1000 resultados para Corportamento alimentar


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Dentre as competências da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) estão a promoção da nutrição apropriada e os cuidados de saúde materno-infantil. A alimentação e a nutrição são requisitos básicos para a promoção e a proteção da saúde e o respeito a esses direitos possibilitam o pleno crescimento e desenvolvimento humano. O desmame precoce e algumas práticas de alimentação complementar ainda são preocupações dentro da realidade brasileira. Objetivou-se elaborar plano de ação a fim de capacitar os agentes comunitários de saúde para orientação das famílias sobre as corretas práticas alimentares no cuidado ao lactente. O estudo se justifica pela alta incidência de práticas alimentares inadequadas no cuidado ao lactente existente na área de abrangência da equipe de saúde Tejuco 801. Procedimento metodológico seguiu as orientações do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional e da realização de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura. O estudo possibilitou a criação de um projeto exeqüível de intervenção para a capacitação dos ACS sobre o tema e propôs a criação de um grupo de orientação familiar. Pretende-se com essas medidas possibilitar uma redução dos índices de erros alimentares do lactente praticados na área de abrangência da ESF Tejuco 801.

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No Brasil mais de 65 milhões de pessoas, 40% da população, estão com excesso de peso, enquanto 10 milhões são considerados obesos. Os números avançam rapidamente entre todas as idades e classes sociais. A obesidade é uma doença crônica multifatorial estando associada a diversas outras patologias crônicas e maior taxa de mortalidade. Na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) equipe "XXIII SAUDE PARA VOCE" essa patologia não é abordada em nenhum método de estimativa rápida e o diagnóstico situacional revelou que o principal problema da área se tratava da baixa adesão dos hipertensos e diabéticos aos tratamentos propostos. Assim, este estudo objetivou propor um plano de intervenção de cuidados para pessoas obesas inscritas na ESF Saúde para Você, com vistas à melhoria alimentar e de atividades físicas na população em geral. Para fundamentar o plano, foi revisão bibliográfica na Base de dados da SciELO e Programas do Ministério da saúde com os descritores: obesidade, fator de risco, atenção primária à saúde e alimentação saudável. O plano foi construído com base No Planejamento Estratégico Situacional.Foram elaboradas propostas de intervenção para os nós críticos relacionados com os altos índices de obesidade: hábitos de vida não saudáveis, baixa escolaridade da população, ausência ou pouca de informação sobre a obesidade e programas voltados para a prevenção e tratamento da mesma, baixa condição financeira para adquirir os alimentos saudáveis propostos pelos profissionais da equipe. Em cada nó crítico foi criado um projeto definindo seus responsáveis, recursos necessários e produto final esperado. Espera-se que ao final desse projeto seja observada uma melhora no nível da obesidade e das condições de vida e saúde dessa população

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CONTEXT: Intestinal constipation - a common symptom among the general population - is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to an improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during evacuation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by manometric data, the anal pressure variation at rest, during evacuation effort by using the Valsalva maneuver and forced post-expiratory apnea in subjects with secondary constipation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (19 females - 90.4%) with a mean age of 47.5 years old (23-72) were studied. The diagnosis was performed using anorectal manometry, with a catheter containing eight channels disposed at the axial axis, measuring the proximal (1) and distal (2) portions of the anal orifice. The elevation of the pressure values in relation to the resting with the evacuation effort was present in all patients. The Agachan score was used for clinical evaluation of constipation. The variables studied were: mean anal pressure of the anal orifice for 20 seconds at rest, the effort of evacuation using Valsalva maneuver and the effort of evacuation during apnea after forced expiration, as well as the area under the curve of the manometric tracing at moments Valsalva and apnea. RESULTS: The analysis of the mean values of the anal pressure variation at rest evidenced difference between proximal and distal channels (P = 0.007), independent of the moment and tendency to differ during moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.06). The mean of values of the area under the manometric tracing curve showed differences between moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.0008), either at the proximal portion or at the distal portion of the anal orifice. CONCLUSION: The effort of evacuation associated with postexpiratory apnea, when compared with the effort associated with the Valsalva maneuver, provides lower elevation of anal pressure at rest by the parameter area under the curve.

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The difficulty in adapting European dairy cows breeds in Brazil affect considerably the milk production sector. Brazilian climatic conditions are not totally favorable and the development of new tecnologies is needed for the animals express their genetic potential, as well as their best feed conversion. An economical analysis of the applied investment in the free-stall climatization equipment in dairy housing, for estimating studies related to profit, possibility of return investment as well as time for this return is necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of climatization investment in the milk production process and analyze the economical aspect of this investment. There were used 470 high productive dairy cows with genetic and morphologic homogeneous characteristics, and analyzed in two similar periods. Investment calculations were done using Excell®. The results were satisfactory and the invested capital was proved to return to the producer in a short term, 57 days.

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We studied the feeding behavior of bats and their role in the seed dispersal of Vismia cayennensis in Manaus region, Amazonas State, northern Brazil. The characteristics of the plant and its fruits fit the chiropterocory syndrome. Five species of phyllostomid bats fed on Vismia fruits: Sturnira lilium, Sturnira tildae, Artibeus concolor, Carollia perspicillata and Rhinophylla pumilio. Apparently there is a relationship between flock foraging behavior and fruit availability in early night. The feeding behavior was similar for all bat species, varying with the presentation mode of the fruits. Seed germination tests and the distributional patterns of the plants indicate that bats are the dispersers of V. cayennensis.

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Prey size is an important factor in food consumption. In studies of feeding ecology, prey items are usually measured individually using calipers or ocular micrometers. Among amphibians and reptiles, there are species that feed on large numbers of small prey items (e.g. ants, termites). This high intake makes it difficult to estimate prey size consumed by these animals. We addressed this problem by developing and evaluating a procedure for subsampling the stomach contents of such predators in order to estimate prey size. Specifically, we developed a protocol based on a bootstrap procedure to obtain a subsample with a precision error of at the most 5%, with a confidence level of at least 95%. This guideline should reduce the sampling effort and facilitate future studies on the feeding habits of amphibians and reptiles, and also provide a means of obtaining precise estimates of prey size.

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Food habits of jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) were studied between November 2000 and November 2001, in a 24.9 km² area of secondary Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantation, in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses of 26 fecal and regurgitate samples, obtained over a stretch of 570.1 km, showed the consumption of 19 prey items and 74 prey occurrences. Small mammals were the most frequent food item (42.5%), followed by birds (21%), reptiles (14%) and medium-sized mammals (3%). The percent occurrence (PO) suggests that the diet consisted mainly of small rodents (30%) and birds (21%). We recorded for the first time the predation of Viperidae snakes by P. yagouaroundi. Although having a large list of items and range of dietary niche breadths (Bsta = 0.76), our data show that jaguarundi prey mainly on small vertebrates (mammals, birds or reptiles), and even in tall tropical forests or eucalypt plantations, it preys mostly on animals that come to, or live on, the ground.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between quantitative ultrasonography at hand phalanges (QUS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and between these methods with food intake and history of bone fractures. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:After two years of follow up of 270 schoolchildren, 10 of them, who showed bone mass below - 2 SD in QUS, were included in the present study. Laboratory results and DXA data were analyzed. RESULTS: Bone mass evaluated by DXA at L1-L4 ranged from -2.8 to -1.1 SDS, and whole body bone mass, from -2.9 to -1.2 SDS. Three children had history of non-pathological bone fractures. Dietary assessment showed low intake of calcium in 10 cases, of phosphorus in 6, and of vitamin D in 8 cases. There were no differences among the cases of bone mass below-2 SD in any of the three used methods. There was no association between history of bone fractures and food intake, and between these evaluations and bone mass. CONCLUSION: In this small group of schoolchildren there was an association between the methods QUS and DXA. However, there was no association between bone mass and the history of bone fractures, or calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D intake.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física