980 resultados para 1b
Resumo:
铁线莲属尾叶铁线莲组是该属中记录种类最多的类群,主要分布在亚洲亚热带至温带地区,少数种类分布至亚洲及非洲的热带地区。由于缺乏野外观察和标本不够丰富等原因,有些种类的分类处理尚不能令人满意,应予修订。尾叶铁线莲组的组下分类系统以及与近缘组之间的系统关系也存在争议,还需深入研究。本文作者经过大量的标本馆工作和全面的文献考证,结合野外观察,对该组植物进行了分类学修订,同时通过基于形态性状的分支系统学和花粉形态研究对尾叶铁线莲组及铁线莲属的系统发育进行了探讨,结果如下: 1.分类修订 通过对国内外近20 个标本馆的5000 余份馆藏标本研究,结合全面的文献考证和广泛的野外观察,发现花丝形态、花药毛被状况、药隔是否凸起、萼片外侧附的属物等性状较为稳定,是分亚组的主要依据。而复叶类型、花序形态及花梗毛被状况、萼片颜色等性状为较好的分种性状。 本文在考证了近140 个种及种下等级的分类学名称后,确认尾叶铁线莲组植物共有37 种20 变种,共分为5 个亚组,另有4 种7 变种暂存疑;2 种、2 变种降为新异名;新组合6 个,其中5 个为改级新组合;发表新亚组1 个;发现中国新纪录变种1 个;纠正了以前研究者工作中对C. aethusifolia var. latisecta 的鉴定错误;初步澄清了C. jingdungensis 及C. jinzhaiensis 的一些名实混乱;指出了前人工作中的一些拼写错误;统一了植物的中文名称,并新拟了15 个分类群的中文名称;给出了各个种的形态描述、地理分布图以及分亚组和分种检索表。 2.分支系统学 在分类修订基础上选取了35 个形态性状,对尾叶铁线莲组的37 个种,和尾叶铁线莲组的近缘组Sect. Bebaeanthera 中的2 个种,以C. alternata 为外类群,利用系统发育分系软件PAUP 4.0 beta 10 对数据矩阵进行分析。共得到182 棵最简约树,树长为182 步,一致性指数(CI)=0.385,保持性指数(RI)=0.685。结果显示:尾叶铁线莲组为一并系类群,Sect. Bebaeanthera 中的两个种:C. pseudopogonandra 和C. barbellata 与Subsect. Otophorae 亲缘关系更为接近,应并入尾叶铁线莲组中;Subsect. Otophorae 与Subsect. Grandiflorae 各自聚为两大支,从分支图基部与其他类群分开,为本组早期分化出的类群;Subsect. Acutangulae 与Subsect. Connatae 中具有红色花的C. lasiandra 和C. dasyandra 近缘;分布于东亚北部地区的Subsect. Aethusifoliae 与分布于我国横断山区的C.rehderiana 和分布于印度的C. roylei 近缘;根据分支系统学分析的结果,对尾叶铁线莲组组下分类系统进行了调整,建立了新亚组Subsect. Otophorae。 3.花粉形态 在扫描电镜下研究了铁线莲属148 种12 变种和锡兰莲属3 个种的花粉形态特征,并在透射电镜下研究了部分种类的花粉外壁结构。 结果表明:铁线莲属花粉粒一般为近球形、球形或扁球形。具三沟的花粉赤道面观为椭圆形或近圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,大小为14.8-32.1 μm ×14.2-28.7 μm;具散沟或散孔的花粉(全为球形)直径大小为14.8-36.6 μm。花粉具三沟、散沟或散孔。在三沟类型中常伴有不同比例的散沟花粉。萌发沟狭长或稍宽,有整齐或不整齐下陷的边缘,沟膜上有颗粒状纹饰或刺状纹饰;萌发孔一般圆形或不规则形,分布不规则。外壁由薄到较厚,厚度为0.8-2.5 μm,外层稍厚于内层。在透射电镜下本属花粉外壁具备被子植物花粉典型的外壁层次,即外壁内层和外壁外层。外壁内层为一层均匀的质密的无结构的层次。外壁外层由3 层组成:覆盖层,柱状层,和基层。覆盖层上均匀分布有小刺状纹饰和小穿孔。 锡兰莲属花粉粒为圆球形,其直径大小为14.9-18.8 μm。具散孔。萌发孔一般圆形,分布不规则,孔膜上有颗粒状纹饰或刺状纹饰。外壁厚度为0.8-1.8 μm,外层稍厚于内层。覆盖层上均匀分布有小刺状纹饰和小穿孔。 根据花粉形态在花粉粒大小、萌发孔的类型和外壁纹饰方面的差异将两个属的花粉分为6 个类型,其中类型1 再分为两个亚型。在这些花粉类型中,类型1 为三沟花粉,类型3 为三沟至散沟花粉,其余类型为散孔花粉。类型1 的亚型 1b 在铁线莲属中分布最广,18 个组中有13 个组具有这种类型的花粉,是铁线莲属中最原始的花粉类型,其他类型和亚型均由此亚型直接或间接演化而来。 推测这两属花粉形态特征的演化趋势为:1. 萌发孔. 三沟→(散沟)→散孔。 2. 花粉粒大小. 小(散孔,直径14.9-18.8 μm)←中等(三沟,24.2 μm ×24.8 μm) →大(散孔,直径28.9-36.5 μm)。3. 表面纹饰. 小刺不明显、分布密集→小刺明显、分布稀疏。 铁线莲属及锡兰莲属花粉形态特征对于这两个属植物的区分以及铁线莲属下组间系统发育关系的探讨具有重要意义。锡兰莲属与铁线莲属中的Sect. Naraveliopsis 亲缘关系紧密;铁线莲属内具有散沟、散孔花粉类型的Sect. Naraveliopsis、Sect. Viticella、Sect. Tubulosa、Sect. Viorna (sensu Tamura 1995)为铁线莲属中的进化类群; Sect. Tubulosa 与Sect. Campanella 亲缘关系较远,而与Sect. Clematis 近缘。
Resumo:
利用RNA减法杂交、差异筛选和5’-RACE等方法从水稻分离到了一花药绒毡层特异表达的基因RA39。Southern 杂交表明,RA39在水稻基因组中是以单拷贝的形式存在的。RT-PCR 结果初步表明,RA39是一水稻花药特异表达的基因。RNA原位杂交进一步表明,RA39主要在水稻花药的绒毡层中表达,而且在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期和四分体时期表达量最高。RA39 cDNA全长1013bp,编码298个氨基酸残基。 RA39 cDNA与数据库中的已知序列没有明显的相似性,由其推测的多肽与核糖体失活蛋白(ribosome-inactivating protein, RIP)的序列相似在19-34%之间。多重序列排列分析结果表明构成RIPs活性位点的5个关键氨基酸残基在RA39中是保守的,在蓖麻毒蛋白中分别为Tyr80、 Tyr123、 Glu177、 Arg180 and Trp211 。利用原核表达系统,通过蛋白质分离和纯化获得了在SDS电泳图谱上为单一条带的纯的RA39蛋白,用兔rRNA作底物进行的酶活性分析证明该蛋白有N-糖基化作用,是一种类型I的核糖体失活蛋白。反义转基因植株的花粉用TTC进行活性染色结果显示其活性明显减弱,成熟的T0代反义转基因植株的结实率明显降低,只有对照的20-60%。这说明,RA39蛋白可能和小孢子母细胞的发育相关。 酵母DMC1是减数分裂过程中同源染色体配对和重组修复所必需的减数分裂特异基因。根据酵母Dmc1和拟南芥AtDmc1的保守区设计简并性引物,通过RT-PCR和RACE等方法,从水稻中分离出了酵母DMC1的同源基因OsDMC1。RT-PCR分析表明,OsDMC1在花中表达量最高,在根中表达量较低,在叶片和幼芽几乎不表达。水稻基因组中有两个拷贝的OsDMC1。OsDmc1蛋白与酵母Dmc1和拟南芥AtDmc1氨基酸一致性分别为53%和81%。 酵母Spo11在减数分裂过程中具有催化DNA双链断裂从而起始同源重组的功能。以酵母Spo11氨基酸序列为探针和现有的数据库通过数据分析,结合RACE技术,克隆了水稻SPO11同源基因OsSPO11-1, OsSPO11-1是一个单拷贝基因,有3个外显子和2个内含子,在转录过程中通过内含子的可变剪切产生4个不同的转录本(OsSPO11-1A、OsSPO11-1B、OsSPO11-1C和OsSPO11-1),其中,OsSPO11-1A是一个未剪切的转录本,OsSPO11-1B包含内含子2,OsSPO11-1C包含内含子1,OsSPO11-1D是一个完全剪切的转录本。这些转录本编码的蛋白有一致的246氨基酸残基的C-端,包含了Spo11/TopVIA家族蛋白共有的5个功能基元,是该家族的新成员。OsSPO11-1A和 OsSPO11-1C在花中优势积累,OsSPO11-1B是花特异的,而OsSPO11-1D在营养器官中优势积累。在花中该基因主要在减数分裂的花粉母细胞和胚曩中表达,在减数分裂期的绒毡层细胞和不同花器官的微管束细胞中也表达。这些结果说明内含子涉及到了OsSPO11-1表达的器官特异性调节,该基因除了参与减数分裂的调节外,在体细胞的发育中可能起重要作用。
Resumo:
一种抗人免疫缺陷病毒I型(HIV-1)p24蛋白的单克隆抗体及其应用,属生物技术领域。单克隆抗体的免疫原为HIV-1B亚型p24基因工程重组蛋白;是由免疫小鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合产生的杂交瘤p3JB9、p5F1和p6F4细胞系分泌产生;属于免疫球蛋白IgG1型;与猴免疫缺陷病毒SIVAGM、猴逆转录D型病毒SRV交叉反应;与CCR5 嗜性病毒株HIVAda-M和耐药株HIV74V反应;p5F1和p6F4能与临床分离株HIVKM018反应,而 p3JB9不能与临床分离株HIVKM018反应。单克隆抗体可以与其它单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体组合,或可作放射性同位素、酶、荧光素化合物、化学发光化合物或胶体金属离子的标记,用于制备定性或定量检测各种体液、培养上清或细胞、组织中p24抗原的试剂。具有制备方法简单,效价高;单克隆抗体特异性强,灵敏度高。
Resumo:
Attached to hard substrata on our shores occur the branching colonies of gorgonian corals of the genus Muricella (Fig. 1A, Pl. 1B, C, D). Since there is no report on this genus from Pakistan this report be taken as the first record from here. The family Ovulidae comprises several hundred species of marine gastropods, all of which appear to be obligate associates of cnidarians as stated by Robertson (1970) and Hadfield (1976); the present ovulid gastropod genus Crenovolva lives exclusively on the gorgonians (Morton, 1989). Tirmizi and Zehra (1984) recorded thirty-two families of gastropods from Pakistan, but not any representative of the Ovulidae, so the material at hand may be the first record from Pakistan. Since we are unable to reach to specific level the material is being reported as unspecified.
Resumo:
:本文报道了酶解盐解、@ A !?) 树脂吸附、沉淀剂1’B<< A % 去蛋白和C!D! 氧化制 取牛肺精品肝素钠的工艺。结果显示,精品效价%?(E6F+ G HI、质量符合出口标准,产率比 传统工艺提高!!&>J;下脚料A 肺渣可用以制取饲料蛋白。
Resumo:
银额果蝇的B染色体在其生长和发育过程中具双重性调节作用。一方面, B染色体以单一的形式存在于单雌系核型中, 即1B或2Bs可刺激生长发育,增强生活力。另一方面, 在单雌系的细胞中存在多条B染色体, 并形成核型多态性, 似乎对生长发育有一定的抑制作用而减弱其生活力。图1表1参5
Resumo:
A common approach to visualise multidimensional data sets is to map every data dimension to a separate visual feature. It is generally assumed that such visual features can be judged independently from each other. However, we have recently shown that interactions between features do exist [Hannus et al. 2004; van den Berg et al. 2005]. In those studies, we first determined individual colour and size contrast or colour and orientation contrast necessary to achieve a fixed level of discrimination performance in single feature search tasks. These contrasts were then used in a conjunction search task in which the target was defined by a combination of a colour and a size or a colour and an orientation. We found that in conjunction search, despite the matched feature discriminability, subjects significantly more often chose an item with the correct colour than one with correct size or orientation. This finding may have consequences for visualisation: the saliency of information coded by objects' size or orientation may change when there is a need to simultaneously search for colour that codes another aspect of the information. In the present experiment, we studied whether a colour bias can also be found in a more complex and continuous task, Subjects had to search for a target in a node-link diagram consisting of SO nodes, while their eye movements were being tracked, Each node was assigned a random colour and size (from a range of 10 possible values with fixed perceptual distances). We found that when we base the distances on the mean threshold contrasts that were determined in our previous experiments, the fixated nodes tend to resemble the target colour more than the target size (Figure 1a). This indicates that despite the perceptual matching, colour is judged with greater precision than size during conjunction search. We also found that when we double the size contrast (i.e. the distances between the 10 possible node sizes), this effect disappears (Figure 1b). Our findings confirm that the previously found decrease in salience of other features during colour conjunction search is also present in more complex (more 'visualisation- realistic') visual search tasks. The asymmetry in visual search behaviour can be compensated for by manipulating step sizes (perceptual distances) within feature dimensions. Our results therefore also imply that feature hierarchies are not completely fixed and may be adapted to the requirements of a particular visualisation. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.
Resumo:
采用PCR技术获得中国鲇形目鱼类 1 1科 2 4属 2 7个代表种类细胞色素b基因 1 1 3 8bp全序列 ,比较分析了来自北美洲、非洲的部分鲇形目鱼类同一基因序列 ,并选取脂鲤目、鲤形目和鲱形目鱼类作外类群 ,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法 (MP)构建分子系统树。结果表明 :(1 )鲇形目鱼类细胞色素b基因序列中 ,与脂鲤目、鲤形目以及鲱形目鱼类相比存在 3bp的缺失 ;(2 )鲇形目鱼类各科代表种类形成一单系群 ;(3 )两种建树方法均支持科、粒鲇科和钝头科形成一单系群 ;而胡子鲇科、
Resumo:
石爬属鱼类的青石爬和黄石爬的物种界限一直不清楚。采用形态判别和线粒体 16SrRNA基因序列分析相结合的方法 ,分别研究分析了青石爬和黄石爬的物种划分、地理分化及遗传多态性。结果表明 :(1)区别青石爬和黄石爬的重要特征腹鳍起点至臀鳍起点的距离是否大于至鳃孔下角的距离 ,腹鳍相对位置 ,头部相对大小与上颌须的须状延长部分等相互之间有一定的相关性 ,但是在研究的样本中没有截然的界限 ,而是有较大的重叠 ,难以区分 ;(2 )从地埋分布看 ,金沙江不同支流的样本在上述特征上有一定的区别 ,但是没
Resumo:
采用PCR技术获得了中国科鱼类代表种类线粒体DNA控制区基因的全序列 ,对控制区基因结构进行了分析 ,并选用粒鲇科的中华粒鲇 ,科的三线纹胸作为外类群 ,用最大简约法 (MP)和邻接法 (NJ)构建了系统发育树。结果显示科鱼类中控制区基因适于系统发育分析 ,科鱼类构成一个单系类群 ;圆尾拟应该放入属里。
Resumo:
<正> 葡萄藻作为一种新的再生性能源的研究,已引起了不少学者的重视。其中较为关键的是对葡萄藻所含脂类物质的研究。过去通常采用重量法及各类色谱法测定植物中的脂类物质。这些方法不但繁琐,而且均需一个较长时间的提取过程。近年来国外采用一种新型染料——尼罗
Resumo:
A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1a is synthesized, and the photochromic properties of it are also investigated. The compound exhibits good photochromism with UV/ visible light irradiation. Compound 1a in polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA ) film changes color upon 313- nm light irradiation from colorless to blue, in which the absorption maximum is observed at 587 nm. Photon- mode polarization multiplexing holographic optical recording is performed successfully using this compound as a recording medium. In the diarylethene 1b/ PMMA film, polarization multiplexing hologram recording and retrieval, and a combination with the angular multiplexing scheme, are demonstrated systematically. The results indicate that recording capacity can be significantly improved with the combined method of polarization and angular multiplexing holographic recording. (C) 2008 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Resumo:
本论文探讨了烯烃聚合催化剂的合成及其用于聚合的研究,合成的催化剂是不含桥基的IVB族的茂金属化合物。共合成了十九个茂金属化合物:(~tBuC_5H_4)CpMCl_2[M=Ti(1a),Zr(1b)]; Me_3SiC_5H_4CpMCl_2[M=Ti(2a), Zr(2b)];~tBu_2C_5H_3CpMCl_2[M=Ti(3a),Zr(3b)];C_5H_9IndCpMCl_2[M=Ti(4a),Zr(4b)];PhCH_2IndCpMCl_2[M=Ti(5a),Zr(5b)];(~tBu_2C_5H_3)_2MCl~2[M=Ti(6a),Zr(6b),Hf(6c)];(C_5H_9Ind)_2MCl_2[M=Ti(7a),Zr(7b),Hf(7c)];(PhCH_2C_6H_5)_2MCl_2[M=Ti(8a),Zr(8b),Hf(8c)]。这十九个化合物分别通过EI-MS,~1H-NMR,IR 和元素分析进行了表征。用所合成的十九种茂金属化合物与甲基铝氧烷作为催化体系,在常温常压下,研究了乙烯聚合反应。得到的主要结论如下:(1)1a,2a, 5b 8b 催化活性最好。(2)1a 在铝钛比等于 1167 时聚合效率最高,2a 在铝钛比等于 1500 时聚合效率最高, 5b 在铝锆比大于 2955 时聚合效率最高,8b 在铝锆比等于 1667 时聚合效率最高。(3)相同的聚合条件下,催化效率是 1a<2a,8b<5b。(4)由聚合物的DSC表征中可见,所得聚合物的结晶度是 1a<2a,5b>8b。(5)由聚合物的分子量的测定可知,所得聚合物的分子量是 1a>2a ,5b<8b,由 8b 催化得到的聚合物的分子量最大。
Resumo:
干扰素(IFNs)是最早发现的具有广泛用途的一类细胞因子,IFN-α通过JAK/STAT信号途径调控机体一系列生理和病理反应。至今尚未发现类干扰素的小分子。我们前期研究发现天然产物毛蕊异黄酮可激活干扰素诱导的JAK/STAT信号途径。为发现类干扰素小分子、获得小分子探针,本课题拟建立成熟的JAK/STAT信号途径的筛选模型,合成毛蕊异黄酮及其类似物,研究这些化合物的构效关系,进而尝试通过共价键标记生物素或香豆素来直接研究它们与相关受体的作用。 从异香草醛出发经7步合成反应得到了毛蕊异黄酮。采用平行合成策略得到异黄酮类化合物;采用分支式合成策略,以取代苯乙酸作为合成砌块,获得具有与异黄酮类似结构的香豆素、3-芳基喹诺酮。与分离得到的黄酮类化合物,构建了一个包括异黄酮、黄酮、香豆素、3-芳基喹诺酮在内的化合物库。 建立了包含IFN-α刺激反应元件 (ISRE)的荧光素酶报告基因体系,通过筛选化合物库中的化合物,发现异黄酮骨架为激活JAK/STAT信号途径必须结构、毛蕊异黄酮7-位酚羟基被取代后活性丧失。根据以上结果,对毛蕊异黄酮3′-位标记物的合成进行了初步尝试。 发现山茱萸科植物青荚叶(Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr.)有抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)的活性。从其地上部分95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离得到5个化合物,应用波谱方法及与已知品对照的手段鉴定它们为p-menth-2-en-1β, 4β, 8-triol (Z-1)、blumenol A (Z-2)、2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-五羟基查尔酮(Z-3)、洋芹素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Z-4)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Z-5). Interferons (IFNs) are one kind of cytokines with broad functions. IFN-α mediates series physiological and pathological changes of human body via JAK/STAT pathway. Untill now, no IFNs-like small molecules are discovered. In our preliminary experiment, the natural product calycosin has been observed to activate JAK/STAT pathway. Therefore, we establish a luciferase reporter gene system and synthesize calycosin and its analogues to reveal their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Besides, in order to prove that calycosin activates JAK/STAT pathway through IFN receptor, we attempted to tag it with biotin or coumarin by covalent bonding. Calycosin was synthesized from isovanillin via seven steps. Other isoflavones were obtained by parallel synthesis; coumarins and quinolones were prepared through divergent synthesis, using substituted phenylacetic acids as building blocks. Combing with natural flavones, a small molecule library was established. A luciferase reporter gene system, consisting of 5 copies of the ISRE (interferon-stimulated response element), was used for screening of small molecules from that library. We found that the core-structure of isoflavone was necessary, and if the 7-OH is substituted, the activity slumps. According to our observation, we tried to tag biotin or coumarin at 3′-OH of calycosin. The 95% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. showed protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. Five compounds were isolated. On the basis of spectral data or by comparison with authentic samples, they were identified as p-menth-2-en-1β,4β,8-triol (1), blumenol A (2), 2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-pentahydroxychalcone (3), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5).
Resumo:
本论文由三章组成。第一章阐述了藏药水菖蒲的化学成分研究,共分离鉴定了39个化学成分,其中6个为新化合物。第二章报道了几种忍冬属植物的HPLC、HPLC-MS、GC分析以及抑菌活性、重金属含量测定结果。第三章概述了菖蒲属植物的研究进展。 第一章报道了水菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)化学成分的分离纯化与结构鉴定。采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等分离方法,从水菖蒲的根中共分离出41个化合物,通过红外、质谱、核磁共振及X-ray单晶衍射等波谱方法和模拟计算方法鉴定了其中39个化合物的结构,主要为倍半萜、苯丙素、甾体类化合物。其中含有5个新的倍半萜类化合物和1系列新的甾体皂苷衍生物。经波谱分析将它们的结构鉴定为 1b, 7a(H)-cadinane-4a, 6a, 10a-triol (1), (2R,6R,7S,9S)-1(10), 4-cadinadiene-2, 9-diol (2), 1a, 5b-guaiane-10a-O-ethyl-4b, 6b-diol (7), 6b, 7b(H)-cadinane-1a, 4a, 10a-triol (13),(1R,4R,6S,10R)-1-hydroxy-7(11)-cadinen-5, 8-dione (14), 4′-O-正n碳酰基-3-O- β-D-葡萄糖基谷甾醇(n=14, 16, 18, 22) (15)。 第二章包括四个部分。第一部分报道了忍冬属三种植物40个样品的HPLC测定和对主要活性成分绿原酸的定量分析结果,以及运用HPLC-MS技术对色谱图中8个峰进行指认。在此基础上,考察了种植和采收多个因素对绿原酸含量的影响。第二部分报道了忍冬属三种植物27个样品的GC分析,根据样品的挥发性成分的保留时间对不同样品进行了定性比较,并考察了花期及海拔高度对植物挥发性成分的影响。第三、四部分分别阐述了灰毡毛忍冬和红腺忍冬的体外抑菌活性研究和重金属含量测定结果。 第三章全面系统地概述了菖蒲属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展。 This dissertation is composed by three chapters. The first chapter elaborates the phytochemical investigation of Acorus calamus L. Thirty-nine compounds including six new compounds were isolated and identified. The second chapter reports the research on genus Lonicera by HPLC, HPLC-MS and GC. Antifungal activity and heavy metals measurement of genus Lonicera were reported. The third chapter is a review about the research progress on the plant family of Acorus. The first chapter focuses on the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Acorus calamus L.. Forty-one compounds were isolated from the root of Acorus calamus L. by repeat column chromatography over normal and reversed phase silica gel, the structure of thirty-nine compounds was identified by spectroscopic methods and computational methods, including IR, MS, NMR and X-ray. Those compounds mainly belonged to sesquiterpene, phenylpropanoid and steroid. Among them, five are new sesquiterpenes and one series are new steroid glycoside derivatives. Their structure were suggested as 1b, 7a(H)-cadinane-4a, 6a, 10a-triol (1), (2R,6R,7S,9S)-1(10), 4-cadinadiene-2, 9-diol (2), 1a, 5b-guaiane-10a-O-ethyl-4b, 6b- diol (7), 6b, 7b(H)-cadinane-1a, 4a, 10a-triol (13), (1R,4R,6S,10R)-1-hydroxy-7(11)- cadinen-5, 8-dione (14), 4′-O-carbonyl-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-sitosterol (carbonyl = tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecyl, docosanoyl) (15). The second chapter consists of four parts. The first part reports the HPLC analysis of forty samples of the genus Lonicera, and the quantitative investigation of chlorogenic acid in these samples by HPLC analysis. Relationship between the content of chlorogenic acid in different samples and their planting conditions and harvesting time were discussed. Furthermore, eight compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their mass spectra and UV spectra profiles. The second part is about qualitative analysis of the volatile constituent in twenty-seven samples of genus Lonicera by GC. The effect of planting altitude and harvesting time on the volatile constituent was also investigated. The third and fourth parts describe the antifungal activity and content of some kinds of heavy metals of L. macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. and L. hypoglauca Miq.. The third chaspter is a review about the research progress of the plant family of Acorus.