高功率脉冲双包层光纤激光器的新进展

对高功率脉冲双包层光纤激光器的国内外研究进展进行评述，通过建立了小信号瞬态增益模型，对脉冲激光信号经过双包层光纤放大后的波形进行了数值模拟。分析了基于MOPA方式脉冲双包层光纤激光器的几个问题，报道了中科院上海光机所采用振荡-放大（MOPA）方法获得133．8W平均功率脉冲放大输出的实验结果。

Gaussian processes for machine learning (GPML) toolbox

The GPML toolbox provides a wide range of functionality for Gaussian process (GP) inference and prediction. GPs are specified by mean and covariance functions; we offer a library of simple mean and covariance functions and mechanisms to compose more complex ones. Several likelihood functions are supported including Gaussian and heavy-tailed for regression as well as others suitable for classification. Finally, a range of inference methods is provided, including exact and variational inference, Expectation Propagation, and Laplace’s method dealing with non-Gaussian likelihoods and FITC for dealing with large regression tasks.

KMgF3及KMgF3：Eu^2＋晶体的射线辐照效应

KMgF3F Eu晶体中Eu^3＋→Eu^2＋的转换率在低浓度掺杂时接近100％，完全转换的饱和掺杂摩尔分数为0．29％．实验条件下，KMgF，晶体的X射线1h辐照损伤可在约100h后恢复；KMgF3：Eu^2＋晶体经X射线辐照后，360nm锐峰发射强度略有降低．不同剂量的γ射线辐照，KMgF3晶体热释光曲线的各个温度峰强度变化明显不同，即使小剂量辐照，造成的损伤也较难恢复，如γ射线辐照剂量为10^3Gy时，辐照损伤的恢复时间约需30d．KMgF3：Eu^2＋晶体360nm锐峰发射强度随γ射线辐照剂量增大

Growth studies of m-GaN layers on LiAlO2 by MOCVD

This paper reports that the m-plane GaN layer is grown on (200)-plane LiAlO2 substrate by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) method. Tetragonal-shaped crystallites appear at the smooth surface. Raman measurement illuminates the compressive stress in the layer which is released with increasing the layer's thickness. The high transmittance (80%), sharp band edge and excitonic absorption peak show that the GaN layer has good optical quality. The donor acceptor pair emission peak located at similar to 3.41 eV with full-width at half maximum of 120 meV and no yellow peaks in the photoluminescence spectra partially show that no Li incorporated into GaN layer from the LiAlO2 substrate.

Cooperative and charge transfer luminescence in Yb3+ -doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAlO3)

YAlO3 (YAP) crystals with different Yb3+ concentration have been grown by Czochralski method and cooperative fluorescence of Yb3+ ions in YAP crystal was studied under 940-nm infrared (IR) LD excitation at room temperature. The Yb concentration dependence of absorption intensity of IR and charge transfer bands exhibit different features. The green emission band in the region of 480-520nm was assigned to the cooperative deexcitation of two Yb3+ ions. The remaining upconverted emission bands containing various sharp peaks associated with impurity ions were observed and discussed. Charge transfer luminescence of heavily doped 20at% Yb:YAP is strongly temperature dependent and no concentration quenching of the charge transfer luminescence was found through the investigation of different Yb levels samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anomalous scattering factor determined by semicircle fitting near the K-absorption edge of Ge

It is shown that the locus of the f' + if '' plot in the complex plane, f' being determined from measured f '' by using the dispersion relation, looks like a semicircle very near the absorption edge of Ge. The semicircular locus is derived from a quantum theory of X-ray resonant scattering when there is a sharp isolated peak in f '' just above the K-absorption edge. Using the semicircular behavior, an approach is proposed to determine the anomalous scattering factors in a crystal by fitting known calculated values based on an isolated-atom model to a semicircular focus. The determined anomalous scattering factors f' show excellent agreement with the measured values just below the absorption edge. In addition, the phase determination of a crystal structure factor has been considered by using the semicircular behavior.

Demonstration of GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes on (100) beta-Ga2O3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition

The growth and fabrication of GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes ( LEDs) on ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 single crystal substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique are reported. x-ray diffraction (XRD) theta-2 theta. scan spectroscopy is carried out on the GaN buffer layer grown on a ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 substrate. The spectrum presents several sharp peaks corresponding to the ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 and ( 004) GaN. High-quality ( 0002) GaN material is obtained. The emission characteristics of the GaN/InGaN MQW LED are measurement. The first green LED on beta-Ga2O3 with vertical current injection is demonstrated.

The Spanish Pension System: Overview and Long-Term Projections

In the middle of the so-called pension crisis, the ageing of population and the sharp decrease in affiliations to Social Security are threatening the well-functioning of the Spanish public pension system. The purpose of this paper is to present the main challenges to be faced by the Spanish pension system, as well as to shed light on the main determinants that will condition the evolution of pension expenditure over GDP along the following decades. This quantitative analysis, which considers the 2011 and 2013 pension reforms, uses the latest data on the Spanish demographic, labor market and institutional factors in order to project the evolution of the system from the expenditure side up to 2060. For the purpose of analyzing the dynamics and the underlying drivers of pension expenditure, the so-called aggregate accounting approach will be utilized. The alternative scenarios proposed allow for exploring the robustness of the results within the baseline scenario, which constitutes the reference point of projections in the exercise. The analysis concludes that, by the end of the projected period, Spain will count on a similar public pension expenditure ratio as the current one.

Aplicación del método de series de Uranio al grafismo rupestre de estilo paleolítico: el caso de la cavidad de Covalanas (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria)

[EN] Se ensaya la aplicación del procedimiento analítico de series de Uranio para el conocimiento de la seriación artística de obras parietales de estilo paleolítico. El resultado obtenido muestra la validez del método y abre nuevas vías para la obtención de fechas absolutas "ante quem" y "post quem" que sirvan para enmarcar momentos de ejecución de obras rupestres.

Análise bioética da relação médico-paciente na perícia médica da Previdência Social

Esta dissertação apresenta e discute resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida como pré-requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de mestre em Bioética, Ética Aplicada e Saúde Coletiva junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioética, Ética Aplicada e Saúde Coletiva da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em regime de associação com a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e a Universidade Federal Fluminense. A pesquisa de metodologia qualitativa analisou material empírico composto por amostra de registros da Ouvidoria da Previdência Social contendo reclamações sobre o atendimento médico-pericial. A Previdência integra o campo da seguridade social e tem a vida e suas intercorrências na população de segurados como seu objeto de cuidados e controles. O benefício auxílio-doença é o mais frequentemente concedido entre todos os benefícios da Previdência sendo devido somente a seus segurados em dupla condição de vulnerabilidade, doentes e incapazes para o trabalho. A verificação da condição de incapacidade para o trabalho é realizada pelos médicos peritos da Previdência Social como pré-requisito para acesso ao benefício e funciona como mecanismo de controle de custos. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que a tarefa de controle de acesso, realizada na interface com o segurado, exige um deslocamento da atividade médica da função assistencial para a pericial em decorrência da natureza da tarefa médico-pericial, onde o lugar do controle é o da exceção beneficente. Tal atribuição condiciona um risco da atividade médico-pericial que entendemos ser de ordem moral. As reclamações sobre o atendimento médico na perícia previdenciária foram compreendidas como índices de disfunções nesta interface, assim como os registros de violência em torno desta atividade. Resultantes da prática de limites de acesso ao benefício, na forma em que estes limites estão colocados. A análise desta interface coloca em relevo o paradoxo da proteção securitária que funciona retirando da proteção partes de sua população e caracteriza a relação médico-paciente na perícia médica da Previdência Social como moralmente conflituosa. A pesquisa na linha de uma bioética crítica, que enfatiza as políticas públicas que afetam a vida, entendeu Previdência Social como biopolítica e a atividade médico-pericial como expressão de biopoder, nos termos da filosofia política de Michel Foucault. Cabe à sociedade refletir seriamente sobre essas práticas de controle e definir o alcance e a forma da proteção securitária tendo em vista que esta proteção tensiona necessidades individuais e coletivas. Cabe a todos e a cada um ter em mente a dimensão ética da política previdenciária.

Estudo da frequência dos alelos de HLA-DRB1 em pacientes brasileiros com artrite reumatóide

Os alelos HLA-DRB1, que codificam uma sequência de aminoácidos (QKRAA/QRRAA/RRRAA) nas posições 70 a 74 da terceira região hipervariável da cadeia 1 do gene DRB1, denominada epítopo compartilhado (EC), estão associados com maior susceptibilidade e gravidade para artrite reumatóide (AR) em diversas populações. Uma nova classificação proposta por Du Montcel et al tem sido desenvolvida para apurar a associação entre HLA-DRB1 e AR. Este estudo foi desenhado com o objetivo de determinar a frequência dos alelos HLA-DRB1 em pacientes brasileiros com AR, e sua associação com o fator reumatoide (FR), anticorpos antipeptídeos citrulinados (ACPA) e lesão radiográfica articular e óssea. Quatrocentos e doze pacientes com AR e 215 controles foram incluídos. A tipificação HLA-DRB1 foi realizada pela reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) usando primers específicos e hibridação com oligonucleotídeos de sequência específica (SSOP). A pesquisa de ACPA foi determinada pela técnica de ELISA e a do FR por nefelometria, a avaliação radiográfica realizada pelo método do índice de Sharp modificado de Van Der Heijde. Para análises estatísticas foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado, t de Student e a regressão logística. Nos pacientes com AR alelos HLA-DRB1*04:01, *04:04, *04:05 se associaram com AR (p<0,05), embora o amplo intervalo de confiança, vale a pena ressaltar a associação observada com o alelo DRB1*09:01 e a doença (p<0,05). Alelos HLA-DRB1 EC+ foram observados em 62,8% dos pacientes e em 31,1% do grupo controle (OR 3,62; p <0,001) e estiveram associados com ACPA (OR 2,03; p<0,001). Alelos DRB1 DERAA mostraram efeito protetor para a AR (OR 0,42; p<0,001). A análise da nova classificação de HLA-DRB1 mostra que S2 e S3P se associaram a AR (p<0,05). Alelos S2 e/ou S3P esteve presente em 65% dos pacientes e 32% do grupo controle (OR 3,86; p<0,001) e estiveram associados a ACPA (OR.2,11; p=0,001). Alelos S3D, S1, X mostraram efeito protetor para a AR. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que pacientes brasileiros com AR de etnia majoritariamente mestiça, alelos HLA-DRB1 avaliados segundo a hipótese do EC e a classificação proposta por Du Montcel estiveram associados à suscetibilidade à doença e à presença de ACPA.

Using the empirical Bayes method to estimate and evaluate bycatch rates of seabirds from individual fishing vessels

Minimizing bycatch of seabirds is a major goal of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. In Alaska waters, the bycatch (i.e., inadvertent catches) of seabirds has been an incidental result of demersal groundfish longline fishery operations. Notably, the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) has been taken in this groundfish fishery. Bycatch rates of seabirds from individual vessels may be of particular interest because vessels with high bycatch rates may not be functioning effectively with seabird avoidance gears, and there may be a need for suggestions on how to use these avoidance gears more effectively. Therefore, bycatch estimates are usually made on an individual vessel basis and then summed to obtain the total estimate for the entire fleet.

Application of two methods for determining diet of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)

Examination of hard parts recovered from scats (feces) is currently the most common method for determining the diet of pinnipeds. However, large or sharp prey remains may be spewed (regurgitated) biasing prey composition and size estimations in diet studies based on scats. Percent frequency of occurrence (FO%) and age or size of selected prey remains recovered from northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) scat (n=3444) and spew samples (n=267) collected from rookeries on St. George Island and St. Paul Island, Alaska, between 1990 and 2000 were compared to determine if a bias in prey composition and age or size estimations existed between scats and spews. Overall prey composition was similar between sample type and location, but the relative FO% of primary prey (≥5%) varied by sample type and location. Age or size estimates of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and of two species of gonatid squids (Gonatopsis borealis and Berryteuthis magister) were significantly larger in spews than in scats. Observed differences in FO% and estimated age or size of prey species whose remains were found in scats and spews likely result from size-selective digestion of prey remains. Scats were biased toward smaller prey remains, whereas spews were biased toward larger prey remains and cephalopod beaks. The percent overlap between age classes of walleye pollock caught by the commercial trawl fishery and age classes of walleye pollock consumed by northern fur seals varied noticeably between sample types for both islands (scats: St. George=15. 5%; St. Paul=4.1%; spews: St. George=94.6%; St. Paul=89.6%). These results demonstrate that the inclusion of multiple sampling methods allows for a more accurate assessment of northern fur seal prey occurrence and prey age and size.