El ars de traducir en Joan Roís de Corella, los límites de la difusión de sus obras y las claves para una Tragèdia de Caldesa políglota

Joan Roís de Corella traduce (obras religiosas) y, lo más importante, crea y traduce para crear. Traduce obras profanas y obras religiosas y, al hacerlo, recibe directamente las tradiciones literarias y culturales de su tiempo y de los clásicos. Destaca, por su extensión, complejidad y ambición, el conjunto de su actividad traductológica en cuanto a obras religiosas que marcaban la espiritualidad de la época. La más extensa y ambiciosa de sus traducciones es la versión catalana de la Vita Christi de Ludolfo de Sajonia, conocido como el Cartoixà y aparecido en cuatro volúmenes en 1495 (el Quart, con dos ediciones, y el Tercero), en 1496 (el Primer) y el 1500 (el Segon), ya póstumamente. En estos volúmenes, tan extensos, Roís de Corella más bien manifiesta tendencia a abreviar, si bien no renuncia a impregnar el texto resultante de las característics propias de su maestría estilística. No opera aquí como otros traductores de su tiempo, que no tenían tanto miramiento y hacían avenir el estilo de la traducción resultante con los gustos de moda en la época e independientemente del original.

En estil de fictes paraules que tenen sentits no fictes: anàlisi de locucions i col·locacions en Joan Roís de Corella en el context del llenguatge literari de la Corona d’Aragó en el segle XV

Aquest article presenta una mostra dels resultats de l’anàlisi detallada de locucions, col·locacions i altres elements fraseològics i d’ordre de mots significatius quant a la caracterització del cabal de llenguatge literari de Joan Roís de Corella. Aquesta anàlisi es fa amb metodologia interdisciplinar de base de lingüistica de corpus i de diacronia lingüistica, i amb el concurs de les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (humanitats digitals), que s’apliquen a l’anàlisi de l’aportació lèxica i estilística d’un autor clau com és Roís de Corella a fide calibrar el grau de sintonia i, alhora, d’especificitat del seu llenguatge literari; en quin grau coincideix el seu llenguatge literari amb el d’altres grans clàssics culturals de la Corona d’Aragó, i en què basa, alhora, Roís de Corella la clau de la seua mestria estilística.

Carbon and nitrogen limitation increase chitosan antifungal activity in Neurospora crassa and fungal human pathogens

Chitosan permeabilizes plasma membrane and kills sensitive filamentous fungi and yeast. Membrane fluidity and cell energy determine chitosan sensitivity in fungi. A five-fold reduction of both glucose (main carbon (C) source) and nitrogen (N) increased 2-fold Neurospora crassa sensitivity to chitosan. We linked this increase with production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plasma membrane permeabilization. Releasing N. crassa from nutrient limitation reduced chitosan antifungal activity in spite of high ROS intracellular levels. With lactate instead of glucose, C and N limitation increased N. crassa sensitivity to chitosan further (4-fold) than what glucose did. Nutrient limitation also increased sensitivity of filamentous fungi and yeast human pathogens to chitosan. For Fusarium proliferatum, lowering 100-fold C and N content in the growth medium, increased 16-fold chitosan sensitivity. Similar results were found for Candida spp. (including fluconazole resistant strains) and Cryptococcus spp. Severe C and N limitation increased chitosan antifungal activity for all pathogens tested. Chitosan at 100 μg ml-1 was lethal for most fungal human pathogens tested but non-toxic to HEK293 and COS7 mammalian cell lines. Besides, chitosan increased 90% survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans. These results are of paramount for developing chitosan as antifungal.

L'ús de la llengua valenciana a la Il·lustració: la figura de Carles Ros

L'arribada de la nova dinastia borbònica va suposar a nivell cultural la desaparició oficial del valencià en el llenguatge de l'administració i un retrocés de la llengua en tots els àmbits d'ús. El notari valencià Carles Ros va ser un ferm defensor de la llengua en un context poc favorable, com així ho demostra a les seues obres. Gran part de la seua producció literària, la qual inclou tractats gramaticals i lexicogràfics, vocabularis, obres apologètiques, col·loquis i romanços, està dedicada a defensar i promoure el valencià, així com facilitar-ne el seu coneixement.

Novel chromone and xanthone derivatives: Synthesis and ROS/RNS scavenging activities

Chromones and xanthones are oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds acknowledged by their antioxidant properties. In an effort to develop novel agents with improved activity, a series of compounds belonging to these chemical classes were prepared. Their syntheses involve the condensation of appropriate 2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-ones, obtained via Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement, with (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde to provide the corresponding 2-[(1E,3E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-4H-chromen-4-ones. Subsequent electrocyclization and oxidation of these compounds led to the synthesis of 1-aryl-9H-xanthen-9-ones. After cleavage of the protecting groups, hydroxylated chromones and xanthones were assessed as scavenging agents against both reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide radical (O2(•-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), singlet oxygen ((1)O2), and peroxyl radical (ROO(•))] and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide ((•)NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-))]. Generally, all the tested new hydroxylated chromones and xanthones exhibited scavenger effects dependent on the concentration, with IC50 values found in the micromolar range. Some of them were shown to have improved scavenging activity when compared with previously reported analogues, allowing the inference of preliminary conclusions on the structure-activity relationship.

A quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay for the assessment of drug activities against intracellular Theileria annulata schizonts.

Intracellular schizonts of the apicomplexans Theileria annulata and Theileria parva immortalize bovine leucocytes thereby causing fatal immunoproliferative diseases. Buparvaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquinone related to parvaquone, is the only drug available against Theileria. The drug is only effective at the onset of infection and emerging resistance underlines the need for identifying alternative compounds. Current drug assays employ monitoring of proliferation of infected cells, with apoptosis of the infected host cell as a read-out, but it is often unclear whether active compounds directly impair the viability of the parasite or primarily induce host cell death. We here report on the development of a quantitative reverse transcriptase real time PCR method based on two Theileria genes, tasp and tap104, which are both expressed in schizonts. Upon in vitro treatment of T. annulata infected bovine monocytes with buparvaquone, TaSP and Tap104 mRNA expression levels significantly decreased in relation to host cell actin already within 4 h of drug exposure, while significant differences in host cell proliferation were detectable only after 48-72 h. TEM revealed marked alterations of the schizont ultrastructure already after 2 h of buparvaquone treatment, while the host cell remained unaffected. Expression of TaSP and Tap104 proteins showed a marked decrease only after 24 h. Therefore, the analysis of expression levels of mRNA coding for TaSP and Tap104 allows to directly measuring impairment of parasite viability. We subsequently applied this method using a series of compounds affecting different targets in other apicomplexan parasites, and show that monitoring of TaSP- and Tap104 mRNA levels constitutes a suitable tool for anti-theilerial drug development.

Regulation of host cell survival by intracellular Plasmodium and Theileria parasites

Plasmodium and Theileria parasites are obligate intracellular protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileria infection of bovine leukocytes induces transformation of host cells and infected leukocytes can be kept indefinitely in culture. Theileria-dependent host cell transformation has been the subject of interest for many years and the molecular basis of this unique phenomenon is quite well understood. The equivalent life cycle stage of Plasmodium is the infection of mammalian hepatocytes, where parasites reside for 2-7 days depending on the species. Some of the molecular details of parasite-host interactions in P. berghei-infected hepatocytes have emerged only very recently. Similar to what has been shown for Theileria-infected leukocytes these data suggest that malaria parasites within hepatocytes also protect their host cell from programmed cell death. However, the strategies employed to inhibit host cell apoptotic pathways appear to be different to those used by Theileria. This review discusses similarities and differences at the molecular level of Plasmodium- and Theileria-induced regulation of the host cell survival machinery.

Intracellular survival of apicomplexan parasites and host cell modification

The intracellular stages of apicomplexan parasites are known to extensively modify their host cells to ensure their own survival. Recently, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular details of these parasite-dependent effects for Plasmodium-, Toxoplasma- and Theileria-infected cells. We have begun to understand how Plasmodium liver stage parasites protect their host hepatocytes from apoptosis during parasite development and how they induce an ordered cell death at the end of the liver stage. Toxoplasma parasites are also known to regulate host cell survival pathways and it has been convincingly demonstrated that they block host cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent antigen presentation of parasite epitopes to avoid cell-mediated immune responses. Theileria parasites are the masters of host cell modulation because their presence immortalises the infected cell. It is now accepted that multiple pathways are activated to induce Theileria-dependent host cell transformation. Although it is now known that similar host cell pathways are affected by the different parasites, the outcome for the infected cell varies considerably. Improved imaging techniques and new methods to control expression of parasite and host cell proteins will help us to analyse the molecular details of parasite-dependent host cell modifications.

Informes de las Comisiones Mixtas Peruano-Brasileras Encargadas del Reconocimiento de los Ríos Alto Purús i Alto Yuruá : de conformidad con el acuerdo provisional de Rio Janeiro de 12 de julio de 1904.

At head of title: Archivo especial de límites.

Budapest székesfőváros statisztikai es kőzigazgatási évkönyve ... Statistisch-administratives Jahrbuch der Haupt- und residenzstadt Budapest.

Editors: Gusztáv Thirring, 1894-19

Budapest székesfʺováros statisztikai évkönyve.

Editors: 1874/94-1924, G. Thirring; 1925-42, L.I. Illyefalvi.

Beatos e cangaceíros : história real, observação pessoal e impressão psychológica de alguns dos mais celebres cangaceíros do nordeste /

Mode of access: Internet.

Compendio histórico de la provincia, partidos, ciudades, astilleros, ríos y puerto de Guayaquil ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

[Orden de las oraciones cotidianas] ; Cinco libros de la Ley Divina ; Libro de las Aphtaroth de todo el año, Sabatoth, Ros-hodes, fiestas, solomidades [sic] y ayunos, que celebra el pueblo de Ysrael, segundo [sic] el uso del Kahal Kados de España.

Mode of access: Internet.