History of the monotype corporation

This important new publication charts the history of the British Monotype Corporation in its significant years from 1897 to 1992. Its three sections cover the Corporation���s business history, typeface design history, and the technical history of Monotype���s composing machines. Written and edited by leading business and type industry experts, this is an indispensable reference for typographers and type designers, and for technology and business historians.

IHRM and expatriation in Japanese MNCs: HRM practices and their impact on adjustment and job performance

Studies of international human resource management (IHRM) have pointed out that Japanese multinational companies (MNCs) tend to use more parent-country nationals (PCNs) than do western MNCs. The ethnocentric staffing policies imply that the management of expatriation has a greater influence on the success of Japanese MNCs. We use survey data from 149 Japanese repatriates to examine the relationship between IHRM practices ��� selection, preparation and corporate support ��� and expatriate adjustment and job performance, as well as identify differences by the location of assignment. We find that selection criteria, language ability and familiarity with local cultures are positively related to work adjustment, and that leadership and relational abilities are slightly associated with job performance though there were no significant relationships between considerations for family situations and adjustment or job performance. The results also reveal that HRM practices while abroad, in particular the interactive exchange of information between expatriates and the headquarters, have a significant influence. Pre-departure preparation programs are not related to the dependent variables. The data also suggests that living and working in China is a particular problem for Japanese expatriates.

Reverse transfers of innovation and national development: evidence from Brazilian subsidiaries

The search for innovation has become an important motivation for the internationalization of companies in emerging countries. In that context, this study tests the impact that a nation���s development has on whether subsidiaries transfer innovation of products or that of processes. Survey data collected from 73 subsidiaries of Brazilian companies indicate that companies located in developed markets tend to transfer more product-oriented innovations than do those based in emerging countries. Furthermore, the size and age of a subsidiary has an impact on the transfer process. The larger and younger the subsidiary, the more likely a company is to favor the flow of product innovation into its headquarters. The level of national development was not identified as an influence on the flow of process innovation.

Grafisk profilering med praktisk till��mpning p�� Rookiefestivalen

This degree project includes both a theoretic component and a practical component within the graphicprofiling domain. Literature on graphic design has been studied for the theoretical part and the achievedknowledge has been used for the practical part. The project has been to produce graphic materialfor ���Rookiefestivalen��� in Hultsfred.In modern society it is important for a corporation to distinguish itself from others by using a graphicprofile. Through using a graphic profile the company can have an affect on how it is perceived byothers. This is true not only for corporations as both organisations, societies and other events will benefitfrom the use of a graphic profile.The material that���s been produced is not within the traditional boundaries of graphic profiling. It israther marketing material for the festival. The graphic profile was applied to a variety of things suchas posters, flyers, ad���s and the festival���s website. The result is to be seen in the appendix of this degreeproject and on the Internet: http://www.rookierockparty.se

J��mf��relse av europeiska fotbollsklubbars logotyper : En visuell inneh��llsanalys

Sedan fotbollens b��rjan 1863 har sporten idag vuxit till en m��ngmiljardindustri. Detta inneb��r att klubbarna framst��lls mer som f��retag d��r den visuella identiteten ��r en viktig faktor n��r det kommer till marknadsf��ring. Syftet med denna studie ��r att j��mf��ra 98 europeiska fotbollsklubbars logotyper fr��n fem olika ligor f��r att hitta samband och skillnader i utformningen mellan l��nder och ligor. Resultatet sammanfattades i form av generiska logotyper f��r respektive liga. De 98 klubbarna h��mtades ur de fem europeiska ligor som 2014 hade st��rst tv-int��kter. Logotyperna samlades in genom bilds��kningar via Google. Logotyperna sorterades efter respektive liga och ��versk��dades f��r att definiera l��mpliga kategorier f��r en visuell inneh��llsanalys. Den visuella inneh��llsanalysen visade att ligorna skiljer sig n��got vad betr��ffar logotypernas utformning, men att de har vissa gemensamma grundl��ggande drag.

The Determinants of Recovery Rates on Defaulted Corporate Securities: Why do Fallen Angels recover more than Original High Yield Issues?

Regression analysis has shown that recovery rates are determined by a variety of conditions at the time of default. These conditions can be broken into five major categories: (1) a security's seniority within the capital structure of the defaulting firm, (2) the type of default event, (3) firm-specific factors, (4) industry-specific factors, and (5) macroeconomic factors. Expectations of these inputs determine the expected recovery rate if default were to occur, thereby determining credit ratings and security prices. Although it is widely understood how recovery rate estimates influence credit rating assignments (the higher the expected recovery rate, the higher the assigned credit rating), no research, to the best of my knowledge, has investigated the reasons why higher rated securities recover more than lower rated securities in the event of default. Specifically, this paper will empirically investigate why securities originally rated investment grade, fallen angels, recover more than securities originally rated high yield in the event of default.

Too Many Bad Cooks Spoiling the Broth? Effectiveness of NGOs in Addressing Child Labour in El Salvador

The reaction of the first world to the persevering plight of a large part of the third world varies. In response to the sometimes glaring disparities, many international organizations and multinational corporations have recently adopted a pro-development rhetoric with relation to the problem of global poverty. However, the rhetoric rarely translates into action. As David Bacon discusses, leaders of corporations and organizations now tend to conclude their speeches by expressing a desire to reduce the suffering of the third world. However, when it comes to agreeing on specific concessions that could indeed improve the world-wide economic situation, first world countries are reluctant to act. A good example of this type of behavior is the current negotiation of the WTO, the ���development round of Doha,��� in which the United States along with the European Union pressure countries of the developing South to open up their markets, while at the same time refusing to remove or even decrease their own agricultural subsidies. The first world civil society observes the behavior of international organizations and western based multinational corporations as ineffectual. Taking the matter in its own hands, especially in the past couple of decades, this civil society has created a countless number of development-oriented nongovernmental organizations. These are supposed to compensate for the lack of action by international organizations. Development NGOs are believed to be more locally responsive as well as free of business or political considerations in choosing their strategies, and thus generally more efficient than IOs. However, if they really were how they are alleged to be, the problems of the third world would already be ameliorated by a significant amount, if not completely eradicated. Do development-NGOs indeed possess the characteristics that they claim to possess? What is their real affect on human rights? And how effective are they in their work?

Soft money : private foundations of party politics

In the area of campaign financing in federal elections, one of the most controversial issues is that of soft money. Soft money refers to those funds raised by the national party organizations for use on various grassroots and party-building activities. but which are not subject to the restraints of federal campaign finance law. Critics contend that these party-building activitie, such as generic television advertising, voter registration and get-out-the vote drives, provide ancillary benefits to federal candidates and should, therefore, be subject to federal contribution and expenditure limits. Critics further argue that because these funds are not subject to federal law and do benefit federal candidates, the national parties raise monies in amounts and from sources, such as corporations and unions, that are prohibited under federal law. Efforts to gain a better understanding of soft money have been hampered by a lack of data, as the national parties were not required to disclose their soft money receipts and transactions until 1991. The purpose of this study is to analyze data recently made available in an attempt to add the import of empirical evidence to the debate over soft money. The nature, size and timing of soft money contributions are investigated and national party soft money disbursements are examined. The findings suggest that any attempts to reform the soft money system must first consider its compensatory benefits. Most prominently, this includes the extent to which soft money has promoted the resurgence of the national party organizations in the context of election politics.

Ethics in a capitalistic society

The problem of semantics is inherent in any discussion of ethics. The general term "ethics" is itself commonly confused. In addition, systems of ethics must be built upon assumptions, and assumptions are necessarily subject to lengthy debate. These two problems are encountered in my investigation of the ethical practices of the modern business community and to remedy the situation I have taken two steps: the first being an attempt to clarify the meaning of terms used therein;-and the second being a clear description of the assumptions utilized to further my analysis. To satisfy those who would disagree with these assumptions, I have attempted to outline the consequences of differing premises. The first assumption in my discussion is that the capitalistic economy is powered by the motivation supplied by man's self-interest. We are conditioned to basing our courses of action upon an orientation toward gratifying this self-interest. Careers are chosen by blending aptitude, interest, and remuneration. of course, some people are less materially inclined than others, but the average member of our capitalistic society is concerned with the physical rewards derived from his employment. Status and happiness are all-important considerations in pursuing a chosen course of action, yet all too often they are measured in physical terms. The normal self-interest natural to mankind is heightened in capitalism, due to the emphasis placed upon material compensation. Our thinking becomes mechanistic as life devolves into a complex game played by the rules. We are accustomed to performing meaningless or unpleasant duties to fulfill our gratifications. Thought, consequently, interferes with the completion of our everyday routines. We learn quickly not to be outspoken, as the outspoken one threatens the security of his fellow man. The majority of the people are quite willing to accept others views on morality, and indeed this is the sensible thing to do as one does not risk his own neck. The unfortunate consequence of this situation has been the substitution of the legal and jural for the moral and ethical. Our actions are guided by legal considerations and nowhere has this been more evident than in the business community. The large legal departments of modern corporations devote full time to inspecting the legality of corporate actions. The business community has become preoccupied with the law, yet this is necessarily so. Complex, modern, capitalistic society demands an elaborate framework of rules and regulations. Without this framework it would be impossible to have an orderly economy, to say nothing of protecting the best interests of the people. However, the inherent complexities, contradictions, and sometimes unfair aspects of our legal system can tempt men to take things into their own hands. From time to time cases arise where men have broken laws while acting in good faith, and other cases where men have been extremely unethical without being illegal. Examples such as these foster the growth of cynicism, and generally create an antagonistic attitude toward the law on the part of business. My second assumption is that the public, on the whole, has adopted an apathetic attitude toward business morality. when faced with an ethical problem, far too many people choose to cynically assume that, if I don't do it someone else will. "The danger of such an assumption lies in that it eliminates many of the inhibitions that normally would preclude unethical action. The preventative factor in contemplating an unethical act not only lies in it going against the "right course of action", but also in that it would display the actor as one of the few, immoral practitioners. However, if the contemplator feels that many other people follow the same course of action, he would not feel himself to be so conspicuous. These two assumptions underly my entire discussion of modern business ethics., and in my judgment are the two most important causal factors in unethical acts perpetrated by the business community. The future elimination of these factors seems improbable, if not futile, yet there is no reason to consider things worse than they ever have been before. The heightened public interest in business morality undoubtedly lies in part in the fact that examples of corporate malpractice are of such magnitude in scope, and hence more newsworthy.

Effective Data Management Enables Intelligent Utility Management

Instrumentation and automation plays a vital role to managing the water industry. These systems generate vast amounts of data that must be effectively managed in order to enable intelligent decision making. Time series data management software, commonly known as data historians are used for collecting and managing real-time (time series) information. More advanced software solutions provide a data infrastructure or utility wide Operations Data Management System (ODMS) that stores, manages, calculates, displays, shares, and integrates data from multiple disparate automation and business systems that are used daily in water utilities. These ODMS solutions are proven and have the ability to manage data from smart water meters to the collaboration of data across third party corporations. This paper focuses on practical, utility successes in the water industry where utility managers are leveraging instantaneous access to data from proven, commercial off-the-shelf ODMS solutions to enable better real-time decision making. Successes include saving $650,000 / year in water loss control, safeguarding water quality, saving millions of dollars in energy management and asset management. Immediate opportunities exist to integrate the research being done in academia with these ODMS solutions in the field and to leverage these successes to utilities around the world.

A utiliza����o de instrumentos derivativos financeiros por empresas brasileiras

Esta pesquisa qualitativa tem por objetivo avaliar como as empresas n��o-financeiras brasileiras utilizam os chamados instrumentos derivativos ou contratos derivativos. Entende-se por empresas n��o-financeiras aquelas que n��o apresentam como neg��cio principal a atividade de intermedia����o financeira. Esta pesquisa �� baseada em um estudo que vem sendo desenvolvida periodicamente pela Wharton School e incorpora diversas adapta����es visando maior adequa����o ��s caracter��sticas espec��ficas do mercado financeiro brasileiro. Atrav��s de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foram enviados question��rios para os respons��veis pelo departamento financeiro de empresas n��o-financeiras que atuam no Brasil com o objetivo de identificar motivos que os levam a negociar ou n��o os contratos derivativos na gest��o financeira das empresas. Al��m disso, buscou-se tamb��m investigar os resultados esperados pelas empresas com o uso destes instrumentos, os procedimentos de controle e acompanhamento das opera����es com derivativos e as formas de avalia����o de pre��o e de resultados.

Estrat��gias locais e globais na ind��stria automobil��stica brasileira

Este estudo caracteriza as estrat��gias de internacionaliza����o das grandes fabricantes mundiais de ve��culos, caracteriza as estrat��gias adotadas por suas filiais no Brasil e faz um confronto entre estrat��gias locais e internacionais. Atrav��s do estudo de caso de cinco grandes montadoras (General Motors, Volkswagen, Toyota, DaimlerChrysler e Renault-Nissan), mostra-se que as estrat��gias de internacionaliza����o das matrizes dessas empresas s��o muito semelhantes entre si e que as estrat��gias seguidas por suas filiais, que parecem buscar alinh��-las com as estrat��gias das respectivas matrizes, tamb��m se parecem muito. S��o discutidas as implica����es desses achados para o futuro do ramo no Brasil e as oportunidades que esta situa����o apresenta para o pa��s.

O EIS e as novas ferramentas de apoio ao executivo

Os sistemas de apoio ao executivo t��m revolucionado os processos de gest��o. J�� n��o �� poss��vel imaginar a rotina de muitas empresas sem o aux��lio dessa tecnologia. O presente trabalho discute os problemas em determinar as informa����es que o sistema deve tratar, as suas principais caracter��sticas e as expectativas em rela����o aos seus benef��cios para a organiza����o. Com base nos resultados de pesquisa efetuada entre as 500 maiores empresas brasileiras, comparamos as percep����es de benef��cios esperados e obtidos de executivos brasileiros e americanos. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de promover an��lises de custo/benef��cio mais efetivas.

O uso da tecnologia de informa����o para a educa����o a dist��ncia - estudo dos cursos de administra����o de empresas

A dissemina����o da informa����o e o uso de novas tecnologias t��m delineado uma transforma����o nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. Uma parte significativa desta transforma����o est�� relacionada ao uso da educa����o a dist��ncia como forma de atingir novos p��blicos e desenvolver novas metodologias de ensino. Estas transforma����es tamb��m est��o afetando cada vez mais as corpora����es, que tem economizado milh��es de d��lares todos os anos, usando a educa����o a dist��ncia (EAD) para treinar seus empregados de modo mais eficiente e eficaz do que com os m��todos tradicionais. Mas, apesar da maci��a presen��a da EAD na Web, o assunto educa����o ou treinamento a dist��ncia ainda �� pouco conhecido e, at�� certo ponto, incompreendido. A interface entre o ensino/treinamento via Web e as universidades tradicionais ou abertas est�� ainda pouco explorado. O objetivo deste trabalho �� fazer um levantamento comparativo entre os cursos universit��rios que utilizam a educa����o a dist��ncia e os cursos ou treinamentos a dist��ncia utilizados pelas empresas. Buscamos identificar na amostra formas de intera����o e suporte aos alunos semelhantes entre as universidades e as empresas, a fim de reuni-las formando grupos ou segmentos com caracter��sticas similares. Nesta an��lise identificamos tr��s grandes grupos que melhor caracterizam as metodologias adotadas.

O uso da tecnologia da informa����o no varejo brasileiro

A competi����o no varejo tem levado as empresas a uma busca constante por uma maior efici��ncia em seus processos de neg��cio, tanto no ��mbito interno como externo, seja no relacionamento com clientes ou fornecedores. Esta busca da efici��ncia atrav��s da melhoria dos processos tem feito uso intensivo de Tecnologia de Informa����o (TI) nas mais diversas formas. O objetivo deste trabalho �� investigar como est�� o uso da TI no varejo brasileiro em grandes corpora����es, numa vis��o de prop��sitos, contribui����es, facilitadores e obst��culos a partir da percep����o de especialistas (pesquisadores e consultores) e executivos do varejo. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram realizadas entrevistas com 24 especialistas e estudos de casos com executivos de 16 grandes empresas varejistas.