Shell utilization pattern of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Crustacea, Anomura) in an estuary at São Vicente, State of São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a utilização de conchas de gastrópodes por Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802), na Praia dos Pescadores, em São Vicente (SP), Brasil. Foram realizadas amostras mensais no período de maio de 2001 a abril de 2003, na região intertidal durante a maré baixa. Todos os animais foram pesados e tiveram o comprimento de seu escudo cefalotorácico mensurados, suas conchas identificadas e medidas quanto ao comprimento (mm), abertura (mm) e peso (g). Capturamos 2.344 ermitões (644 machos, 1.594 fêmeas não-ovígeras, 45 fêmeas ovígeras e 61 em intersexo), utilizando 13 espécies de conchas de gastrópodes, das quais Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767), Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793) e Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) representaram mais de 98% das conchas utilizadas. Obteve-se significativa diferença de tamanho entre os sexos, com machos e indivíduos em intersexo atingindo maior porte físico do que fêmeas. Este padrão influenciou fortemente na ocupação e utilização de conchas, principalmente em A. fulica, que foi a maior concha obtida por C. vittatus, utilizada somente por machos e indivíduos em intersexo. Cymatium parthenopeum foi a única espécie de concha em que se obtiveram elevados coeficientes de determinação para todas os parâmetros analisados. Stramonita haemastoma apresentou elevados e significativos coeficientes de determinação, indicando que esta espécie é o principal recurso de concha ocupada na Praia dos Pescadores.

Fatores qualitativos da ponta de energia hidráulica ADGA 110015 para pulverização agrícola

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar o diâmetro e a uniformidade das gotas e o perfil de distribuição volumétrica da ponta denominada antideriva de grande ângulo (ADGA) 110015, nas pressões de 207 e 310 kPa, para determinar o seu espaçamento na barra de pulverização. Os perfis de distribuição volumétrica para a altura de 50 cm foram avaliados em mesa de deposição. A partir dos perfis de distribuição, simulou-se o padrão de deposição ao longo da barra de pulverização. O espectro do diâmetro de gotas foi determinado em analisador de tamanho de partículas por difração laser. Pode-se concluir que a ponta ADGA 110015 apresentou perfil de distribuição do jato simétrico nas pressões de trabalho de 207 e 310 kPa. Na maior pressão, pode-se operar com menor altura da barra ou com as pontas mais espaçadas entre si, pois o maior ângulo de aspersão do jato resultou em diminuição do coeficiente de variação. Entretanto, o aumento da pressão proporcionou redução significativa no diâmetro das gotas, aumentando o potencial de cobertura do alvo, a suscetibilidade à deriva e à evaporação.

Spatial pattern detection modeling of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on onion fields

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Synthesis and characterization of PLZT (9/65/35) by the Pechini method and partial oxalate

ZrTiO4 (ZT), obtained by the Pechini method, was used as precursor for obtaining PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconium titanate). An aqueous solution of oxalic acid was prepared with particles of ZT, Pb(NO3)(2) and La2O3. After the PbC2O4 and La2O3 precipitate on ZT particles, the materials were calcined and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the cubic phase of PLZT. This material was sintered, in two steps, and a density of about 8.0 g/cm(3) was obtained. After the second sintering the XRD pattern showed the occurrence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. This was caused by a stoichiometric deviation and the material showed a high optical transparency. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Purification, partial characterization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a mannose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds

A lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds (CRL) was purified, characterized and crystallized. The best crystals grew in a month and were obtained by the vapour-diffusion method using a precipitant solution consisting of 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.8, 8% (w/v) PEG 3350 and 0.2 M proline at a constant temperature of 293 K. A data set was collected to 1.77 angstrom resolution at a synchrotron-radiation source. CRL crystals are orthorhombic, belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). Crystallographic refinement and full amino-acid sequence determination are in progress.

Measurement of phase differences between the diffracted orders of deep relief gratings

Measurement of the phase difference between the 0th and the 1st transmitted diffraction orders of a symmetrical surface-relief grating recorded on a photoresist film is carried out by replacement of the grating in the same setup with which it was recorded. The measurement does not depend on lateral shifts of the replaced grating relative to the interference pattern, on environmental phase perturbations or on the wave-front quality of the interfering beams. The experimental data agree rather well with theoretical results calculated for sinusoidal profiled gratings. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America.

Pattern of nucleolar activity during spermiogenesis in triatomines (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) as analysed by silver staining

Nucleoli are the sites of biosynthesis of ribosomal precursors. In this work the nucleolar activity at interphase and the meiotic cells of the testis in five species of triatomines were analysed by means of silver staining. Several nucleolar blocks in the polyploid nuclei of testicular tubules were observed, whereas only one nucleolar body could be seen in the spermatogonial nuclei of all five species. A single nucleolar body was evident in the 'confused stage' of Triatoma brasiliensis, T. delpontei, T. lecticularia and T. rubrovaria, while T. sordida presented two nucleolar dots. The existence of small, silver-stained dots in some metaphase I chromosomes of T. brasiliensis and T. sordida is reported. The number of nucleolar dots present in spermatids of each species varied within and among species. It is suggested that in addition to providing information on rRNA biosynthesis, studies of nucleolar organizing activity can also be important sources of data on differentiation patterns and species development.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of carboxyhaemoglobin-II from the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu)

Carboxyhaemoglobin-II isolated from the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) has been crystallized and X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.0 Angstrom resolution using synchrotron radiation. Crystals were characterized as belonging to the space group I23; preliminary structural analysis reveals the presence of one dimer in the asymmetric unit.

Influence of annealing on X-ray diffraction of natural alexandrite

In this work we present results of X-ray diffraction using powder method, on natural alexandrite samples from Minas Gerais State (Brazil), as a function of a sequence of annealing. From these measurements we determine lattice parameters before (a = 9.405 Angstrom, b = 5.471 Angstrom, c = 4.409 Angstrom) and after annealing, and its structure is confirmed as orthorhombic. Measurements done after an annealing of 15 minutes at 700 degreesC and for 5 hours at 1000 degreesC indicate the migration of atoms present in the sample through different phases, which were also identified by Microprobe Analysis (WDS). However we have verified that such migration does not modify the structure. X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out in conjunction with optical absorption in the UV-Vis as a function of annealing. (C) 2002 International Centre for Diffraction Data.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of prephenate dehydratase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of mortality arising from a bacterial pathogen ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis). There is an urgent need for the development of new antimycobacterial agents. The aromatic amino-acid pathway is essential for the survival of this pathogen and represents a target for structure-based drug design. Accordingly, the M. tuberculosis prephenate dehydratase has been cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 400 as a precipitant. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group I222 or I2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 98.26, b = 133.22, c = 225.01 angstrom, and contains four molecules in the asymmetric unit. A complete data set was collected to 3.2 angstrom resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source.