Postantifungal Effect of Micafungin against the Species Complexes of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis

Micafungin is an effective antifungal agent useful for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. Candida albicans is the most common cause of invasive candidiasis; however, infections due to non-C. albicans species, such as Candida parapsilosis, are rising. Killing and postantifungal effects (PAFE) are important factors in both dose interval choice and infection outcome. The aim of this study was to determinate the micafungin PAFE against 7 C. albicans strains, 5 Candida dubliniensis, 2 Candida Africana, 3 C. parapsilosis, 2 Candida metapsilosis and 2 Candida orthopsilosis. For PAFE studies, cells were exposed to micafungin for 1 h at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 8 mu g/ml. Time-kill experiments (TK) were conducted at the same concentrations. Samples were removed at each time point (0-48 h) and viable counts determined. Micafungin (2 mu g/ml) was fungicidal (>= 3 log(10) reduction) in TK against 5 out of 14 (36%) strains of C. albicans complex. In PAFE experiments, fungicidal endpoint was achieved against 2 out of 14 strains (14%). In TK against C. parapsilosis, 8 mu g/ml of micafungin turned out to be fungicidal against 4 out 7 (57%) strains. Conversely, fungicidal endpoint was not achieved in PAFE studies. PAFE results for C. albicans complex (41.83 +/- 2.18 h) differed from C. parapsilosis complex (8.07 +/- 4.2 h) at the highest tested concentration of micafungin. In conclusion, micafungin showed significant differences in PAFE against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis complexes, being PAFE for the C. albicans complex longer than for the C. parapsilosis complex.

Triglops dorothy, a new species of sculpin (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) from the southern Sea of Okhotsk

A new species of the cottid genus Triglops Reinhardt is described on the basis of 21 specimens collected in Aniva Bay, southern Sakhalin Island, Russia, and off Kitami, on the northern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, at depths of 73–117 m. Of the ten species of Triglops now recognized, the new species, Triglops dorothy, is most similar to T. pingeli Reinhardt, well known from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans and throughout coastal waters of the Arctic. The new species differs from T. pingeli in a combination of morphometric and meristic characters that includes most importantly the number of dorsolateral scales; the number of oblique, scaled dermal folds below the lateral line; and the number of gill rakers.

Occurrence and distribution of fish species off Yemen (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea)

The species list is drawn from an analysis of catches taken by Sumalian and Russian trawlers in the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea between 1985 and 1990. The southern coastline of the Republic of Yemen has been divided into 7 areas, including waters around Socotra Island. The average depth of each trawl was recorded in 50 m increments. Non-appearance of the species in the area does not mean that the species do not occur in that area or depth, merely that it was not recorded in any of the samples analyzed. Specimens that could not be identified to species level have been excluded. A total of 195 species from 75 families was recorded and is summarized. Most of the identification of species was from FAO species identification literature. Confirmation of some species and usage of common names is from ICLARM's FishBase and Al Sedfy, et al. (1982).

FishBase species profile: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) North African catfish

In this issue NAGA introduces a new page on profiles of fish species. This page will be a permanent feature of the NAGA and will be based on information derived from FishBase (http://www.fishbase.org), the world’s premier information system on fishes and a global public good. FishBase is being developed by the WorldFish Center and an International Consortium. The first species selected is the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus, one of the most important freshwater fish species in Africa. It has been chosen in honor of Prof Dr Guy Teugels of the Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale (MRAC) of Tervuren, Belgium, who recently passed away and who spent many years investigating this species.

Length-weight relationship of small pelagic fish species of the southeast and South Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone

The length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters of 23 small pelagic fish species (belonging to 13 families) from the south-southeast Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone in 1996 and 1997 are presented. The b values varied between 2.72 and 3.53. The samples for this study were collected during hydroacoustic surveys covering an area of 700 000 square km.

Species selection for smallholder aquaculture

Systems for selection of species for smallholder aquaculture are presented. These are: food fits; management decisions; and economic criteria. Food fits suggests categorizing pond food resources into a few categories based loosely on the instrinsic traits of food which effect their selectivity by predators. Using management decision techniques, potential polycultures might also be compared with each other and with monoculture. Under economic criteria (and for species known in local markets), one could combine the Ff values of various species under monoculture with their particular market price to get a proper bioeconomic selection index: (marked price x 1/Ff).

An account of fisheries development in the Republic of Djibouti with notes on the growth and mortality of three species of groupers

A brief description of fisheries development in Djibouti is given, with emphasis on the major constraints that have to date limited the increase of fishing effort. Estimates of L sub( infinity ) obtained through Wetherall plots are presented for three important demersal species caught off northern Somalia and landed in Djibouti: the groupers Cephalopholis sonnerati, Epinephelus chlorostigma and E. areolatus (Fam. Serranidae). These are combined with estimates of the growth performance index O' to calculate K values, subsequently used for the construction of length-converted catch curves. The estimate of mortality thus obtained suggests that these stocks are lightly fished.