Comparação energética de tijolos comum e sem queima pela análise do ciclo de vida

This work is part of several research related to the plan of design and construction of a sustainable house. The previous researches focused on sustainable materials and it have shown that ceramic material are more interesting to improve the thermal comfort and the reduction of fees and prices of the house, making possible to construct popular home, mainly clay bricks, that have high thermal inertia and low costs, besides the fact that it is easy to find the raw materials in nature and process them. However, a major issue in using clay bricks is that it uses too many energy to be processed during the sintering (burning), a crucial part of the process that assures mechanical resistance. Alternative materials are being proposed by the researchers, as the clay bricks without the sintering mixed with Portland cement, assuring the proper resistance to the brick. Raw materials of cement, however, also need to be thermally processed in rotary kilns, in a process called clinckerization. This research was proposed for comparing the energy used by the two types of bricks and other objectives, in order to determinate which one uses less thermal energy. The intention was to compare the energy used during the sintering of regular clay bricks and the unfired bricks with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of Portland cement. The paper also investigated and compared the use of electrical and thermal energy of all the bricks to identify how important were the thermal stages (sintering or clinkerization) relatively to the total energy spent. At last, a resumed analysis was performed to identify the possible health damages of the many life cycles of the bricks. The conclusion was that unfired bricks with less than 40% of cement use less thermal energy to be processed. In addition, their carbon dioxides emissions were less dangerous to ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

Implicações do bullying no contexto escolar: percepção dos professores e a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A snapshot of suspended sediment and fluid mud occurrence in a mixed-energy embayment, Tijucas Bay, Brazil

Along the southern Brazilian coast, Tijucas Bay is known for its unique muddy tidal flats associated with chenier plains. Previous field observations pointed to very high suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) in the inner parts of the bay, and in the estuary of the Tijucas River, suggesting the presence of fluid mud. In this study, the occurrences of suspended sediments and fluid mud were examined during a larger-scale, high-resolution 2-day field campaign on 1-2 May 2007, encompassing survey lines spanning nearly 80 km, 75 water sampling stations for near-bottom density estimates, and ten sediment sampling stations. Wave refraction modeling provided qualitative wave energy estimates as a function of different incidence directions. The results show that SSC increases toward the inner bay near the water surface, but seaward near the bottom. This suggests that suspended sediment is supplied by the local rivers, in particular the Tijucas. Near-surface SSCs were of the order of 50 mg l(-1) close to the shore, but exceeded 100 mg l(-1) near the bottom in the deeper parts of the bay. Fluid mud thickness and location given by densimetry and echo-sounding agreed in some places, although being mostly discordant. The best agreement was observed where wave energy was high during the campaign. The discrepancy between the two methods may be an indication for the existence of fluid mud, which is recorded by one method but not the other. Agreement is considered to be an indication of fluidization, whereas disagreement indicates more consolidation. Wave modeling suggests that waves from the ENE and SE are the most effective in supplying energy to the inner bay, which may induce the liquefaction of mud deposits to form fluid mud. Nearshore mud resuspension and weak horizontal currents result in sediment-laden offshore flow, which explains the higher SSCs measured in the deeper parts of the bay, besides providing a mechanism for fine-sediment export to the inner shelf.

Fluid intake patterns: an epidemiological study among children and adolescents in Brazil

Background: Energy from liquids is one of the most important factors that could impact on the high prevalence of children and adolescents obesity around the world. There are few data on the liquid consumption in Brazil. The aim of this study is to evaluate the volume and quality of liquids consumed by Brazilian children and adolescents and to determine the proportion of their daily energy intake composed of liquids. Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in five Brazilian cities; the study included 831 participants between 3 and 17 years of age. A four-day dietary record specific to fluids was completed for each individual, and the volume of and Kcal from liquid intake were evaluated. The average number of Kcal in each beverage was determined based on label information, and the daily energy intake data from liquids were compared with the recommendations of the National Health Surveillance Agency (Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria-ANVISA), the Brazilian food regulation authority, according to each subject's age. Results: As the children aged, the volume of carbonated beverages that they consumed increased significantly, and their milk intake decreased significantly. For children between the ages of 3 and 10, milk and dairy products contributed the greatest daily number of Kcal from liquids. Sugar sweetened beverages which included carbonated beverages, nectars and artificial beverages, accounted for 37% and 45% of the total Kcal from liquid intake in the 3-to 6-year-old and 7- to 10-year-old groups, respectively. Among adolescents (participants 11- to 17-years old), most of the energy intake from liquids came from carbonated beverages, which accounted for an average of 207 kcal/day in this group (42% of their total energy intake from liquids). Health professionals should be attentive to the excessive consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in children and adolescents. The movement toward healthier dietary patterns at the individual and population levels may help to improve programs for preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Conclusion: From childhood to adolescence the daily volume of liquid ingested increased reaching a total of 2.0 liters on average. Of this volume, the daily volume of milk ingested decreased while the carbonated drinks, sweetened, nectars and artificial beverages increased significantly. The proportion of water remained constant in about 1/3 of the total volume. From 3 to 17 years of age the energy intake from carbonated beverages increased by about 20%. The carbonated drinks on average corresponded to a tenth of the daily requirements of energy of adolescents.

Cost and energy density of diet in Brazil, 2008-2009

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cost and energy density of diet consumed in Brazilian households. Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF 200812009) were used to identify the main foods and their prices. Similar items were grouped, resulting in a basket of 67 products. Linear programming was applied for the composition of isoenergetic baskets, minimizing the deviation from the average household diet. Restrictions were imposed on the inclusion of items and the energy contribution of the various food groups. A reduction in average cost of diet was applied at intervals of R$0.15 to the lowest possible cost. We identified an inverse association between energy density and cost of diet (p < 0.05), and at the lowest possible cost we obtained the maximum value of energy density Restrictions on the diet's cost resulted in the selection of diets with higher energy density, indicating that cost of diet may lead to the adoption of inadequate diets in Brazil.

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

As the requirement for agriculture to be environmentally suitable there is a necessity to adopt indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability. In Brazil, biodiesel addition into diesel is mandatory and soybean oil is its main source. The material embodiment determines the convergence of inputs into the crop. Moreover, the material flows are necessary for any environmental analysis. This study evaluated distinct production scenarios, and also conventional versus GMO crops, through the material embodiment and energy analysis. GMO crops demanded less indirectly applied inputs. The energy balance showed linearity with yield, whereas for EROI, the increases in input and yield were not affected.

Riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en la población adolescente de Vilanova i La Geltrú: relación con estilos de vida bases para la planificación de un programa comunitario

Eliminadas las páginas en blanco

Efectos de la aplicación de un programa de intervención extracurricular en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria para la mejora de la condición física, hábitos saludables y el nivel de intensidad de la actividad física en los adolescentes

Programa de doctorado: Formación del Profesorado.

Programa Calidad de Vida sobre Aborto

En abril de 2012 el programa de Canal 12 dedicó su emisión al tema del aborto en Uruguay. De este programa participaron Lilián Abracinskas de MYSU y Mónica Gorgoroso de Iniciativas Sanitarias

Resultados de la Segunda Evaluación del Programa Ciudadanía Porteña : Impacto sobre las condiciones de vida de los hogares beneficiarios

El documento presenta los resultados de la segunda evaluación del Programa Ciudadanía Porteña del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los datos señalan el alto impacto del programa en la eliminación de la indigencia y disminución de la pobreza en magnitud e intensidad, el incremento en la asistencia escolar de niños y adolescentes y la reducción del trabajo infantil. De este modo, se garantiza el derecho de la población en situación de pobreza a un ingreso que le permite cubrir sus necesidades básicas y el derecho de niños, niñas y adolescentes a un desarrollo pleno, contribuyendo a la ruptura de los mecanismos de reproducción intergeneracional de la pobreza. Ello confirma la pertinencia de la estrategia de intervención para dar respuesta a cuestiones que históricamente han sido de difícil abordaje para las políticas y programas sociales en Argentina, tales como la inclusión, reinserción y/o permanencia en el sistema educativo de niños de corta edad, adolescentes y jóvenes, la reducción del trabajo infantil, la eliminación de la indigencia y la reducción de la pobreza

Impacto de un programa de promoción de salud y vida activa en adolescentes de la cuidad de La Plata

Introducción. En el contexto del proyecto "Arte, deporte y salud en adolescentes" ejecutado por la UNLP se llevaron adelante actividades de educación para la salud. Métodos. El proyecto se desarrolló en escuelas públicas de nivel medio en la Ciudad de La Plata con 54 estudiantes de15 años de edad. Se realizaron 23 talleres a razón de uno por semana, con el fin de mejorar los hábitos saludables. Resultados. Se logró modificar la proporción de personas clasificadas en el estadio pre-contemplación y contemplación, a favor de un incremento en los estadios preparatorio y acción. Los alumnos asociaron la actividad física con la salud de manera más directa. Conclusiones. Una serie de talleres desarrollados en el ámbito escolar, implementados de manera sostenida y sistemática podría influir positivamente sobre los hábitos y estilos de vida de los adolescentes

Influencias de la experiencia educativa extraescolar La Casa en la vida de los jóvenes del barrio El Retiro

La presente investigación se propone analizar de qué manera influye la experiencia educativa extraescolar La Casa en la vida de los jóvenes que participan de sus actividades educativas. Dicha experiencia se lleva a cabo desde el año 2009 en El Retiro, barrio periférico de la ciudad de La Plata caracterizado por condiciones de pobreza estructural. La misma está organizada por un grupo de personas, en su mayoría estudiantes y graduados universitarios, quienes buscan, a través de actividades educativas, construir herramientas que les brinden mayor autonomía a los habitantes del barrio. La Casa se enmarca en un proceso histórico caracterizado por el surgimiento, desde la sociedad civil, de diferentes alternativas que buscan dar algún tipo de respuesta a las consecuencias sociales del proceso de polarización y fragmentación social que tuvo lugar a partir de las transformaciones de las últimas décadas. En este caso, La Casa hace foco en la cuestión educativa, considerándolo el eje fundamental para generar autonomía en los sujetos. Durante el año 2010 y principios de 2011 se llevó a cabo la presente investigación de corte cualitativo, la cual se valió de herramientas como la observación participante y la entrevista semi-estructurada para alcanzar el objetivo de dar cuenta de la influencia de esta experiencia en la vida de los jóvenes entre 13 y 18 años que participan de las actividades educativas que allí se desarrollan, tanto desde la perspectiva de los mismos jóvenes, como de los talleristas, familiares y otros actores de la comunidad. Por otra parte, la reconstrucción de esta experiencia, sus modificaciones a lo largo del tiempo, el modo en que los distintos actores que participan de ella ven a La Casa y los efectos que tiene en los jóvenes abre el camino para una reflexión crítica en torno a las potencialidades y limitaciones, a las tensiones y las oportunidades de experiencias de este tipo

Cuando el horror se vuelve cotidiano. Aproximaciones a la vida cotidiana en la dictadura militar argentina a partir de las producciones audiovisuales del "Programa Jóvenes y Memoria. Recordamos para el futuro"

Los debates acerca de las actitudes de la sociedad civil frente a la última dictadura militar argentina oscilan entre la "teoría de los dos demonios" y las que responsabilizan a la sociedad toda. Para superar estas visiones maniqueas analizaremos algunos trabajos académicos relevantes sobre los autoritarismos europeos, con el fin de abordar nuevas perspectivas de interpretación que sean útiles al momento de pensar sobre la relación entre sociedad y dictadura en la bibliografía referida al caso argentino. Indagaremos las distintas actitudes sociales frente a la dictadura argentina desde los micro-contextos sociales a través de las producciones audiovisuales desarrolladas por los alumnos bonaerenses de nivel secundario realizadas en el Programa "Jóvenes y Memoria Recordamos para el futuro", propuesta desarrollada por la Comisión Provincial por la Memoria desde el año 2002. La elección de los audiovisuales desarrollados en el marco de este Programa apunta a su carácter testimonial y permite cuestionar la bipolaridad "complicidad-resistencia" en la que comúnmente suelen caracterizarse las actitudes sociales del período para pensar en una matriz que contiene distintos grises o gamas de acción.