Travels through Sweden, Finland, and Lapland, to the North Cape, in the years 1798 and 1799 : by Joseph Acerbi. In two volumes. Illustrated with seventeen elegant engravings. Vol. I[-II].

Vol. I: Portrait of Joseph Acerbi. Painted by P. Violet, engr. by P. W. Tomkins.

Reizen door Zweeden en Finland, tot aan de uiterste grenzen van Lapland, in de jaaren 1798 en 1799 : door Joseph Acerbi. Uit het engelsch. ... Eerste deel[-vierde en laatste deel].

Digital reproduction, The National Library of Finland, Centre for Preservation and Digitisation, Mikkeli

Finland en de Finnen : naar het hoogduitsche van F. Rühs ... In twee deelen. Eerste deel[-tweede deel].

Some handwritten text in both volumes.

Finland en de Finnen : naar het hoogduitsche van F. Rühs ... In twee deelen. Eerste deel[-tweede deel].

Some handwritten text in both volumes.

Finland och dess invånare : af Friedr. Rühs. Andra och tredje delen.

The leaf of plates: music.

Geographie öfver konungariket Swerige samt dårunder hörande länder : författad af Eric Tuneld ... Tredje bandet, som innehåller Norrland, Lappland, Finland och Sweriges utrikes besittningar.

On the flyleaf (back): handwritten text, dated Mars/April 1831.

Reizen door Zweeden en Finland, tot aan de uiterste grenzen van Lapland, in de jaaren 1798 en 1799 : door Joseph Acerbi. Uit het engelsch. ... Eerste deel[-vierde en laatste deel].

Digital reproduction, The National Library of Finland, Centre for Preservation and Digitisation, Mikkeli

Förverkligande av språkliga rättigheter i Finland. En studie av svenskans ställning i polisens verksamhet i det tvåspråkiga Vanda

Tämän tutkielman aiheena on suomenruotsalaisten kielellisten oikeuksien toteutuminen poliisin toiminnassa. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on v. 2004 uudistunut kielilaki, jossa säädetään yhtäläisestä oikeudesta käyttää suomea ja ruotsia Suomen viranomaisissa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kartoittaa ruotsinkielisten palvelujen nykytilannetta kaksikielisessä Vantaan poliisissa. Tutkimukseen osallistui 27 Vantaan poliisiasemalla työskentelevää poliisia. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytetään kvalitatiivista teemahaastattelua sekä laajemmalle joukolle suunnattua kyselylomaketta. Kyselylomakkeen avulla kartoitetaan, kuinka usein ja millaisissa tilanteissa poliisit käyttävät ruotsia työssään, ja kuinka he menettelevät asioidessaan ruotsinkielisten kanssa. Lisäksi selvitetään poliisien kielitaidon tasoa ja mahdollisuuksia ruotsin taitojen ylläpitämiseen ja kehittämiseen. Tarkoituksena on myös selvittää, missä määrin poliisit kokevat arvioidun kielitaitonsa vastaavan työelämässä selviytymisen haasteita, sekä heidän näkemyksiään kielellisistä oikeuksista ja virkamiehille asetetuista kielitaitovaatimuksista. Haastattelujen tavoitteena on saavuttaa syväluotaavaa ja kokemuksellista tietoa ruotsin merkityksestä poliisiorganisaatiossa ja poliisin arjessa. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että useimmat tutkimukseen osallistuneet poliisit pitävät tärkeänä ruotsinkielisten oikeutta saada palvelua omalla äidinkielellään. Niin poliisijohdon kuin poliisien näkökulmasta keskeistä palvelun järjestämisessä on, ettei asiakkaan oikeusturva kärsi. Poliisit eivät kuitenkaan tavallisesti käytä ruotsia työssään, sillä he arvioivat kohtaavansa ruotsinkielisiä asiakkaita harvoin ja painottavat poliisin ja ruotsinkielisen asiakkaan välisen kanssakäymisen tapahtuvan usein suomeksi. Poliisit arvioivat ruotsin kielen taitonsa yleisesti melko puutteellisiksi ja riittämättömiksi kyetäkseen tarjoamaan hyvätasoista palvelua ruotsiksi. Erityisesti puhuminen ruotsiksi tuottaa monelle vaikeuksia. Tulosten perusteella ehdotamme, että poliisien todelliset ruotsin taidot selvitettäisiin työhönottohaastattelussa. Lisäksi olisi tärkeää, että poliisien kielitaidon tasoa pyrittäisiin tarvittaessa nostamaan poliisitoimen sisäisen jatkokoulutuksen avulla. Mielestämme poliisien kenttätehtävissä tulisi myös sijoittaa vähintään yksi ruotsinkielinen/-kielentaitoinen poliisi joka partioon. Poliisit voisivat myös hyödyntää mahdollisuutta antaa ruotsinkielisen asiakkaan puhua ruotsia ja itse puhua suomea, mikäli tilanne sen käytännössä sallii, ja yhteisymmärrys voidaan näin saavuttaa.

Integrating eco-innovation principles into regional strategy and policy: case of Päijät-Häme region, Finland

This study focuses on the integration of eco-innovation principles into strategy and policy at the regional level. The importance of regions as a level for integrating eco-innovative programs and activities served as the point of interest for this study. Eco-innovative activities and technologies are seen as means to meet sustainable development objective of improving regions’ quality of life. This study is conducted to get an in-depth understanding and learning about eco-innovation at regional level, and to know the basic concepts that are important in integrating eco-innovation principles into regional policy. Other specific objectives of this study are to know how eco-innovation are developed and practiced in the regions of the EU, and to analyze the main characteristic features of an eco-innovation model that is specifically developed at Päijät-Häme Region in Finland. Paijät-Häme Region is noted for its successful eco-innovation strategies and programs, hence, taken as casework in this study. Both primary (interviews) and secondary data (publicly available documents) are utilized in this study. The study shows that eco-innovation plays an important role in regional strategy as reviewed based on the experience of other regions in the EU. This is because of its localized nature which makes it easier to facilitate in a regional setting. Since regional authorities and policy-makers are normally focused on solving its localized environmental problems, eco-innovation principles can easily be integrated into regional strategy. The case study highlights Päijät-Häme Region’s eco-innovation strategies and projects which are characterized by strong connection of knowledge-producing institutions. Policy instruments supporting eco-innovation (e.g. environmental technologies) are very much focused on clean technologies, hence, justifying the formation of cleantech clusters and business parks in Päijät-Häme Region. A newly conceptualized SAMPO model of eco-innovation has been developed in Päijät-Häme Region to better capture the region’s characteristics and to eventually replace the current model employed by the Päijät-Häme Regional Authority. The SAMPO model is still under construction, however, review of its principles points to some of its three important spearheads – practice-based innovation, design (eco-design) and clean technology or environmental technology (environment).

The effects of national legislation on the implementation of IFRS in Finland and Russia

This study examines the possible differences in IFRS implementation between Finnish and Russian companies as well as reasons behind them by theoretical means as well as by incorporating a case study of two companies.

Formaterade nyheter : studier i hur tv-nyheter formatmässigt editeras, gestaltas och tas emot

Under de trettio senaste åren har tv-nyhetsjournalistiken som genre, d.v.s. som en egen särpräglad läsart och form av journalistik, på olika sätt förändrats. Hur denna formatförändring ser ut och om tv-nyheter i takt med samhällets och massmediernas allmänna kommersialisering har blivit mer tabloida är två centrala frågeställningar i avhandlingen. Nyhetsprogrammet TV-nytt i public service-företaget Yle:s svenskspråkiga kanal FST5, har långt en monopolställning. På svenska har TV-nytt inga konkurrenter i tv-etern i Finland och som ett sorts flaggskepp för hela FST5, har nyhetsredaktionen länge haft en stark ställning och uppbackning på svenska Yle. Så om t.o.m. TV-nytts nyhetsformat har förändrats och t.ex. blivit mer tabloida, torde åtminstone public service-nyheter i tv överlag ha förändrats minst lika mycket. Detta granskas empiriskt i avhandlingen. Utan att i frågeställningarna även ta med hur mottagarna, det vill säga hur tv-tittarna reagerar på tv-nyheter, är det svårt att mer ingående och trovärdigt förklara tv-nyheters roll i samhället. Därför är det viktigt att även fråga hur tittarnas intresse och uppmärksamhet påverkas av olika sorts tv-nyheter och hur deras ihågkomst samt nyhetsförståelse påverkas av olika slags tv-nyhetsformat såsom ett mer tabloidiserat dylikt? Avhandling har följaktligen fyra syften: att undersöka vad tv-nyhetsformatet för public service-tv består av, hur detta format ur olika synvinklar har förändrats, om det har tabloidiserats och hur tittarna reagerar på olika tv-nyhetsformat. Avhandlingen består av tre innehållsanalyser och ett laboratorietest. Resultaten visar i korthet att tv-nyhetsformatet både på inslags- och sändningsnivå kan sägas ha två olika formatdimensioner; det audiovisuellt editerade och det journalistiskt innehållsgestaltande formatet. Det senare formatet har för TV-nytts del sedan 1980-talet förändrats mycket mindre än det förra och i synnerhet det audiovisuellt editerade formatet har tydligt utvecklats i en tabloid riktning. Resultaten från de laborativa publiktesterna visar igen att tittarnas uppmärksamhet och intresse i första hand har med audiovisuell editering och allmän visualitet att göra. Mer tabloida nyhetsinslag får därför generellt mer uppmärksamhet än övriga inslag. I synnerhet bildtempo, bildsättning och inslagslängd är här utslagsgivande. Det att tabloidisering ger förbättrad uppmärksamhet betyder ändå inte att tittarna mycket bättre kommer ihåg eller bättre förstår tabloida nyhetsinslag än icke-tabloida. Testerna visar samtidigt att även längre, icke-tabloida nyhetsinslag väl kan fånga tittarens uppmärksamhet och fasta i minnet om inslaget är i en sorts ideologisk resonans med tittaren.

Understanding the Racial Nature of Police and Immigrant Relations In Finland. The Case of Africans in Turku

The focus of this study is to examine the role of police and immigrants’ relations, as less is known about this process in the country. The studies were approached in two different ways. Firstly, an attempt was made to examine how immigrants view their encounters with the police. Secondly, the studies explored how aware the police are of immigrants’ experiences in their various encounters and interactions on the street level. An ancillary aim of the studies is to clarify, analyse and discuss how prejudice and stereotypes can be tackled, thereby contributing to the general debate about racism and discrimination for better ethnic relations in the country. The data in which this analysis was based is on a group of adults (n=88) from the total of 120 Africans questioned for the entire study (n=45) police cadets and (n=6) serving police officers from Turku. The present thesis is a compilation of five articles. A summary of each article findings follows, as the same data was used in all five studies. In the first study, a theoretical model was developed to examine the perceived knowledge of bias by immigrants resulting from race, culture and belief. This was also an attempt to explore whether this knowledge was predetermined in my attempt to classify and discuss as well as analyse the factors that may be influencing immigrants’ allegations of unfair treatment by the police in Turku. The main finding shows that in the first paper there was ignorance and naivety on the part of the police in their attitudes towards the African immigrant’s prior experiences with the police, and this may probably have resulted from stereotypes or their lack of experience as well as prior training with immigrants where these kinds of experience are rampant in the country (Egharevba, 2003 and 2004a). In exploring what leads to stereotypes, a working definition is the assumption that is prevalent among some segments of the population, including the police, that Finland is a homogenous country by employing certain conducts and behaviour towards ethnic and immigrant groups in the country. This to my understanding is stereotype. Historically this was true, but today the social topography of the country is changing and becoming even more complex. It is true that, on linguistic grounds, the country is multilingual, as there are a few recognised national minority languages (Swedish, Sami and Russian) as well as a number of immigrant languages including English. Apparently it is vital for the police to have a line of communication open when addressing the problem associated with immigrants in the country. The second paper moved a step further by examining African immigrants’ understanding of human rights as well as what human rights violation means or entails in their views as a result of their experiences with the police, both in Finland and in their country of origin. This approach became essential during the course of the study, especially when the participants were completing the questionnaire (N=88), where volunteers were solicited for a later date for an in-depth interview with the author. Many of the respondents came from countries where human rights are not well protected and seldom discussed publicly, therefore understanding their views on the subject can help to explain why some of the immigrants are sceptical about coming forward to report cases of batteries and assaults to the police, or even their experiences of being monitored in shopping malls in their new home and the reason behind their low level of trust in public authorities in Finland. The study showed that knowledge of human rights is notably low among some of the participants. The study also found that female respondents were less aware of human rights when compared with their male counterparts. This has resulted in some of the male participants focussing more on their traditional ways of thinking by not realising that they are in a new country where there is equality in sexes and lack of respect on gender terms is not condoned. The third paper focussed on the respondents’ experiences with the police in Turku and tried to explore police attitudes towards African immigrant clients, in addition to the role stereotype plays in police views of different cultures and how these views have impacted on immigrants’ views of discriminatory policing in Turku. The data is the same throughout the entire studies (n=88), except that some few participants were interviewed for the third paper thirty-five persons. The results showed that there is some bias in mass-media reports on the immigrants’ issues, due to selective portrayal of biases without much investigation being carried out before jumping to conclusions, especially when the issues at stake involve an immigrant (Egharevba, 2005a; Egharevba, 2004a and 2004b). In this vein, there was an allegation that the police are even biased while investigating cases of theft, especially if the stolen property is owned by an immigrant (Egharevba, 2006a, Egharevba, 2006b). One vital observation from the respondents’ various comments was that race has meaning in their encounters and interaction with the police in the country. This result led the author to conclude that the relation between the police and immigrants is still a challenge, as there is rampant fear and distrust towards the police by some segments of the participating respondents in the study. In the fourth paper the focus was on examining the respondents’ view of the police, with special emphasis on race and culture as well as the respondents’ perspective on police behaviour in Turku. This is because race, as it was relayed to me in the study, is a significant predictor of police perception (Egharevba, 2005a; Egharevba and Hannikianen, 2005). It is a known scientific fact that inter-group racial attitudes are the representation of group competition and perceived threat to power and status (Group-position theory). According to Blumer (1958) a sense of group threat is an essential element for the emergence of racial prejudice. Consequently, it was essential that we explored the existing relationship between the respondents and the police in order to have an understanding of this concept. The result indicates some local and international contextual issues and assumptions that were of importance tackling prejudice and discrimination as it exists within the police in the country. Moreover, we have to also remember that, for years, many of these African immigrants have been on the receiving end of unjust law enforcement in their various countries of origin, which has resulted in many of them feeling inferior and distrustful of the police even in their own country of origin. While discussing the issues of cultural difference and how it affects policing, we must also keep in mind the socio-cultural background of the participants, their level of language proficiency and educational background. The research data analysed in this study also confirmed the difficulties associated with cultural misunderstandings in interpreting issues and how these misunderstandings have affected police and immigrant relations in Finland. Finally, the fifth paper focussed on cadets’ attitudes towards African immigrants as well as serving police officers’ interaction with African clients. Secondly, the police level of awareness of African immigrants’ distrustfulness of their profession was unclear. For this reason, my questions in this fifth study examined the experiences and attitudes of police cadets and serving police officers as well as those of African immigrants in understanding how to improve this relationship in the country. The data was based on (n=88) immigrant participants, (n=45) police cadets and 6 serving police officers from the Turku police department. The result suggests that there is distrust of the police in the respondents’ interaction; this tends to have galvanised a heightened tension resulting from the lack of language proficiency (Egharevba and White, 2007; Egharevba and Hannikainen, 2005, and Egharevba, 2006b) The result also shows that the allegation of immigrants as being belittled by the police stems from the misconceptions of both parties as well as the notion of stop and search by the police in Turku. All these factors were observed to have contributed to the alleged police evasiveness and the lack of regular contact between the respondents and the police in their dealings. In other words, the police have only had job-related contact with many of the participants in the present study. The results also demonstrated the complexities caused by the low level of education among some of the African immigrants in their understanding about the Finnish culture, norms and values in the country. Thus, the framework constructed in these studies embodies diversity in national culture as well as the need for a further research study with a greater number of respondents (both from the police and immigrant/majority groups), in order to explore the different role cultures play in immigrant and majority citizens’ understanding of police work.

A contact-linguistic view on Finland-Swedish quotatives vara ’be’ and att ’that’

Artikel i konferensrapport.

National Library – Service Centre for All Types of Libraries in Finland

Kristiina Hormia-Poutasen esitys Jerusalemissa Israelin kansalliskirjastossa 8.9.2011