993 resultados para A3


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下载PDF阅读器2005年8月初,对西藏藏北54头3~12岁受体母牦牛实施了同期发情试验,外源激素分别采用促排卵素LHRH-A3结合孕马血清PMSG处理法和氯前列腺素(PGF2α)两次注射处理法.结果表明:LHRH-A3+PMSG法处理6~9岁和10~12岁牦牛时发情率(可移植率)分别为93.3%(40%)和60%(20%),二次PGF2α法处理3~5岁、6~9岁、10~12岁牦牛时发情率(可移植率)分别为61.1%(5.5%)、70%(40%)和50%(16.7%).结论:LHRH-A3+PMSG法和二次PGF2α法都是成功的同期处理方法,受体在6~9岁时同期效果最好.

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One of the most important marine ecologic phenomenon , is the study of animal community among the bed or benthic fauna. Macrobenthoses are the graet part of the benthic faune , that are more biomasses than meiofauna and microfauna. To study polychaetes diversity of Mangroves, located in Khoore-Khooran , sampling was conducted on a bimonthly and carried out from December 2001 to October 2002. Bottom samples were collected by Van Veen grab (0.025 m2)at 6 station from 2 transect Insitu measurement of temperature , pH , Do and salinity were done . Atotal of polychaetes werw identified within study 32 Family and 43 Genus . Cirriphormia and Nephtys were the most dominant genus in the studies . The range fomumerical abundance of polychaets was between 3006 per m2 in the station A3 to 559individual per mein the station A1 and the variation was done to different bottom , texture the variable environment conditions govrtneng the different parts of each creeks as well as within creeks . Application of diversity indices (Shannon H') on the dominant polychates assambladges has higher H' in the Azar and lower 1-1/ in the Mehr . and the stations B3 has the highest H' and the station A2 has the lowest H' Application of diversity and Richness, Evennes were studied and showed that the station A3 has the lowest evenness and the most individual , and station A1 has the middle pollution.

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1 前言 铝硅合金作为高密度的固-液相变储能材料,在热能储存技术中已获得实际应用,其关键技术之一就是控制铝硅溶体对容器材料的浸蚀。如将温度控制在铝硅合金的熔点附近(约600℃,低于铁铝共晶温度655℃),这时只能生成贫铁的铁铝硅三元合金体系,浸蚀层的扩散生长速度减小,从而使容器材料的抗浸能力大为提高。本工作研究了熔点附近,铝硅溶体对几种金属材料的浸蚀程度以及浸蚀层的成份分布情况并探讨表面氧化膜的影响。

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was highly complex because of the unclear enzymatic mechanism and many factors that affect the heterogeneous system. Therefore, it is difficult to build a theoretical model to study cellulose hydrolysis by cellulase. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to simulate and predict this enzymatic reaction and compared with the response surface model (RSM). The independent variables were cellulase amount X-1, substrate concentration X-2, and reaction time X-3, and the response variables were reducing sugar concentration Y-1 and transformation rate of the raw material Y-2. The experimental results showed that ANN was much more suitable for studying the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis than RSM. During the simulation process, relative errors produced by the ANN model were apparently smaller than that by RSM except one and the central experimental points. During the prediction process, values produced by the ANN model were much closer to the experimental values than that produced by RSM. These showed that ANN is a persuasive tool that can be used for studying the kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis catalyzed by cellulase.

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In this study, the possibility of establishing a dual-species biofilm from a bacterium with a high biofilm-forming capability and a 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (3,5-DNBA)-degrading bacterium, Comamonas testosteroni A3, was investigated. Our results showed that the combinations of strain A3 with each of five strains with a high biofilm-forming capability (Pseudomonas sp. M8, Pseudomonas putida M9, Bacillus cereus M19, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida M21 and Aeromonas hydrophila M22) presented different levels of enhancement regarding biofilm-forming capability. Among these culture combinations, the 24-h dual-species biofilms established by C. testosteroni A3 with P. putida M9 and A. hydrophila M22 showed the strongest resistance to 3,5-DNBA shock loading, as demonstrated by six successive replacements with DMM2 synthetic wastewater. The degradation rates of 3,5-DNBA by these two culture combinations reached 63.3-91.6% and 70.7-89.4%, respectively, within 6 h of every replacement. Using the gfp-tagged strain M22 and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the immobilization of A3 cells in the dual-species biofilm was confirmed. We thus demonstrated that, during wastewater treatment processes, it is possible to immobilize degrader bacteria with bacteria with a high biofilm-forming capability and to enable them to develop into the mixed microbial flora. This may be a simple and economical method that represents a novel strategy for effective bioaugmentation.

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利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列稀土离子掺杂的发光薄膜,包括三元氧磷灰石稀土硅酸盐Ca2RS(SiO4)6O2(R=YGd)体系,YVO4体系,LaPO4体系以及钒磷酸盐形成的固熔体体系1并研究了稀土离子Eu3+,Tb3+,Dy3+,Sm3+,Er3+和类汞离子Pb2+在这些薄膜中的发光性质和能量传递性质。同时利用软石印法结合毛细管微模板技术实现了发光薄膜的图案化。SEM以及AFM结果表明,利用溶胶一凝胶法制备的发光薄膜表面致密均匀,无开裂。通过增加镀膜溶液的粘度、镀膜的次数可以有效的控制薄膜的厚度,使其达到理想的范围。由此可见溶胶一凝胶法是一种比较理想的制备发光薄膜的方法。在三元氧磷灰石稀土硅酸盐Ca2R8(SiO4)6O2(R=YGd)体系中,稀土离子Eu3+,Tb3+在Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2基质中占据低刘·称性格位6h(Cs)和4f(C3),并以其特征的红光发射(5Do-7F2)和绿光发射(5D4-7F5)为主。Eu3+,Tb3+发光的最佳浓度分别为Y3+的10mol%和6mol%,Ca2Y8(51O4)6O2:Eu3+薄膜样品的发光强度和寿命随着烧结温度的升高而增加,Ca2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Tb3+薄膜样品的发光强度和寿命在800℃时最大,随后又随烧结温度的升高有所下降,Pb2+可以敏化Ca2Gd8(SiO4 )6O2中Gd3+的基质晶格,通过Pb2+→Gd3十→(Gd3+)n→A3+形式传递和转移能量。在YVO4体系中,利用Pechini溶胶一凝胶法以无机盐为主要原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,利用聚乙二醇调节镀膜溶液的粘度,制备了YvO4:A(A=Eu3+ Dy3+,Sm3+,Er3+)纳米发光薄膜。结合软石印法,通过简单工艺实现了发光薄膜图案化烧结过程中图案化薄膜有一定程度的收缩,存在一定的缺陷。得到的条纹在紫外灯下发出明亮的红光。掺杂的稀土离子在YVO4薄膜中显示它们特征发射,同时VO43-和稀土离子之间存在能量传递。Dy3+,Sm3+,Er3十发光的最佳浓度皆为Y3+的2mol%,这三者的发光淬灭是由交叉驰豫引起的。在LaPO4发光薄膜中,Etl3+以591nm的5Do-7Fl跃迁发射为主,呈现红橙光;Tb3+以543nm的5D4-7F5发射为主,属于绿光发射。Ce3+则由其特有的5d-4f双峰发射组成。Tb3+和Eu3+掺杂的样品发光强度和荧光寿命随烧结温度的升局而增加。Tb3+和Eu3+的寿命曲线符合指数衰减,但Tb3十在LaPO4:Ce,Tb薄膜中,所得的寿命曲线不符合单指数衰减。Ce3+和Tb3+之间存在吸收能量传递。通过计算得到能量传递效率可以达到95%以上。XRD结果表明,从x=0到x=1 YVxP1-xO4:Eu3+薄膜形成了一系列具有错石结构的固熔体。在YVxP1-xO4:Eu3+(0≤x≤1)系列薄膜中,随着x值的增加,Eu3+的发光强度和红橙比逐渐增大。除x=0,其它的Eu3+的红橙比都大于1,说明在发射光谱中,以Eu3+禁戒5Do一7F2电偶极跃迁为主,Etls十在基质中处于低对称性格位。当x=0时,即Y0.98Eu0.l2PO4薄膜中,Eu3+,仍处于D2d低对称性格位,但5D0一7FI橙光发射却比SD0一7F2红光发射强。x对Y0.98Eu0.02VxP1-xO4(0≤x≤l)薄膜寿命曲线有很大的影响,当0≤x≤0.5时,Eu3+5 D0-7F2发射呈单指数衰减;当x≥0.6时,Eu3+5D0-7F2发射的衰减曲线比较复杂,不能用单指数拟合。YVxP1-xO4:A3+(0≤x≤1,A=Er,Sm)薄膜中,由于存在VO43-A3+,以及VO43-(VO43-)n-A3+(n≥1)形式的能量传递,同时由于浓度淬灭,VO43-的蓝光发射在0.1≤x≤1范围内,随x的增加而减弱,当x=1时,VO43-的蓝光发射被完全淬灭,而A3+发光强度随x的增加而增加。在RVO4:A3+(R=Y,La,Gd,A=Eu,Sm,Er)纳米发光薄膜中,R对稀土离子发光性质的影响主要是由于基质晶体结构的不同。A3+在YVO4和GdVO4中属于D2d对称性,在YVO4和GdVO4薄膜中A3+的光谱性质基本相同,而LaVO4属于单斜晶系,具有独居石结构。A3+在LaVO4中属于C1对称性。C1对称性比D2d对称性低,A3+的发光光谱中谱线的位置以及谱线的劈裂数目都略有不同。由于Gd3+和发光离子之间的能量传递,A3+在GdVO4基质中的发光最强。

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1、喜树碱类衍生物抗HIV构效关系与作用机制研究 喜树碱为传统的抗肿瘤药物。本研究对经过化学结构修饰的喜树碱类衍生物进行抗HIV活性及作用机制的研究,并初步探讨了其抗HIV构效关系。 我们对喜树碱类衍生物A系列化合物A1(喜树碱)、A2(10-羟基喜树碱)及A3(7-羟基喜树碱)进行了抗HIV活性检测。化合物A1和A3有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性,化合物A2没有显示抗HIV活性。表明化合物A1的C-10位上-OH基团修饰可能会降低抗HIV活性,化合物A1的C-7位上-CH2OH基团修饰和C-20位-CH3缺失可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物A3和A1的抗HIV机制研究发现:二者对整合酶有一定的结合活性,对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB 和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合,对重组的HIV-1蛋白酶和逆转录酶没有抑制活性。化合物A1和A3不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9和Jurkat细胞系的作用。进一步进行化合物A3诱导 H9和H9/HIV-1ⅢB、Jurkat和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB的凋亡实验显示,化合物A3诱导感染HIV-1ⅢB和未感染病毒细胞的凋亡没有选择性。据此我们初步认为化合物A3和A1的抗HIV作用可能与抑制整合酶活性有关,该化合物可能还作用于其它靶点。 喜树碱类衍生物B系列中化合物B1为20(S)-O - [-O-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基哌啶-4'-丁二酸)]-20-喜树碱酯,化合物B2为20(S)-O - [-N-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基-1',2',5',6'-四氢吡啶酰胺)-4'-丙氨酸)]-20-喜树碱酯)。我们对化合物B1和B2进行了抗HIV活性检测。结果显示:化合物B2有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-21、喜树碱类衍生物抗HIV构效关系与作用机制研究 喜树碱为传统的抗肿瘤药物。本研究对经过化学结构修饰的喜树碱类衍生物进行抗HIV活性及作用机制的研究,并初步探讨了其抗HIV构效关系。 我们对喜树碱类衍生物A系列化合物A1(喜树碱)、A2(10-羟基喜树碱)及A3(7-羟基喜树碱)进行了抗HIV活性检测。化合物A1和A3有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性,化合物A2没有显示抗HIV活性。表明化合物A1的C-10位上-OH基团修饰可能会降低抗HIV活性,化合物A1的C-7位上-CH2OH基团修饰和C-20位-CH3缺失可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物A3和A1的抗HIV机制研究发现:二者对整合酶有一定的结合活性,对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB 和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合,对重组的HIV-1蛋白酶和逆转录酶没有抑制活性。化合物A1和A3不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9和Jurkat细胞系的作用。进一步进行化合物A3诱导 H9和H9/HIV-1ⅢB、Jurkat和Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB的凋亡实验显示,化合物A3诱导感染HIV-1ⅢB和未感染病毒细胞的凋亡没有选择性。据此我们初步认为化合物A3和A1的抗HIV作用可能与抑制整合酶活性有关,该化合物可能还作用于其它靶点。 喜树碱类衍生物B系列中化合物B1为20(S)-O - [-O-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基哌啶-4'-丁二酸)]-20-喜树碱酯,化合物B2为20(S)-O - [-N-( 1'-氧基-2',2',6',6'-四甲基-1',2',5',6'-四氢吡啶酰胺)-4'-丙氨酸)]-20-喜树碱酯)。我们对化合物B1和B2进行了抗HIV活性检测。结果显示:化合物B2有较好的抗HIV-1和抗HIV-2活性,而化合物B1的抗HIV活性差。表明化合物B1的C-4’位-CH2被-NH取代,同时C-3’位-CH3修饰可能会提高其抗HIV活性。对化合物B2的抗HIV机制研究发现,化合物B2对慢性感染H9/HIV-1ⅢB细胞中病毒复制没有抑制活性、不能阻断H9/HIV-1ⅢB与正常细胞间的融合,对HIV-1蛋白酶、重组的HIV-1逆转录酶及整合酶没有抑制活性。化合物B2不具有选择性杀伤HIV-1ⅢB慢性感染的H9细胞系的作用。化合物B2抗HIV的作用机制还需进一步研究。 2、HIV/AIDS患者疱疹病毒感染状况及性病患者的HIV感染状况分析 疱疹病毒是AIDS患者合并感染的常见病原体。引起人类疾病的8种疱疹病毒与HIV感染及AIDS进展、机会性感染、恶性肿瘤密切相关。为了解HIV/AIDS患者人类8型疱疹病毒感染状况,我们检测了30例AIDS患者、40例HIV携带者及70例正常对照的液标本中8型疱疹病毒感染状况。采用ELISA法检测单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)和巨细胞病毒(CMV);采用PCR法检测EB病毒(EBV)、疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)、疱疹病毒7型(HHV-7)及疱疹病毒8型(HHV-8)。结果显示,HIV/AIDS患者中HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV、CMV、HHV-6、HHV-8 阳性率均高于健康体检者,其中AIDS患者VZV感染率与HIV携带者有显著性差异;在AIDS患者中多种疱疹病毒共感染普遍存在,必须重视HIV/AIDS患者合并疱疹病毒感染的防治。 性病可促进HIV的传播,了解性病患者的HIV感染状况及临床特征具有重要的意义。在自愿接受HIV咨询检测的基础上,对临床确诊的412例性病患者进行HIV-1/2抗体检测,并对其临床特征进行分析研究。结果显示412例性病患者的HIV检出率为2.9%。性病患者中检出HIV阳性率依次为:尖锐湿疣(6.2%)、生殖器疱疹(4.2%)、梅毒(3.4%)、淋病(1.5%)及非淋菌性尿道炎(1.0%)。83.3%合并感染HIV的性病患者存在多性伴,商业性行为普遍存在,安全套使用率极低现象。感染HIV的尖锐湿疣及生殖器疱疹患者以频繁复发为突出表现,1例合并感染HIV的梅毒患者半年即进展为神经梅毒。性病患者是HIV感染的重要高危人群,危险性行为是其感染HIV和其它性病的主要原因,应该加强性病患者的HIV检测。对临床上频繁复发的尖锐湿疣及生殖器疱疹患者、快速进展的梅毒患者应高度怀疑合并HIV感染的可能。

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在哺乳动物复杂的神经网络中,突触是信息传递的枢纽,其突触传递效能的持续性变化被称为突触可塑性(synaptic plasticity)。长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)和长时程抑制(long-term depression,LTD)现象是两种经典的突触可塑性形式,被视作学习和记忆可能的物质基础,得到了广泛地关注。其中,海马CA1区谷氨酸能突触处的LTP和LTD目前研究得最为广泛。 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid(AMPA)受体作为介导兴奋性谷氨酸能突触基础传递的主要受体,是海马CA1区LTP和LTD正常表达的必要条件。近期的研究表明,AMPA受体通过胞吞、胞吐及侧向移动等方式在细胞膜和细胞内进行着持续地循环。因此,通过调节AMPA受体的上、下膜,进而影响突触后膜上AMPA受体的数量,便能对LTP和LTD产生影响。在本研究中,我们利用生物信息学的手段,以AMPA受体为靶点,设计出了旨在特异阻断LTP或LTD的多肽。运用离体脑片全细胞记录方式,在海马CA1区证明了干扰肽Pep-A2能够特异地阻断LTP而不影响LTD,Pep-A3能够特异地阻断LTD而不影响LTP。并初步探究了其关键的作用位点,为进一步理解LTP和LTD具体的分子机理打下了基础。成瘾作为异常的学习记忆过程,势必涉及到突触可塑性的变化。而特异性地阻断LTP和LTD,对药物成瘾效果的影响却鲜有报道(Wang YT,2007)。在另一部分工作中,我们采用穿膜肽Tat-A2和Tat-A3,在吗啡条件化位置偏爱(morphine conditioned place preference,morphine CPP)模型小鼠的测试前进行系统给药,结果发现两种干扰肽均能阻断或损伤其CPP的表达过程。这一现象,提示我们LTP和LTD在条件化位置偏爱的表达过程中都是不可或缺的,同时也为人们更好地理解成瘾过程的机理,及开发专一有效的治疗药物提供了新的思路。

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本文主要是采用亲水性聚合物来研制缓效复合肥。首先对十几种亲水性材料进行筛选,选择出粘性适中、材料成膜质量好并且所研制肥料的氮素的初期溶出率相对较低的材料为控释材料。通过以上方法选择出两种控释材料:聚乙烯醇溶液和聚乙烯醇与聚丙烯酸钠的混合溶液。将聚乙烯醇配制成3个浓度(1%、2%、3%)并在这3个浓度中加入一定量的聚丙烯酸钠(100鲍聚乙烯醇加入4g聚丙烯酸钠)也配制成3个浓度梯度的溶液。然后用所配制的溶液研制出6种肥料:SRF-A1、SRF-A2、SRF-A3、SRF-B1、SRF-B2、SRF-B3(A1、A2、A3分别代表聚乙烯醇1%、2%、3%3个浓度;B1I、B2、B3代表聚乙烯醇与聚丙烯酸钠混合溶液的1%、2%、3%3个浓度)。利用水浸法和土柱淋溶法对所研制的6种肥料进行缓效性的评价,结果表明所研制的肥料与对照相比都有明显的缓释效果。并且通过测定结果发现SRF-A3和SRF-B3具有较好的缓释效果。通过水浸法和土柱淋溶法得知SRF-A3对N、K2O、P2O5的缓释效果要劣于SRF-B3肥料。通过这两种方法测定控释材料对磷的缓释效果最好,其次是氮素和钾素。试验继续通过肥料和上壤培养来检验缓释效果相对较好的SRF-A3和SRF-B3的缓效性,根据测定数据再一次证明了水浸法和土柱淋溶法的结果即SRF-A3和SRF-B3具有较好的缓释效果,SRF-B3的缓释效果好于SRF-A3。论文最后研究了温度和土壤水分对SRF-A3和SRF-B3的养分释放影响。结果表明:土壤水分对各个肥料养分释放影响显著,而温度对肥料养分释放影响不大,在所设置温度梯度内各个养分的释放差别不明显。

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小麦加工品质改良已成为我国小麦育种的主要目标之一。特别是我国加入WTO以后,对小麦产品的质量提出了更高的要求,小麦品质改良的任务将更加艰巨和重要,小麦胚乳蛋白是影响小麦加工品质性状的重要因素。因此,深入了解小麦胚乳蛋白对加工品质性状的影响及其分子基础,为品质改良提供理论依据和科学指导,对加速我国小麦品质育种和优质小麦生产具有重要意义。本研究选用在麦谷蛋白5个基因位点(Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1、Glu-B3和Glu-D3)上均含不同等位基因的小麦品种99G45和京771及Pm97034和京771杂交F9代共164个麦谷蛋白纯合系,及228个中国推广普通小麦品种和高代育成品系为试材,研究了麦谷蛋白Glu-1和Glu-3位点基因等位变异对籽粒蛋白、湿面筋含量、Zeleny沉降值和SDS沉降值间的关系;本研究还利用小麦A、B和D基因组中低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)基因特异引物,通过PCR方法克隆了1个Glu-A3位点和3个Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因片段,在此基础上分析了不同等位基因对品质造成差异的分子基础;另外,本研究对中国近年推广的部分品种和育成的高代品系资源的多样性进行了分析。现将主要研究结果简述如下: 1. 对来自三个麦区的148份材料的醇溶蛋白组成进行了分析,结果表明,各麦区醇溶蛋白模式具有较大差异。在ω区,A7、B、E、F、G、J、P、Q、S和U仅存在于西南秋播麦区;A3、M、N、R、W和X仅存在于黄淮特种麦区;K仅存在于北方冬麦区;A6是北方冬麦区出现频率最高的带型模式,而西南秋播麦区中D出现的频率最高。ω-区的E、H和M几种模式是以前国内外未曾报道的。且初步确定,这些模式对品质性状具有正效应。至于γ区,A、B、D、E和F在各区均有出现,其中B和E在各区出现的频率都很高,在26.1-39.6%之间。相反,H 仅出现在黄淮特种麦区,J仅限于西南秋播麦区。对于β-区醇溶蛋白,B型模式在所有区中都相当高,而模式A仅存在于第三区.对于α-区,模式A在Ⅲ区而模式D在Ⅱ区出现的频率很高。1BL.1RS易位系在中国小麦品种中出现频率高达41.2%,在I, II和Ⅲ麦区的出现频率分别为 45.5、43.5和35.2%。各生态区模式的差异可能是品种适应不同生态条件和人为选择的结果,但这有待进一步证明。由于醇溶蛋白位点(Gli-1)与LMW-GS位点(Glu-3)紧密连锁,本结果可为下面确定普通小麦LMW-GS等位基因变异所用。 2. 利用Gli-1与Glu-3的紧密连锁,以228个小麦品种/系为材料,首次对中国小麦品种麦谷蛋白亚基的6个位点进行综合分析,研究小麦籽粒蛋白与品质性状间的关系,结果表明6个高分子量(HMW)和低分子量(LMW)麦谷蛋白位点对蛋白质含量的效应大小为,Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1> Glu-A3=Glu-D3;对GMP含量的效应大小为, Glu-A3>Glu-B3>Glu-D1> Glu-B1>Glu-A1>Glu-D3;对湿面筋含量的效应大小为, Glu-B1>Glu-B3= Glu-D3>Glu-A3>Glu-A1>Glu-D1;对Zeleny沉降值的效应大小为, Glu-A1> Glu-B3>Glu-D3>Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A3;对SDS沉降值的效应大小为, Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-D1=Glu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1。对蛋白含量而言,各位点的最佳组合方式为1、17+18、5+10、Glu-A3e、Glu-B3g、Glu-D3b;对湿面筋含量而言,各位点的最佳组合方式为1、6+8、5+10、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3c、Glu-D3b;对Zeleny沉降值而言,各位点的最佳组合方式为N、17+18、5+10、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-D3b;对SDS沉降值而言,各位点的最佳组合方式为1、7+8、2.2+12、Glu-A3b、Glu-B3g、Glu-D3b。另外,分析了稀有亚基对5+12与2.2+12与品质性状的关系,认为5+12对品质有负效应,2.2+12对品质有正效应。在品质育种时,应对优异组合或优异亚基加以利用。 3. 首次利用重组自交系(RILs)为材料,研究麦谷蛋白亚基表达量与品质性状的关系,通过对重组自交系中各HMW-GS表达量的分析,认为,就单个亚基的表达量而言,7亚基最高;其次为2亚基、5亚基、12亚基和10亚基;亚基9和1的表达量最小;N亚基不表达。对成对出现的亚基对而言,x型和y型亚基的总表达量2+12>5+10>7+9>17+18。就单个亚基与品质性状的关系而言,仅有10亚基的表达量与蛋白含量的相关性达5%的显著水平,2亚基的表达量与湿面筋含量呈负相关,显著水平也达5%,其余单个亚基对品质性状均无显著影响;就x型/y型亚基的比例来看,2/12和5/10对湿面筋含量都有显著的负效应;对某一位点等位基因控制的亚基表达总量来看,2+12对SDS沉降值有显著负效应。另外,本研究得出:2+12的亚基对的负效应主要体现在2亚基上,且在同一位点上,x型亚基的表达量大于y型。所以推导稀有亚基组合2+10很可能也是劣质亚基。 4. 以 Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1、Glu-B3和Glu-D3作为5个因素对99G45/京771和Pm97034/京771杂交后代的蛋白质含量和SDS沉降值进行多因素方差分析。结果表明,Glu-A1和Glu-D3对蛋白含量的加性效应达5%显著水平;Glu-D1 * Glu-D3对蛋白质含量的互作效应也达5%显著水平;其余位点的加性和互作效应对蛋白质含量的影响均不显著。对SDS 沉降值而言,Glu-D1的加性效应最大,贡献率为4.2 % ,达1 %显著水平,其次是Glu-B1位点,贡献率为3.3% ,达5%显著水平。其余位点对SDS 沉降值的加性和互作效应均未达5%显著水平。总体而言, 各位点对蛋白含量的效应大小为Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3;对SDS沉降值的效应大小为Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1> Glu-B3。Glu-D1和Glu-D3位点上等位基因变异对蛋白含量有显著或极显著影响,含Glu-D1d和Glu-D3 GD、Glu-D3 JD基因的株系分别比含Glu-D1a和Glu-D3 PD基因的株系有较高的蛋白含量;在该遗传背景下,麦谷蛋白各基因位点对蛋白含量的效应大小依次排列为:Glu-A1位点1>N;Glu-B1位点7+9>17+18>14+15;Glu-D1位点5+10>2+12;Glu-B3位点GB>JB>PB;Glu-D3位点GB>JB>PB。对SDS沉降值的效应大小依次排列为:Glu-A1位点1>N;Glu-B1位点7+9=17+18>14+15;Glu-D1位点5+10>2+12;Glu-B3位点GB>JB>PB;Glu-D3位点GB>JB>PB。所以,对蛋白含量和SDS沉降值均较好的组合为1,7+9,5+10,GB,GD。 5. 因为GB和PB对品质的效应有显著差异,选取LMW-GS位点特异扩增引物对京771、99G45和Pm97034的Glu-B3位点进行扩增,结果得到三个不一样的扩增片段(Genebank号为DQ539657-DQ539659),得到的基因片段与Genebank中已报道的同类序列高度同源。通过克隆片段组成的分析,发现对Pm97034的序列较京771和99G45段少一个7氨基酸的重复单元,这可能是它较另外两个片段对面筋强度影响小的主要原因;另外,在99G45的序列中,124位处出现L(亮氨酸)代替P(脯氨酸),158位处出现了T(苏氨酸)代换M(蛋氨酸),这可能是99G45Glu-B3位点序列对SDS沉降值的效应显著优于Pm97034的原因。 6.通过对RILs各位点同普通小麦品种(系)各位点与品质关系的比较,发现对SDS沉降值的效应,各位点在不同研究材料中是不同的,普通小麦中:Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-D1=Glu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1,RILs中:Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1> Glu-B3。利用重组自交系材料(完全排除了1BL/1RS易位干扰)所得到的结果与Gupta and MacRitchie (1994)所得结论一致。进一步证实了1BL/1RS易位对小麦品质的重要影响。对蛋白含量而言,普通小麦品种(系)中,Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1> Glu-A3=Glu-D3,RILs中,Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3,和对SDS沉降值的效应一样,推断在非1BL/1RS易位的情况下,各位点对其效应应为Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3。 对同一位点的等位基因而言,普通小麦和重组自交系中Glu-A1和Glu-D1上的等位基因对品质性状的贡献是一致的,但Glu-B1上的等位基因对SDS沉降值的贡献发生了变化,普通小麦中17+18>7+9,RILs中7+9>17+18,这可能也是1BL/1RS造成的。 Baking quality improved is one of the main object of wheat bread in China. The overall objective of the present studies was to increase the understanding about protein quality in wheat, i.e. to make it possible to improve the production of wheat with desired quality for different end-uses. With the analysis of gluten protein in RILs, 99G45/Jing 771 and Pm97034/Jing, and 228 wheat cultivars or lines in China, the correlations between glutenin compositions and protein content, glutenin macropolymer(GMP), wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation value and SDS sedimentation value contentand breadmaking quality were studied. Also a rapid and efficient detection method of geneticpolymorphism at Glu-B3 loci in wheat was established using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The results obtained were as follows: 1. Cultivated Chinese wheat germplasm has been a valuable genetic resource in international plant breeding. Patterns of gliadin among cultivated Chinese accessions are unknown, despite the proven value and potential novelty. The objective of this work was to analyse the diversity within improved Chinese wheat germplasm. The electrophoretic banding patterns of gliadin in common wheat cultivars and advanced lines were determined by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For 148 leading commercial cultivars and promising advanced lines used in our study, 48 patterns were identified, 29 corresponding to ω-gliadin, 9 to γ-gliadin, 5 to β-gliadin and 5 to α-gliadin. The most frequent patterns were A6 in ω; B in γ; B in β and A in the region of α. 116 band types appeared in the148 samples: 94 accessions had unique gliadin types, and 22 gliadin types while not unique were found in 54 accessions. The gliadin patterns of Chinese wheat cultivars and lines greatly differed from the patterns of wheat lines from other countries. Three patterns, E, J, H, M, N and O in the ω-zone had not previously been reported. Three wheat zones,the Northern Winter Wheat Region, the Yellow and Huai Valley River valleys Winter Wheat Region and the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region,in China showed different frequencies in their gliadin patterns. This information can be used to monitor genetic diversity with Chinese wheat germplasm. 2. To analyse the relationship between the loci and characteristics quality, we utilized the 228 cultivars/lines. The results showed that : For protein content, Glu-D1 >Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1>Glu-A3=Glu-D3. For GMP content, Glu-A3>Glu-B3 >Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A1>Glu-D3. For wet gluten content, Glu-B1>Glu-B3= Glu-D3>Glu-A3>Glu-A1>Glu-D1. For Zeleny sedimentation value, Glu-A1>Glu-B3> Glu-D3>Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A3, For SDS sedimentation value, Glu-B3>Glu-A1= Glu-D1= lu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1。For protein content, the best combination of 6 loci is (1,17+18,5+10,Glu-A3e, Glu-B3g,Glu-D3b). For wet gluten content, the best combination of 6 loci is (1,6+8,5+10,Glu-A3d,Glu-B3c,Glu-D3b). For Zeleny sedimentation value, the best combination of 6 loci is (N,17+18,5+10,Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3b). For SDS sedimentation value, the best combination of 6 loci is(7+8,2.2+12,Glu-A3b, Glu-B3g,Glu-D3b)。Additional, we analysed the relationship between the subunits 5+12 and 2.2+12, think that 5+12 was negative for quality, 2.2+12 is postive for quality. It should be effective utilized. 3. It’s the first time to utilize RILs to study the relationship between subunits expression quantity and characteristics quality. The results showed that: For single subunit, the expression quantity of 7 is the highest. Then the 2, 5, 12 and 10. The expression of subunit 9 and 1 is the lowest. Subunit N is not expressed. For subunits, the expression quantity of x type and y type are 2+12>5+10>7+9>17+18. The significant relation of 5% only showed between the expression quantity of subunit 10 and protein content. The relationship between expression quantity of others and characteristic quality was not significant. For x type/ytype, 2/12 and 5/10 is negative relation insignificant level. For the subunit(s) in a loci, Only 2+12 effect SDS sedimentation value negative in significant level. 4. With RILs 99G45/Jing 771 and Pm97034/Jing 771, we found that: The effective of Glu-A1, Glu-D3 and Glu-D1 * Glu-D3 for protein content is significant at 5% level. The effect of other loci for protein wre not significant. For SDS sedimentation value, the effect of Glu-D1is the highest, which contribution is 4.2 % .Then the Glu-B1, contribution is 3.3%. The effect of other loci for SDS sedimentationvalue were not significant. In total, for protein content: Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3; for SDS sedimentationvalue: Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1>Glu-B3. The effect of alleles in Glu-D1 and Glu-D3 loci are significant at 1% or 5%. In Glu-A1, 1>N; Glu-B1, 7+9>17+18>14+15; Glu-D, 5+10>2+12; Glu-B3, GB>JB>PB; Glu-D3, GB>JB>PB. For SDS sedimentation, Glu-A1, 1>N; Glu-B1, 7+9=17+18>14+15; Glu-D1, 5+10>2+12; Glu-B3, GB>JB>PB; Glu-D3, GB>JB>PB. The best combinations for SDS sedimentation value is 1,7+9,5+10,GB,GD. 5. Because of the difference of GB and PB for SDS sedimentation value, we selected the specific primer for LMW-GS loci to amplified the Glu-B3 of Jing771, 99G45and Pm97034. We got 3 amplify fragment (Gene Bank accession number are DQ539657-DQ539659). We found that the fragment of Pm97034 were deleted a repetitive 7 amino acid domain, which is perhaps the reason effect the gluten strength. Furthermore, in the position 124 of sequence 99G45, L has been replaced with P. Position 158, T replaced M, which may be the reason why the Glu-B3 locus of 99G45 is prefer to Pm97034 when refer to SDS sedimentation value. 6. Comparing the results of RILs and common wheat, we found that perhaps just the1BL/1RS made the difference of loci in different accession.

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通过分析长白山国家级自然保护区内不同海拔(A1:1700 m,A2:1800 m,A3:1900 m,A4:2000 m,A5:2050 m)梯度岳桦叶片中各种生理指标含量的变化,探讨了林线树木适应高山环境的生理机制。结果表明:随着海拔的升高,比叶面积(SLA)显著减小,A5与A1相比下降了35.90%,差异达到显著水平;叶绿素含量随海拔梯度升高而降低,但叶绿素a/b比值(Chla/Chlb)和Car的相对含量(Car/Chl)随海拔梯度升高而增加;在海拔1900 m左右,MDA含量和MP均处于最低水平,各种酶的活性均为最低;当海拔超过2000 m,接近森林分布的界限时,MDA含量和MP升高,并达到最大值,各种酶的活性都出现了一定程度的下降。综合本次研究表明,在海拔1900 m比较适合岳桦的生长;海拔超过2000 m,岳桦体内生理抗性下降,不利于岳桦的生长发育,因此高海拔限制了岳桦的分布。

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在模拟条件下通过筛选选择2种亲水性材料聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸钠,并用2种材料制造了6种包膜肥料SRF-A1、SRF-A2、SRF-A3、SRF-B1、SRF-B2、SRF-B3。并用水浸泡法和土柱淋溶法检验其缓效性,最后得出SRF-A3和SRF-B3在同种材料中具有较好的缓效性。

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土壤风蚀是蒙古高原北部典型草原区土地退化的主导因素之一.运用137Cs核素示踪技术对蒙古国巴彦淖尔、哈拉和林的不同牧场和弃耕地土壤风蚀速率进行了研究.巴彦淖尔草原牧场、割草场采样点土壤风蚀速率在64.58~169.07t·km-2·a-1之间,均为微度侵蚀水平.哈拉和林弃耕地年均土壤风蚀厚度4.05mm·a-1,风蚀速率为6723.06t·km-2·a-1,达强度侵蚀水平,自20世纪60年代开垦以来,表层土壤累计风蚀损失17.4cm.牧场和弃耕地风蚀速率的差异表明,在蒙古高原北部典型草原区,人为翻动表土,发展种植业,会导致严重的土壤风蚀发生,而传统牧业生产方式对土壤表层扰动较少,未导致破坏性的土壤风蚀发生,对维持生态系统稳定性有重要作用.

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用450W高压汞灯照射H3PMo12O40·5H2O和(Bu4N)Br(TBA)的DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)溶液,合成了12-钼磷酸四丁基铵杂多蓝(Bu4N)4[PMo12O40]·2DMF·H2O,用元素分析,IR,固体漫反射电子光谱,ESR,XPS和CV等进行了表征。晶体结构分析表明,标题化合物属单斜晶系,空间群P21/c,晶胞参数a=14.124(3),b=17.481(4),c=22.744(5)A,β=101.66(3)°,V=5500(2)A3,C70H160Mo12N6O43P,Mr=2956.29,Z=2,Dc=1.785g/cm3,F(000)=2970,μ(MoKα)=1.412mm-1,R=0.0638,wR=0.1975。标题化合物是由4个四丁基铵阳离子、1个12-钼磷混合价杂多阴离子[PMo12O40]4-、2个DMF分子和1个水分子构成。

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报道了标题化合物〔C14H18Br2OSn〕的合成及晶体结构。该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间点群为P21/c,晶胞参数a=11.711(2),b=9.114(2),c=16.864(3)A,β=102.94(1)°,V=1604.55(0)A3,Mr=480.78,Z=4,Dc=1.99g/cm3,u=65.20cm-1,F(000)=919,R=0.050,Rw=0.050.晶体结构由直接法解出。标题化合物分子中的锡原子被配体的2个碳、2个溴和1个氧原子配位,配位原子呈畸变的三角双锥构型,环已基为椅式构象,五员杂环为信封构象。