Impacto do programa bolsa família na luta fundiária da comunidade quilombola da caiana dos crioulos: um estudo sobre cidadania

A presente tese analisa como o Programa Bolsa Família vem impactando a luta fundiária da Comunidade Quilombola de Caiana dos Crioulos, observando como isto tem afetado a construção e desenvolvimento da cidadania desta comunidade. Para isto, fazemos um estudo sobre o programa bolsa família, que foi criado com o fulcro de diminuir a fome, a pobreza e a desigualdade social, alcançando, paulatinamente, milhões de brasileiros, inclusive grande parcela dos quilombolas. Nesta seara percebemos que a vulnerabilidade social é uma marca presente nas comunidades quilombolas, principalmente devido à dificuldade de acesso a estas comunidades, além de uma prestação de serviços públicos não focados para sua identidade cultural. Atualmente, grande parcela dos quilombolas é beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família e não estão conseguindo a autonomização deste programa por não haver uma política pública específica que possa estimular o desenvolvimento dos quilombolas, respeitando a cultura dos mesmos. Destacamos também que a concretização do pleito principal dos quilombolas, que é a titulação das suas terras, conforme previsto no artigo 68 do Ato de Disposições Constitucionais Transitórios da Constituição Federal de 1988, não vem sendo efetivada devido a grande burocracia para esse procedimento de titulação junto com interesses de grupos hegemônicos ligados a bancada ruralista. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa fizemos uso da abordagem qualitativa, concomitantemente foi feita uma pesquisa de campo, permitindo a observação direta dos fenômenos, preservando a singularidade do objeto social. Além disso, fizemos consultas a dados primários e secundários de órgãos públicos. Utilizamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas, optando pela utilização da análise de conteúdo, buscando-se analisar a realidade social num grau de profundidade que ultrapasse o senso comum. Seguimos uma das técnicas específicas da análise de conteúdo, que é a análise temática. Concluiu-se que a regularização fundiária definitiva junto com a concretização de políticas públicas específicas são o caminho para construção da cidadania quilombola, pois permitirá que haja uma segurança jurídica para os quilombolas. E apenas o programa bolsa família não pode ser um propiciador da quebra do ciclo intergeracional da pobreza que muito marca a história dos povos quilombolas, precisando ser pensado de forma interdisciplinar as portas de saída da pobreza, daí a necessidade de capabilities para que o quilombola possa usufruir de uma cidadania plena.

A sala de aula no contexto da cibercultura: formação docente e discente em atos de currículo

Este trabalho de tese tem como temática a formação docente situada no contexto da cibercultura. Parte do pressuposto de que professores formadores e em formação precisam dialogar com saberes/fazeres que potencializem suas aprendizagens em um novo espaço/tempo da sala de aula e que a pesquisa no ensino superior se tece no exercício da reflexão sobre/na prática em um processo plural de auto-hetero-ecoformação. Tem como objetivo construir atos de currículo, utilizando as potencialidades dos ambientes virtuais, das redes sociais e da internet para ressignificar o aprender/ensinar situado nas vivências dos praticantes culturais dentro/fora da universidade. Como problemáticas central e secundária da pesquisa-formação na cibercultura, temos, respectivamente: como a criação de atos de currículo com o uso das tecnologias digitais em espaços multirreferencias de aprendizagem podem potencializar as práticas formativas docente e discente no Curso de Pedagogia da UERN no contexto da cibercultura? Quais dispositivos engendram práticas formativas autorais, no presencial e no online, com o uso das tecnologias digitais em rede? Como construir uma relação pedagógica de interação colaborativa, docente e discente, mediada pelo uso das tecnologias digitais? A criação de atos de currículo utilizando as tecnologias digitais contribui com novos letramentos digitais dos praticantes na cibercultura? Tomamos como inspirações teórico-metodológicas a pesquisa-formação (SANTOS; MACEDO; NÓVOA) multirreferencial (ARDOINO, BARBOSA, MACEDO) com os cotidianos (CERTEAU, ALVES, FERRAÇO, OLIVEIRA), situada no contexto da cibercultura (SANTOS, SILVA, LEMOS, SANTAELLA, LEVY), entrelaçadas aos sentidos dos autores da pesquisa deste trabalho de tese. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no cenário formativo do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte UERN nas disciplinas de Didática e Estágio Supervisionado I. Como resultado, apresentamos que as ambiências formativas criadas nos atos de currículo no ensino presencial e online, apontam perspectivas que vão ao encontro de uma formação docente e discente do ciberautorcidadão, uma postura em processo, em devir, que se constrói na relação cidade/ciberespaço, em espaços/tempos de aprendizagens plurais, referenciadas nas experiências tecidas nesses contextos.

植物络合素合酶基因的功能分析及其应用

植物络合素（phytochelatins，PCs）是含有γ-Glu-Cys重复结构的小分子多肽，其结构通式为：（γ-Glu-Cys）n-Gly（n=2-11）。植物络合素（PCs）由植物络合素合酶（PCS）催化谷胱甘肽（GSH）聚合而成，能够络合重金属离子而具有解毒功能，这是植物解毒重金属胁迫的重要机制之一。本文克隆了来源于重金属抗性植物绊根草（Cynodon dactylon cv Goldensun）的植物络合素合酶基因，通过基因工程手段使其在烟草中过量表达，得到了一些有望用于植物修复（phytoremediation）的工程植株。同时，在水稻（Oryza sativa）种子中利用RNAi技术抑制植物络合素合酶基因的表达，以降低重金属离子在人类最重要的粮食作物水稻的籽粒中的积累。 1. 通过RACE（Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends）方法从抗性植物绊根草中克隆了植物络合素合酶基因CdPCS1，其1515 bp的读码框编码一个含505个氨基酸的蛋白质，蛋白质序列分析表明它具有植物络合素合酶的结构特征，同时还具有磷酸化位点和亮氨酸拉链结构。 2. CdPCS1基因可以互补对铜和镉离子敏感的酵母突变株ABDE-1（cup1Δ）中缺失的金属硫蛋白基因CUP1的功能，也可以互补对砷离子敏感的酵母突变体FD236-6A（acr-3Δ）中的离子外排载体基因ARC3的缺失。 3. 将CdPCS1转入烟草，共获得过表达CdPCS1的烟草44个株系，其中融合GFP的株系16个。对T0代的转基因植株的PCs含量以及重金属抗性和吸收能力进行了分析，其中抗性实验表明，在300μmol/L 的Cd2+离子胁迫11天之后，野生型植株的叶片出现斑点状坏死，而两个转基因烟草株系S6和K49的植株没有出现受伤害症状。在100μmol/L的CdSO4处理一周后，转基因植株中的PCs含量比对照有不同程度的提高，最多提高了2.88倍。当用300μmol/L Cd2+处理9天再用600μmol/L Cd2+处理2天后，Cd的积累量比野生型植株增加了2倍多;用50μmol/L As3+处理7天再用100μmol/L As3+处理2天后，转基因植株对As的积累量最多增加了3倍多。说明转入绊根草PC合酶基因的烟草增加了植物络合素的合成，并由此增加了对镉离子的抗性以及对镉离子和砷离子的积累。 4. 对转基因烟草中的CdPCS1进行了亚细胞定位研究。在激光共聚焦显微镜和荧光显微镜下分别用转基因烟草叶片组织和叶肉细胞原生质体观察融合GFP的CdPCS1，结果表明融合蛋白定位于细胞核中。 5. .利用RNAi技术抑制水稻种子中植物络合素合酶基因的表达，共获得39个转基因株系。其中35个株系为种子特异性ZMM1启动子驱动OsPCS1基因的RNAi，其余4个株系由组成型的Ubiquitin启动子驱动。RT-PCR的分析结果表明：一个由ZMM1启动子驱动的RNAi转基因水稻株系的种子中，OsPCS1的mRNA水平比对照中的下降了一半。

降水对我国温带草原土壤呼吸及其组分的脉冲效应

利用动态气室法(Li-Cor 8100)，于2005-2007年生长季对我国北方温带典型草原生态系统的土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子进行了野外动态观测。研究结果表明，温带典型草原生态系统的土壤呼吸及其影响因子存在明显的季节变化和年际变化。土壤呼吸的季节变化主要受土壤温度和土壤水分控制，峰值出现在温度高、水分适中的6、7和8月。在生长季初期和末期，土壤温度和土壤水分较低，土壤呼吸接近于零。土壤呼吸年际变化受到降水分配的影响，植物生长旺季降水充足土壤呼吸较高，2007年的夏季干旱抑制了土壤呼吸。 土壤呼吸与土壤温度呈指数相关，与土壤水分呈二项式关系。与未去除植物的样方相比，去除植物后土壤温度降低，其中2005年达到显著水平(P < 0.01);土壤水分在三年中都显著提高(P < 0.001)。利用土壤呼吸与温度、水分建立的模拟方程表明，异养呼吸约占土壤呼吸的49.19%，根际呼吸占50.81%，两者对土壤呼吸的贡献大致相当，但呈现明显的季节变化，根际呼吸在植物生长旺季的贡献大于异养呼吸。同时，根际呼吸的比例受到降水分布的影响，在干旱时期，根际呼吸的比例远大于异养呼吸，说明在这个干旱半干旱的生态系统中植物更能忍受水分胁迫。 根据土壤呼吸与温度、水分三者的模拟方程分析表明，2005-2007三年的土壤呼吸和异养呼吸均值分别为1.65和1.07 µmol m-2 s-1，分别比实测值1.79和1.30 µmol m-2 s-1减少了8.6和18.04%;如果测定频次改为每周一次，土壤呼吸和异养呼吸则分别减少了10.51和13.76%。由此说明，降水对土壤呼吸产生的脉冲效应在一个完整的生长季中也存在，异养呼吸下降的比例更高，说明异养呼吸对降水脉冲效应的响应较大。因此，研究土壤呼吸时不能忽略降水的脉冲效应，同时应当考虑不同组分对脉冲效应的差异。 综合三年的研究数据表明，在不同水分条件下土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10) 不一致。在四个土壤水分(<5%，5-10%，10-15%和>15%)范围内，土壤呼吸的Q10值分别为1.58，1.80，2.10和2.06;在土壤水分为5-10%，10-15%和>15%的范围内，异养呼吸的Q10值分别为1.58，1.70和1.66。由此表明，土壤呼吸的温度敏感性在10-15%水分范围内最高。在不同水分条件下，异养呼吸的Q10值都低于包含了根际呼吸的土壤呼吸的Q10值，表明根际呼吸的Q10值高于异养呼吸，根际呼吸对土壤温度的变化更为敏感。从年际变化来看，2005年异养呼吸和土壤呼吸的Q10值并没有显著差异(均为2.05);异养呼吸的Q10值在2006和2007年显著低于土壤呼吸的Q10值(分别为2006年：2.09和1.81;2007年：1.44和1.36);受到夏季干旱的影响，2007年的土壤呼吸和异养呼吸的Q10值与2005和2006年相比显著降低。

A model of driver steering control incorporating the driver's sensing of steering torque

Steering feel, or steering torque feedback, is widely regarded as an important aspect of the handling quality of a vehicle. Despite this, there is little theoretical understanding of its role. This paper describes an initial attempt to model the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The path-following control of a nonlinear vehicle model is implemented using a time-varying model predictive controller. A series of Kalman filters are used to represent the driver's ability to generate estimates of the system states from noisy sensory measurements, including the steering torque. It is found that under constant road friction conditions, the steering torque feedback reduces path-following errors provided the friction is sufficiently high to prevent frequent saturation of the tyres. When the driver model is extended to allow identification of, and adaptation to, a varying friction condition, it is found that the steering torque assists in the accurate identification of the friction condition. The simulation results give insight into the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The paper concludes with recommendations for further work. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

倒刺鲃属鱼类物种分化的研究

依据倒刺属内部骨骼和外部形态特征，结合其地理分布．首次探讨了该属鱼的物种分化与区域地理演变历史的关系。研究结果表明，倒刺属鱼类共有３个共同离征。其一级姐妹群的分布范围在中国东南沿海地区有较大的重叠。二级姐妹群的分化与云贵高原的抬升和相应的水系分流有密切的关系。三级和四级姐妹群的分化主要是由于生活环境的差异所致。

mRNA 的序列、结构以及翻译速率与蛋白质结构的关系

mRNA 所包含的核苷酸序列通过三联体密码子决定了蛋白质的氨基酸序列。但是, 由于对氨基酸同 义密码使用频率上的差异, 密码子与反密码子相互作用效率上的不同, 以及密码子上下文关系和mRNA 不同区 域二级结构上的差异, 造成了核糖体对mRNA 不同区域翻译速度上的差异, 加之共翻译折叠的作用, 使得mR2 NA 的序列和结构影响着蛋白质空间结构的形成。

Prolonged cardiac xenograft survival in guinea pig-to-rat model by a highly active cobra venom factor

A highly active cobra venom factor (CVF) was isolated from the venom of Naja kaouthia by sequential column chromatography. It displays strong anticomplementary activity, and has 1515 U of anti complementary activity per mg protein. A single dose of 0.1 mg/kg CVF given i.v. to rats completely abrogated complement activity for nearly 5 days. Given 0.02 mg/kg of CVF. the complement activity of rats was reduced by more than 96.5% in 6 It. In guinea pig-to-rat heart transplant model, rats treated with a single dose of 0.05 mg/kg CVF had significantly prolonged xenograft survival (56.12 +/- 6.27 h in CVF-treated rats vs. 0.19 +/- 0.07 h in control rats, P < 0.001). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Room temperature all-silicon photonic crystal nanocavity light emitting diode at sub-bandgap wavelengths

Silicon is now firmly established as a high performance photonic material. Its only weakness is the lack of a native electrically driven light emitter that operates CW at room temperature, exhibits a narrow linewidth in the technologically important 1300-1600 nm wavelength window, is small and operates with low power consumption. Here, an electrically pumped all-silicon nano light source around 1300-1600 nm range is demonstrated at room temperature. Using hydrogen plasma treatment, nano-scale optically active defects are introduced into silicon, which then feed the photonic crystal nanocavity to enhance the electrically driven emission in a device via Purcell effect. A narrow (Δλ=0.5 nm) emission line at 1515 nm wavelength with a power density of 0.4mW/cm2 is observed, which represents the highest spectral power density ever reported from any silicon emitter. A number of possible improvements are also discussed, that make this scheme a very promising light source for optical interconnects and other important silicon photonics applications. © 2012 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

灰盔累枝虫形态学及表膜下纤维系的研究

利用活体观察及蛋白银染色技术对灰盔累枝虫(Epistylisgalea)的形态学及表膜下纤维系进行了研究。该种主要鉴别特征为:活体个员的表膜柔软,虫体充分伸展时呈倒长锥形,体长200—300μm,体宽70—90μm;大核“J”字形,呈纵位。单一伸缩泡,直径21—25μm,背位。纵向纤维细密。口围盘纤维呈网状,与纵向纤维直接相连,并在整体上呈兜网状。与本属其他相近种相比,本种第3咽膜(P3)明显要长,其后1/3超出第1咽膜后继续向下呈弧形弯曲。本文对该种上述特征在分类学上的意义及其与相近种类之间的关系进行了

Relating monolithic and granular leaching from contaminated soil treated with different cementitious binders.

This work employed a clayey, silty, sandy gravel contaminated with a mixture of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) and diesel. The contaminated soil was treated with 5 and 10% dosages of different cementitious binders. The binders include Portland cement, cement-fly ash, cement-slag and lime-slag mixtures. Monolithic leaching from the treated soils was evaluated over a 64-day period alongside granular leachability of 49- and 84-day old samples. Surface wash-off was the predominant leaching mechanism for monolithic samples. In this condition, with data from different binders and curing ages combined, granular leachability as a function of monolithic leaching generally followed degrees 4 and 6 polynomial functions. The only exception was for Cu, which followed the multistage dose-response model. The relationship between both leaching tests varied with the type of metal, curing age/residence time of monolithic samples in the leachant, and binder formulation. The results provide useful design information on the relationship between leachability of metals from monolithic forms of S/S treated soils and the ultimate leachability in the eventual breakdown of the stabilized/solidified soil.

RESPONSES OF Elodea nuttallii AND Ceratophyllum demersum TO HIGH TEMPERATURE

There were large losses of exotic species Elodea nuttallii during summer in eutrophic lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yanatze River, China. To investigate the main causes, the heat tolerance of E. nuttallii was studied and compared with that of native species Ceratopkyllum demersum by using an aquaria system in the laboratory. Under 4500 lx light intensity and 12-h L/12-h D cycle, E. nuttallii cultured in 1/5 Hoaglands solution at 39 degrees C showed a positive growth rate during the first 15 days, and the growth rate was higher than that at 35 degrees C. But after 15 days, the growth rates became negative for those cultured both at 39 and 35 degrees C. However, the growth rate was positive for more than 20 days for those cultured at 25 degrees C. Under the same conditions, the growth rate, productivity and chlorophyll content of E. nuttallii were significantly higher than that of C. demersum. Heat tolerance of E. nuttallii was also stronger than that of C. demersum. The optimal temperature for the growth of the two plants depended on the experimental period: both plants grew at an optimal rate at higher temperature if the experimental period was short; nevertheless the plants achieved optimal growth at a lower temperature if the experiment was conducted for a longer period. At the same light intensity, the heat tolerance of C. demersum in tap water with sediment was markedly stronger than that of E. nuttallii at 39 degrees C. Average growth rate of C. demersum was 4.5 times higher than that of E. nuttallii within 25 days. The positive growth period lasted for less than 25 days for E. nuttallii and for more than 25 days for C. demersum. When they were cultured in 1/5 Hoaglands solution and in tap water with sediment, the growth rate of C. demersum increased from 0.4 to 79.4 mg/d.g fresh weight (FW) within 20 days. E. nuttallii increased from 8.3 to 24.4 mg/d-g FW within 20 days. Both grew better in tap water with sediment than in 1/5 Hoaglands solution. The results demonstrated that the nutritional status of the water other than the high temperature affected the heat tolerance of E. nuttallii during summer. E. nuttallii has great ecological safe risk in China.

Measurement of a reciprocal four-port transmission line structure using the 16-term error model

A new method to measure reciprocal four-port structures, using a 16-term error model, is presented. The measurement is based on 5 two-port calibration standards connected to two of the ports, while the network analyzer is connected to the two remaining ports. Least-squares-fit data reduction techniques are used to lower error sensitivity. The effect of connectors is deembedded using closed-form equations. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.