A new universal, standardized implant database for product identification: a unique tool for arthroplasty registries.

INTRODUCTION Every joint registry aims to improve patient care by identifying implants that have an inferior performance. For this reason, each registry records the implant name that has been used in the individual patient. In most registries, a paper-based approach has been utilized for this purpose. However, in addition to being time-consuming, this approach does not account for the fact that failure patterns are not necessarily implant specific but can be associated with design features that are used in a number of implants. Therefore, we aimed to develop and evaluate an implant product library that allows both time saving barcode scanning on site in the hospital for the registration of the implant components and a detailed description of implant specifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A task force consisting of representatives of the German Arthroplasty Registry, industry, and computer specialists agreed on a solution that allows barcode scanning of implant components and that also uses a detailed standardized classification describing arthroplasty components. The manufacturers classified all their components that are sold in Germany according to this classification. The implant database was analyzed regarding the completeness of components by algorithms and real-time data. RESULTS The implant library could be set up successfully. At this point, the implant database includes more than 38,000 items, of which all were classified by the manufacturers according to the predefined scheme. Using patient data from the German Arthroplasty Registry, several errors in the database were detected, all of which were corrected by the respective implant manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS The implant library that was developed for the German Arthroplasty Registry allows not only on-site barcode scanning for the registration of the implant components but also its classification tree allows a sophisticated analysis regarding implant characteristics, regardless of brand or manufacturer. The database is maintained by the implant manufacturers, thereby allowing registries to focus their resources on other areas of research. The database might represent a possible global model, which might encourage harmonization between joint replacement registries enabling comparisons between joint replacement registries.

Achieving Universal Primary Education: Can Kenya Afford it?

Kenya has experienced a rapid expansion of the education system partly due to high government expenditure on education. Despite the high level of expenditure on education, primary school enrolment has been declining since early 1990s and until 2003 when gross primary school enrolment increased to 104 percent after the introduction of free primary education. However, with an estimated net primary school enrolment rate of 77 percent, the country is far from achieving universal primary education. The worrying scenario is that the allocations of resources within the education sector seems to be ineffective as the increasing expenditure on education goes to recurrent expenditure (to pay teachers salaries). Kenya's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and the Economic Recovery Strategy for wealth and Employment Creation (ERS) outlines education targets of reaching universal primary education by 2015. The Government is faced with budget constrains and therefore the available resources need to be allocated efficiently in order to realize the education targets. The paper uses Budget Negotiation Framework (BNF) to analyze the cost effective ways of resource allocation in the primary education sector to achieve universal primary education and other education targets. Budget Negotiation Framework is a tool that aims at achieving equity and efficiency in resource allocation. Results from the analysis shows that universal primary education by the year 2015 is a feasible target for Kenya. The results also show that with a more cost- effective spending of education resources - increased trained teachers, enhanced textbook supplies and subsidies targeting the poor - the country could realize higher enrolment rates than what has been achieved with free primary education.

Universal Vouchers and White Flight

Opponents of school vouchers often argue that school vouchers will lead to 'white flight' from public schools that are disproportionately nonwhite, creating more racially segregated schools. However, recent studies that examine white flight from public schools into private schools have produced conflicting evidence on whether or not white flight actually exists. In this paper, we present new evidence on whether universal vouchers will lead to more racially segregated schools. Specifically, we use data on vote outcomes from a state-wide universal voucher initiative to estimate the likelihood that white households with children currently in public schools will use vouchers to switch out of more-integrated schools. Our results indicate that white households with children attending schools with large concentrations of nonwhite schoolchildren are significantly more likely to support school vouchers, an effect that is absent for non-white households with children and households without children. However, it also does not appear to be race, per se, that is the primary concern, but other school factors that are correlated with race, such as test scores and limited English proficiency.

A Universal Formula for Continuous Utility

A single formula assigns a continuous utility function to every representable preference relation.

Ein Blick in die jüdische Literatur. Jüdische Universal-Bibliothek 6-7

Gustav Karpeles

Universal-Agende für jüdische Kultusbeamte : Handbuch für den Gebrauch in Synagoge, Schule und Haus

von Lion Wolff

Kompendium zur Universal-Agende : Handbuch für den praktischen Gebrauch in der Synagoge und für Kasualien

von Lion Wolff

Use of universal precautions in the workplace: A comparison of two fire /EMS services

The Health Belief Model (HBM) provided the theoretical framework for examining Universal Precautions (UP) compliance factors by Firefighter, EMTs and Paramedics (prehospital care providers). A convenient sample of prehospital care providers (n = 4000) from two cities (Houston and Washington DC), were surveyed to explore the factors related to their decision to comply with Universal Precautions. Eight hundred and sixty-five useable questionnaires were analyzed. The responders were primarily male (95.7%) eight hundred and twenty-eight and thirty-seven were female, prehospital based (100%), EMTs (60.0%) and paramedics (12.8%) who had a mean 13 years of prehospital care experience. ^ Linear regression was used to evaluate the four hypotheses. The first hypothesis evaluating perceived susceptibility and seriousness with reported UP use was statistically significant (p = < .05). Perceived susceptibility, when considered independently, did not make a significant contribution (t = −4.2852; p = 0.0000) to the stated use of Universal precautions. The hypothesis is not supported as stated. The data indicates the opposite effect. Supported is the premise that as perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness increase the use of Universal Precautions decreases. Hypothesis two tested perceived benefits with internal and external barriers. Both perceived benefits and internal and external barriers as well as the overall regression were significant (F = 112.6, p = 0.0000). The contribution of internal and external barriers was statistically significant (t = 0.0175; p = 0.0000) and (t = 0.0128; p = 0.0000). Hypothesis three which tested modifying factors, cues to action, select demographic variables, and the main effects of the HBM with self reported UP compliance overall was significant. The variables gender, birth, education, job type, EMS certification, years of service, years of experience providing patient care, Universal Precautions training hours, type of apparatus assigned to and the number of EMS related incidents responded to in a month were found to have a significant contribution to the stated use of Universal Precautions. ^ The additive effects were tested by use of a stepwise regression that assessed the contribution of each of the significant variables. Three variables in the equation were statistically significant. Internal barriers (t = −8.5507; p = 0.0000), external barriers (t = −6.2862; p = 0.000) and job type 2 & 3. Job type two (t = −2.8464; p = 0.0045 is titled Engineer/Operator. Job type three (t = −2.5730; p = 0.0103) is titled captain. The overall regression was significant (F = 24.06; p = 0.000). The Hypothesis is supported in the certain demographic variables do influence the stated use of Universal precautions and that as internal and external barriers are decreased, there is an increase in the stated use of Universal Precautions. ^ In summary, this study demonstrated that internal and external barriers have a significant impact on the stated use of Universal Precautions. Internal barriers are those factors within the individual that require an internal change (i.e., forgetfulness, freedom, perception of the urgency of the patient's needs etc.) and external barriers are things in the environment that can be altered (i.e., equipment design, availability of equipment, ease of use). These two model variables explained 23%–30% of the variance. ^

La polémica de lo universal y lo regional como valores estéticos. Dos momentos del discurso crítico : del 900 al boom latinoamericano

Fil: Maíz, Claudio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

El resultado del conocimiento universal en el segundo comentario de Boecio a la Isagogé de Porfirio

El autor trata tres temas presentes en el segundo comentario de Boecio a la Isagogé de Porfirio. El primero muestra que cuando Boecio argumenta contra el universal ontológico de Porfirio, lo hace en términos cuantitativos; por ello la argumentación de Boecio contra el realismo porfiriano es diferente, por ej., de la argumentación que utiliza Abelardo en su Logica Ingredientibus. Mientras para Boecio lo que es uno no puede ser simultáneamente múltiple a causa de una imposibilidad cuantitativa, para Abelardo la misma imposibilidad resulta de una reducción al absurdo, pues la misma res universalis no puede ser racional en un sujeto e irracional en otro. El segundo tema es la distinción boeciana entre modo de ser y modo de ser conocido del universal. El tercer tema es la posibilidad de aferrar el universal boeciano a través de una fórmula apta para tipificar ese universal que, según Boecio, sería deficiente si fuera solo gnoseológico o solo ontológico; esa fórmula debe poder dar cuentas, simultáneamente, de ambas dimensiones del universal, es decir, la dimensión real-ontológica y la intelectual-gnoseológica.

Literatura universal desde la Argentina

El presente trabajo se propone considerar el tema de la literatura universal desde la Argentina. Para ello se examinan las tres acepciones del concepto "literatura universal": la cuantitativa, la cualitativa y la dimensión comunicativa. En relación con la primera, se revisan historias de la literatura universal realizadas tanto en Argentina como en Europa, Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica, en orden a verificar y cuantificar la presencia de las letras argentinas en ese marco. En relación con la interpretación cualitativa, se analizan dos aspectos: a) el horizonte canónico internacional (occidental) en las letras argentinas y b) los escritores argentinos y su ingreso al canon occidental. Finalmente, se hace referencia al papel precursor de Juan María Gutiérrez respecto de la integración de literatura argentina en el contexto universal.

El hijo pródigo en la poesía del '40 : Enrique Molina

La figura del hijo pródigo conforma, junto con otras de origen mitológico, la galería de símbolos axiales de la poesía neorromántica argentina del '40. Constituye un recurso retórico e imaginario de primer orden en el proceso de mitificación del sujeto, reconocible en la lírica de los poetas neorrománticos. La imagen bíblica se desarrolla en las transposiciones poéticas de un modo sistemático: reaparece en un número significativo de casos, en escritores vinculados a través de cenáculos literarios y revistas, en un lapso relativamente acotado de tiempo. Por otra parte, la condición sistemática del símbolo se verifica cuando su uso frecuente encuentra una motivación en la poética y en la visión del mundo de un autor. Tal es el caso de Enrique Molina, para quien el destino errante se asume como rasgo antropológico esencial. En su universo imaginario, el hijo pródigo tiene un valor axial, ya que reaparece con cierta frecuencia a partir de Pasiones terrestres (1946) como un medio para representar, a través de alusiones expresas y transposiciones, la ruptura del yo con el orden familiar y social heredados. En el presente estudio se propone considerar los poemas en los cuales Molina recrea la figura. La observación se concentra en el giro hermenéutico operado por el poeta en la materia bíblica original, los eventuales cauces de mediación que hacen posible este giro y su sentido en la obra literaria de Molina.

Comunicación Conjunta para Examen Periódico Universal. Los derechos sexuales y los derechos reproductivos: Argentina.

El presente informe aborda la situación de los derechos sexuales y los derechos reproductivos en Argentina. Los temas abordados son: el acceso a métodos anticonceptivos, la anticoncepción quirúrgica, la educación sexual y el aborto.

Comunicación Conjunta para Examen Periódico Universal. Los derechos sexuales y los derechos reproductivos: Perú

El presente informe aborda la situación del aborto seguro, derechos sexuales y reproductivos de adolescentes y derecho a la no discriminación por orientación sexual e identidad de género.