Mitochondrial uncoupling prevents cold-induced oxidative stress: a case study using UCP1 knockout mice.

The relationship between metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondria has often been (wrongly) viewed as straightforward, with increased metabolism leading to higher generation of pro-oxidants. Insights into mitochondrial functioning show that oxygen consumption is principally coupled with either energy conversion as ATP or as heat, depending on whether the ATP-synthase or the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is driving respiration. However, these two processes might greatly differ in terms of oxidative costs. We used a cold challenge to investigate the oxidative stress consequences of an increased metabolism achieved either by the activation of an uncoupled mechanism (i.e. UCP1 activity) in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of wild-type mice or by ATP-dependent muscular shivering thermogenesis in mice deficient for UCP1. Although both mouse strains increased their metabolism by more than twofold when acclimatised for 4 weeks to moderate cold (12°C), only mice deficient for UCP1 suffered from elevated levels of oxidative stress. When exposed to cold, mice deficient for UCP1 showed an increase of 20.2% in plasmatic reactive oxygen metabolites, 81.8% in muscular oxidized glutathione and 47.1% in muscular protein carbonyls. In contrast, there was no evidence of elevated levels of oxidative stress in the plasma, muscles or BAT of wild-type mice exposed to cold despite a drastic increase in BAT activity. Our study demonstrates differing oxidative costs linked to the functioning of two highly metabolically active organs during thermogenesis, and advises careful consideration of mitochondrial functioning when investigating the links between metabolism and oxidative stress.

Meta-analysis identifies multiple loci associated with kidney function-related traits in east Asian populations.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), impairment of kidney function, is a serious public health problem, and the assessment of genetic factors influencing kidney function has substantial clinical relevance. Here, we report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for kidney function-related traits, including 71,149 east Asian individuals from 18 studies in 11 population-, hospital- or family-based cohorts, conducted as part of the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN). Our meta-analysis identified 17 loci newly associated with kidney function-related traits, including the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine levels (eGFRcrea) (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)). We further examined these loci with in silico replication in individuals of European ancestry from the KidneyGen, CKDGen and GUGC consortia, including a combined total of ∼110,347 individuals. We identify pleiotropic associations among these loci with kidney function-related traits and risk of CKD. These findings provide new insights into the genetics of kidney function.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre d'« ELIZABET », reine d'Espagne, à la reine Catherine de Médicis, sa mère ; 2 Lettre, en espagnol, de « el duque DE ALVA,... a la reyna de Francia madre... De Madrid, a XIIII° de junio 1562 » ; 3 Lettre d'« ELIZABET [reine d'Espagne]... à la royne, madame ma bonne mere... De Toledo, le IIe jour de may 1561 » ; 4 Lettre, en espagnol, de « el duque DE ALVA,... a la reyna, madre del rey... De Toledo, a XXIII de enero 1561 » ; 5 Lettre, en espagnol, de « la condesa DE UREÑA,... a... la reina, [madre del] rey de Francia... De Toledo, diez y siete de mayo de 1561 » ; 6 Lettre de « S[EBASTIEN] DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Madril, ce IIIe jour de janvier 1561 » ; 7 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Madril, ce XXIIe de janvier 1561 » ; 8 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Madril en Castille, ce IXe de mars 1562, avant Pasques » ; 9 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXVIIe d'avril 1561 » ; 10 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à monsieur de Fresne, conseiller du roy, secretaire d'Estat et de ses finances... De Tolledo, se VIII de may » ; 11 « Memoyre de Mr Lymoges [S. DE LAUBESPINE], du IXe de may » 156 sur les affaires politiques de l'Europe en général et de l'Espagne en particulier ; 12 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Toledo, ce IXe de may 1561 » ; 13 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy... De Toledo, ce Xe de may 1561 » ; 14 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce Xe de may 1561 » ; 15 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS DE CLEVES,... conte D'EU,... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIe de may 1561 » ; 16 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIIe de may 1561 » ; 17 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIIIe de may 1561 » ; 18 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy... De Toledo, ce XXe de may 1561 » ; 19 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXme de may 1561 » ; 20 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXe de may 1561 » ; 21 « Memoire de Mr DE LYMOGES, du XXme de may 1561 », sur l'arrivée du « conte d'Heu,... en Hespaigne » ; 22 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXIXe de may 1561 » ; 23 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Illesques, ce premier de juing 1561 » ; 24 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Illesques, ce XIIIIe juing 1561 » ; 25 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Illesques, ce XIIIIe de juing 1561 » ; 26 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à monsieur de Fresque,... De Illesques, ce XIIIe de juing » ; 27 Lettre, en espagnol, du roi PHILIPPE II « a Don Garcia de Toledo, viserey de Cataluña... De Toledo, a dos de mayo 1561 ». Copie ; 28 Lettre, en espagnol, du roi PHILIPPE II à « don Juan de Mendoça,... capitan general de las galeras d'España... En Toledo, a primero de mayo de myll y quinientos y sesenta y un años ». Copie ; 29 « O que Sua Alteza [JEAN III] responde ao que o sennor de Sam Sulpice Ihe dise da parte do... rey de França, sobre o acontecido no forte que o cavaleiro de Vilaganham [Villegaignon] fez na provintia do Brasyl he ». Copie, en portugais ; 30 « Extraict des informations faictes en Toledo, le second jour du moys de may mil cinq cens soixante et ung, par le docteur Suares de Toledo, alcade de court, sur quelques rapportz faictz à Sa Majesté catholique qu'aucuns François avoient mené, porté et deschargé en Arger grandes munitions de guerre contre les traictés de paix » ; 31 Extrait « de la despeche de monsieur de Lymoges, du XXIXe may 1561, à Toledo », sur la capture du « navire le Chien », faite « par don Jouan de Mendosse en Catalougne » ; 32 Lettre, en portugais, de « donna CATHERINNA, rainha de Portugual... a donna Catherina, rainha de França... De Lixbôa, a V de mayo de 1561 » ; 33 Lettre, en portugais, « de CATHERINNA, rainha de Portugual... a Dom Carlos, rey de França... Lixbôa, a V de mayo de 1561 » ; 34 Lettre, en portugais, du cardinal HENRI DE PORTUGAL au roi de France Charles IX. « De Lisbôa, a 3 de janeiro de 1561 » ; 35 Lettre, en portugais, de « Dom SEBASTIAM, rey de Portugual,... a donna Catherina, rainha de França... A Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 36 Lettre, en portugais, de « CATHERINA, rainha de Portugual, a Dom Charles, rey de França... Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 37 Lettre, en portugais, de « CATHERINA, rainha de Portugual, a donna Catherina, raynha de França... Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 38 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA », datée de « Lixbôa, a VIII de janeiro de M.D.LXI » ; 39 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA », datée de « Lixbôa, a VIII de janeiro de M.D.LXI » ; 40 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA » au « rey de França... Em Lixbôa, a cinco de maio de 1561 » ; 41 Lettre, en portugais, du cardinal HENRI au « rei de França » Charles IX, datée de « Lisbôa, 5 de maio de 1561 » ; 42 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « dona MARIA » à la « raynha de França... De Lixbôa, a cingo de mayo de M.D.LXI » ; 43 Lettre de l'ambassadeur en Portugal « J. NICOT,... au roy [Charles IX]... De Lisbonne, ce XIIe jour d'apvril 1561 » ; 44 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XIIe jour d'avril M.D.LXI » ; 45 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XVI avril M.D.LXI » ; 46 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce sixiesme jour de may 1561 » ; 47 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce VIe jour de may 1561 » ; 48 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce VIe jour de may 1561 » ; 49 « Information » sur la saisie faite par J. NICOT d'un « navire françoys... Lisbonne, ce vingt deuxiesme jour... de may, mil cinq cens soixante ung ». Signé : « J. NICOT », et autres ; 50 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce XXVIIIe jour du mois de may 1561 » ; 51 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XXVIIIe jour de may M.V.C.LXI » ; 52 Lettre de « S[EBASTIEN] DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Limoges... au roy... D'Illesques, ce XIIIIe de juing 1561 » ; 53 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce XXme jour du moys de juing 1561 » ; 54 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XXe jour de juing M.D.LXI » ; 55 « Double du memoyre baillé au roy Charles pour a marchandize sequestrée à Barselonne » ; 56 Lettre, en portugais, de « JULIAN ROMERO,... al... obispo de Limoja [Sébastien de Laubespine], enbaxador por el rey de Françia... De Malaga, y de abril 17 de 1561 » ; 57 « Information, en espaignol, contre ceulx qui de Provence portent des munitions aux Turcqs d'Argeies » ; 58 Lettre du « cappitaine BOILLEAU,... à monseigneur l'anbassadeur de France... De St Jacques, ce XIIIe avril 1561 »

Timing of di-ammonium phosphate addition to fermenting chardonnay must : effect on nitrogen utilization, ethyl-carbamate formation, and CAR1 expression by yeast /

The maximum amount of ethyl carbamate (EC), a known animal carcinogen produced by the reaction of urea and ethanol, allowed in alcoholic beverages is regulated by legislation in many countries. Wine yeast produce urea by the metabolism of arginine, the predominant assimilable amino acid in must. This action is due to arginase (encoded by CARl). Regulation of CARl, and other genes in this pathway, is often attributed to a well-documented phenomenon known as nitrogen catabolite repression. The effect of the timing of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) additions on the nitrogen utilization, regulation of CARl, and EC production was investigated. A correlation was found between the timing of DAP addition and the utilization of nitrogen. When DAP was added earlier in the fermentations, less amino nitrogen and more ammonia nitrogen was sequestered from the media by the cells. It was also seen that early DAP addition led to more total nitrogen being used, with a maximal difference of ~25% between fermentations where no DAP was added versus addition at the start of the fermentation. The effect of the timing ofDAP addition on the expression of CARJ during fermentation was analyzed via northern transfer and the relative levels of CARl expression were determined. The trends in expression can be correlated to the nitrogen data and be used to partially explain differences in EC formation between the treatments. EC was quantified at the end of fermentation by GC/MS. In Montrachet yeast, a significant positive correlation was found between the timing of DAP addition, from early to late, and the final EC concentration m the wine (r = 0.9226). In one of the fermentations, EC levels of 30.5 ppb was foimd when DAP was added at the onset of fermentation. A twofold increase (69.5 ppb) was observed when DAP was added after 75% of the sugars were metabolized. When no DAP was added, the ethyl carbamate levels are comparable at a value of 38 ppb. In contrast, the timing of DAP additions do not affect the level EC produced by the yeast ECU 18 in this manner. The study of additional yeast strains shows that the effect of DAP addition to fermentations is strain dependent. Our results reveal the potential importance of the timing of DAP addition to grape must with respect to EC production, and the regulatory effect of DAP additions on the expression of genes in the pathway for arginine metabolism in certain wine yeast strains.

NMR studies of mixed tetrahaloborates and some related boron trihalide complexes /|nGary John Schrobilgen. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study donor-acceptor complexes of boron trifluoride with several ureas, tetramethylthiourea, tetramethylselenourea, and tetramethylquanidine as well as adducts of tetramethyl- -urea with BF2Cl, BFC1 2 , and BC1 3 - A large number of mixed tetrahaloborate ions, including some of the ternary ones such as BF2CIBr-,have been obtained by ligand exchange reactions and studied by NMR techniques. The bonding in these ions is of the same inherent interest as the bonding in the isoelectronic tetrahalomethanes which have been the subject of many detailed studies and have been involved in a controversy concerning the existence of and the nature of "fluorine hyperconjugation" or C-F P1T- Pn bonding_ Ligand exchange reactions also gave rise to the difluoroboron cation, (TMU)20BF2+o The difluoroboron cation has been observed in solutions of TMU-BF3 , and has been proposed as a possible intermediate for fluorine exchange reactions in BF3 adducts.

Assessing the influence of irrigation and fertigation on fruit composition, vine performance and wine quality in a cool, humid climate /

A study was devised to evaluate influences of irrigation and fertigation practices on Vitis vinifera and Vitis labruscana grapes in the Niagara Peninsula. A modified FAO Penman- Monteith evapotranspiration formula was used to calculate water budgets and schedule irrigations. Five deficit irrigation treatments (non-irrigated control; deficits imposed postbloom, lag phase, and veraison; fiiU season irrigation) were employed in a Chardonnay vineyard. Transpiration rate (4-7 /xg H20/cmVs) and soil moisture data demonstrated that the control and early deficit treatments were under water stress throughout the season. The fiiU season irrigation treatment showed an 18% (2001) and 19% (2002) increase in yield over control due to increased berry weight. Soluble solids and wine quality were not compromised, and the fiiU season treatment showed similar or higher °Brix than all other treatments. Berry titratable acidity andpH also fell within acceptable levels for all five treatments. Irrigation/fertigation timing trials were conducted on Concord and Niagara vines in 2001- 02. The six Concord treatments consisted of a non-irrigated control, irrigation fi^om Eichhom and Lorenz (EL) stage 12 to harvest, and four fertigation treatments which applied 70 kg/ha urea. The nine Niagara treatments included a non-irrigated control, two irrigated treatments (ceasing at veraison and harvest, respectively) and six fertigation treatments of various durations. Slight yield increases (ca. 10% in Concord; 29% in Niagara) were accompanied by small decreases in soluble solids (1.5°Brix), and methyl anthranilate concentrations. Transpiration rate and soil moisture (1 1.9-16.3%) data suggested that severe water stress was present in these Toledo clay based vineyards.

Characterization of the state transition in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. 7002 and a phycobilisome-less Mutant

ABSTRACT Photosynthetic state transitions were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 in both wild-type cells and mutant cells lacking phycobilisomes. Preillumination in the presence of DCMU (3(3,4 dichlorophenyl) 1,1 dimethyl urea) induced state 1 and dark adaptation induced state 2 in both wild-type and mutant cells as determined by 77K fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Light-induced transitions were observed in the wildtype after preferential excitation of phycocyanin (state 2) or preferential excitation of chlorophyll .a. (state 1). The state 1 and 2 transitions in the wild-type had half-times of approximately 10 seconds. Cytochrome f and P-700 oxidation kinetics could not be correlated with any current state transition model as cells in state 1 showed faster oxidation kinetics regardless of excitation wavelength. Light-induced transitions were also observed in the phycobilisomeless mutant after preferential excitation of short wavelength chlorophyll !l. (state 2) or carotenoids and long wavelength chlorophyll it (state 1). One-dimensional electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in phosphorylation patterns of resolved proteins between wild-type cells in state 1 and state 2. It is concluded that the mechanism of the light state transition in cyanobacteria does not require the presence of the phycobilisome. The results contradict proposed models for the state transition which require an active role for the phycobilisome.

Reduced power output in skeletal muscles devoid of skMLCK: RLC phosphorylation contributes to peak performance

Regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation in fast twitch muscle is catalyzed by skeletal myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK), a reaction known to increase muscle force, work, and power. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of RLC phosphorylation on the power of mouse fast muscle during high frequency (100 Hz) concentric contractions. To determine peak power shortening ramps (1.05 to 0.90 Lo) were applied to Wildtype (WT) and skMLCK knockout (skMLCK-/-) EDL muscles at a range of shortening velocities between 0.05-0.65 of maximal shortening velocity (Vmax), before and after a conditioning stimulus (CS). As a result, mean power was increased to 1.28 ± 0.05 and 1.11 ± .05 of pre-CS values, when collapsed for shortening velocity in WT and skMLCK-/-, respectively (n = 10). In addition, fitting each data set to a second order polynomial revealed that WT mice had significantly higher peak power output (27.67 ± 1.12 W/ kg-1) than skMLCK-/- (25.97 ± 1.02 W/ kg-1), (p < .05). No significant differences in optimal velocity for peak power were found between conditions and genotypes (p > .05). Analysis with Urea Glycerol PAGE determined that RLC phosphate content had been elevated in WT muscles from 8 to 63 % while minimal changes were observed in skMLCK-/- muscles: 3 and 8 %, respectively. Therefore, the lack of stimulation induced increase in RLC phosphate content resulted in a ~40 % smaller enhancement of mean power in skMLCK-/-. The increase in power output in WT mice suggests that RLC phosphorylation is a major potentiating component required for achieving peak muscle performance during brief high frequency concentric contractions.

Tuberculosis pulmonar enfoque epidemiológico, noroeste Monterrey, Nuevo León, México 1980-1983

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Salud en el Trabajo) UANL

Separación de bienes de la abstracción judicial con relación a la acción de separación en el Derecho Positivo Mexicano

[Tesis] ( Maestría en Derecho Mercantil ) U.A.N.L.

La canalla

UANL

En busca de la dicha

UANL

El supremo instante

UANL

La enciclopédia del vicio

UANL

Évaluation pré-clinique du (–)-[18F]FEOBV: Profil métabolique plasmatique.

Introduction. Plusieurs maladies neurodégénératives bénéficieraient de meilleures ap-proches diagnostiques, dont la maladie d’Alzheimer. Celle-ci affecte en particulier les systèmes cholinergiques du SNC, et de nombreuses études d’imagerie ont tenté d’évaluer la dégénérescence de ce système à des fins diagnostiques, à l’aide de ligands radioactifs de diverses composantes du système ACh. En définitive, la plupart de ces études ne se sont pas montrées satisfaisantes. À la recherche de meilleures approches dans ce domaine, nous avons décidé d’évaluer les possibilités offertes par le (-)-[18F]Fluoroethoxy-benzovesamicol ((-)-[18F]FEOBV), un agent émetteur de positons se liant au VAChT de façon spécifique et réversible. Avant d’en arriver à une utilisation humaine cependant, une validation animale en plusieurs étapes s’avère nécessaire, mais celle-ci nous est apparue justifiée à la lumière de résultats d’études préliminaires en TEP chez le rat, qui se sont montrées très prometteuses. Nous nous sommes donc attaqués à la caractérisation du métabolisme de cet agent. Ceci a exigé, dans un premier temps, la mise au point d’une méthode chromatographique d’analyse des métabolites sanguins et, dans un deuxième temps, l’évaluation de ces métabolites et de leur cinétique chez le rat. Ces données permettront ultérieurement, chez l’humain, de procéder à des études quantitatives en TEP. Étude #1: Une fois les paramètres chromatographiques optimisés, le TR du (–)-FEOBV fut établi à 7.92 ± 0.18 minutes. Étude #2 : Le métabolisme in vivo s’est montré très rapide et temporellement variable, mais un seul métabolite hydrophile a été identifié. La fonction d’apport au cerveau du (–)-[18F]FEOBV a pu être établie après correction pour la présence du métabolite détecté. Conclusion. Dans l’ensemble, le (–)-[18F]FEOBV semble très prometteur en tant que marqueur biologique du système cholinergique pré-synaptique.