicante, South eastern Spain) and the ecological, historical and cultural value of the traditional knowledge on fishing maintained by local people. We have compiled data from different information sources: (1) the revision of historical archives, (2) personal interviews and collaborative research, and (3) ecological and water quality data. The results show that the area sustains important fish fauna diversity (17 species) and that local people have inherited a considerable traditional knowledge on fishing methods (11 modalities), on the maintenance and sound management of the water system and on the ecology and behaviour of fish. We conclude that a comprehensive consideration of all these ecological, historical and socio-cultural aspects related to fish and fishing shows clearly the value of this ecological and cultural heritage and provides a necessary base for a sustainable management of the area.

Open Season for Data Fishing on the Web: The Challenges of the US PRISM Programme for the EU. CEPS Policy Brief No. 293, 18 June 2013

The revelation of the top-secret US intelligence-led PRISM Programme has triggered wide-ranging debates across Europe. Press reports have shed new light on the electronic surveillance ‘fishing expeditions’ of the US National Security Agency and the FBI into the world’s largest electronic communications companies. This Policy Brief by a team of legal specialists and political scientists addresses the main controversies raised by the PRISM affair and the policy challenges that it poses for the EU. Two main arguments are presented: First, the leaks over the PRISM programme have undermined the trust that EU citizens have in their governments and the European institutions to safeguard and protect their privacy; and second, the PRISM affair raises questions regarding the capacity of EU institutions to draw lessons from the past and to protect the data of its citizens and residents in the context of transatlantic relations. The Policy Brief puts forward a set of policy recommendations for the EU to follow and implement a robust data protection strategy in response to the affair.