Interactive management control via analytic hierarchy process (AHP). An empirical study in a public university hospital

Management control in public university hospitals is a challenging task because of continuous changes due to external pressures (e.g. economic pressures, stakeholder focuses and scientific progress) and internal complexities (top management turnover, shared leadership, technological evolution, and researcher oriented mission). Interactive budgeting contributed to improving vertical and horizontal communication between hospital and stakeholders and between different organizational levels. This paper describes an application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to enhance interactive budgeting in one of the biggest public university hospital in Italy. AHP improved budget allocation facilitating elicitation and formalization of units' needs. Furthermore, AHP facilitated vertical communication among manager and stakeholders, as it allowed multilevel hierarchical representation of hospital needs, and horizontal communication among staff of the same hospital, as it allowed units' need prioritization and standardization, with a scientific multi-criteria approach, without using complex mathematics. Finally, AHP allowed traceability of a complex decision making processes (as budget allocation), this aspect being of paramount importance in public sectors, where managers are called to respond to many different stakeholders about their choices.

The design and implementation of a study to investigate the effectiveness of community vs hospital eye service follow-up for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with quiescent disease

Introduction
Standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs. Following multiple injections, nAMD lesions often become quiescent but there is a high risk of reactivation, and regular review by hospital ophthalmologists is the norm. The present trial examines the feasibility of community optometrists making lesion reactivation decisions.

Methods
The Effectiveness of Community vs Hospital Eye Service (ECHoES) trial is a virtual trial; lesion reactivation decisions were made about vignettes that comprised clinical data, colour fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomograms displayed on a web-based platform. Participants were either hospital ophthalmologists or community optometrists. All participants were provided with webinar training on the disease, its management, and assessment of the retinal imaging outputs. In a balanced design, 96 participants each assessed 42 vignettes; a total of 288 vignettes were assessed seven times by each professional group.The primary outcome is a participant's judgement of lesion reactivation compared with a reference standard. Secondary outcomes are the frequency of sight threatening errors; judgements about specific lesion components; participant-rated confidence in their decisions about the primary outcome; cost effectiveness of follow-up by optometrists rather than ophthalmologists.

Discussion
This trial addresses an important question for the NHS, namely whether, with appropriate training, community optometrists can make retreatment decisions for patients with nAMD to the same standard as hospital ophthalmologists. The trial employed a novel approach as participation was entirely through a web-based application; the trial required very few resources compared with those that would have been needed for a conventional randomised controlled clinical trial.

A Nova Gestão Pública aplicada em contexto hospitalar:impacto na Cultura Organizacional do Hospital Distrital de Santarém, EPE

Dissertação, Mestrado, Gestão Pública, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior de Gestão e Tecnologia, 2014

O ajustamento de crianças com doença crónica e o brincar no hospital

Este trabalho procura averiguar o impacte das doenças crónicas no ajustamento psicológico das crianças, tendo em conta diferentes tipos de doenças, as suas características e a perceção dos pais acerca das mesmas. Para além disso procura perceber a perceção dos pais e dos profissionais de saúde em relação à importância atribuída ao brincar em contexto hospitalar. A amostra é constituída por 176 crianças, dos 3 aos 10 anos, distribuídas por quatro grupos: crianças com asma, crianças com cancro, crianças com patologia uro-nefrológica e crianças sem doença. A recolha de dados teve lugar nas salas de espera de consulta externa de Pediatria do Hospital Infante D. Pedro e de Oncologia Médica do Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra. Este estudo recorreu a metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa. Desta forma os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Observação do Brincar (POS), alguns itens do Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), o Questionário de Capacidades e de Dificuldades (SDQ) e a entrevista semi-estruturada. O ajustamento psicológico foi avaliado através de questionários aplicados aos pais mas também através da observação direta do brincar da criança, colmatando assim uma das principais lacunas nesta área – o acesso a uma única fonte de informação e forma de avaliação. A análise dos resultados permitiu perceber que não existe uma relação linear entre o ajustamento psicológico das crianças e a presença de uma doença crónica e que a avaliação do ajustamento da criança através da observação direta do brincar nem sempre é coincidente com a perspetiva dos pais acerca desse ajustamento. Tanto os pais como os profissionais de saúde reconhecem ainda inúmeras vantagens na utilização do brincar em crianças com doença crónica.

Metacognição e formação profissional dos enfermeiros: um estudo exploratório num hospital do centro do país

A abertura dos indivíduos face às oportunidades de aprendizagem e, a forma como estes analisam e interpretam as experiências do seu quotidiano, parecem estar intimamente ligadas à auto-aprendizagem e, dessa forma à motivação para a formação, o que sugere uma relação positiva entre estas dimensões e o desempenho dos indivíduos no contexto de trabalho. Neste âmbito, desenvolvemos um estudo que teve como objetivo principal analisar a relação entre metacognição e o percurso de formação profissional dos enfermeiros, numa amostra constituída por 141 enfermeiros (N= 141), a exercer funções num Hospital Distrital do Centro do País. O dispositivo utilizado para a recolha dos dados incluiu uma adaptação da Escala de Formação Profissional dos Enfermeiros (EFPE) – a perspetiva do profissional de enfermagem, construída e validada por Guerra (2008), e o Inventário de Atividade Metacognitiva de Grendene (2007). Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a uma maior atividade metacognitiva está associada uma perceção mais favorável dos benefícios da formação, o que também se verificou no resultado Global das Dimensões da EFPE. Para investigações futuras sugere-se o desenho de estudos longitudinais que, para além das medidas relativas à metacognição e à formação profissional, contem com uma avaliação das dimensões formativas do contexto de trabalho.

Strategic Human Resource Management of Volunteers and the Link to Hospital Patient Satisfaction

This article uses strategic human resource management theory to consider the ways in which volunteers can potentially enhance hospital patient satisfaction. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis of multi-source data on 107 U.S. hospitals show positive associations between hospital strategy, volunteer management practices, volunteer workforce attributes, and patient satisfaction. Although no causality can be assumed, the results shed light on the volunteer–patient satisfaction relationship and have important implications for hospital leaders, volunteer administrators, and future research.

Understanding the Needs of People with Dementia and Family Carers

This is the first in a short series that presents case study examples of the positive work achieved by trusts who participated in the Royal College of Nursing's development programme to improve dementia care in acute hospitals. When a person with dementia is in hospital, poor understanding of individual needs and preferences can contribute to a lack of person-centred care. Similarly, the needs of family carers can often be overlooked and staff do not always appreciate these needs at such a stressful time. This article illustrates how three NHS trusts have addressed these issues. To help staff get to know patients with dementia, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust has implemented a patient passport. Similarly, The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust has implemented a carer passport that overcomes the restrictions imposed by hospital visiting hours. Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust also focused on carers, holding a workshop to elicit feedback on what was important to them. This was a useful means of engaging with carers and helped staff to realise that even simple changes can have a significant effect.

Improving Activity and Engagement for Patients with Dementia

This is the second in a short series that presents case study examples of the positive work achieved by trusts that participated in the Royal College of Nursing’s development programme to improve dementia care in acute hospitals. Staff often think that there is insufficient time to get to know patients and carers, especially with large and challenging workloads. Combined with a lack of activities and stimulation for patients with dementia in hospital, this can result in poor engagement and a disconnect between staff and patients. To improve these relationships and give staff more time with patients, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has introduced bay nursing for patients with dementia, where one nurse is responsible for monitoring a bay alongside a healthcare assistant for an entire shift. Part of Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital in North Wales has focused on improving stimulation by creating an activity room with a specially trained activity worker, providing a relaxed and friendly setting where patients with dementia can take part in a range of activities and have lunch together.

Estado nutricional dos doentes oncológicos seguidos numa consulta de dietética e nutrição : relatório de estágio efetuado no Serviço de Dietética e Nutrição do Hospital de Santa Maria, EPE, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

Estágio no Serviço de Dietética e Nutrição e no Departamento de Neurologia no Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

Estágio no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte - Polo: Hospital de Santa Maria - Serviço de Dietética e Nutrição

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Nutrição Clínica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

The influence of multimorbidity on hospital, intensive care, and emergency department use at the end of life for patients with chronic conditions

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-03

Risk Modelling Framework for Emergency Hospital Readmission, Using Hospital Episode Statistics Inpatient Data

The objective of this study was to develop, test and benchmark a framework and a predictive risk model for hospital emergency readmission within 12 months. We performed the development using routinely collected Hospital Episode Statistics data covering inpatient hospital admissions in England. Three different timeframes were used for training, testing and benchmarking: 1999 to 2004, 2000 to 2005 and 2004 to 2009 financial years. Each timeframe includes 20% of all inpatients admitted within the trigger year. The comparisons were made using positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity for different risk cut-offs, risk bands and top risk segments, together with the receiver operating characteristic curve. The constructed Bayes Point Machine using this feature selection framework produces a risk probability for each admitted patient, and it was validated for different timeframes, sub-populations and cut-off points. At risk cut-off of 50%, the positive predictive value was 69.3% to 73.7%, the specificity was 88.0% to 88.9% and sensitivity was 44.5% to 46.3% across different timeframes. Also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 73.0% to 74.3%. The developed framework and model performed considerably better than existing modelling approaches with high precision and moderate sensitivity.

Business Process Modelling based on formal temporal theory with an application to hospital patient flows

Existing Workflow Management Systems (WFMSs) follow a pragmatic approach. They often use a proprietary modelling language with an intuitive graphical layout. However the underlying semantics lack a formal foundation. As a consequence, analysis issues, such as proving correctness i.e. soundness and completeness, and reliable execution are not supported at design level. This project will be using an applied ontology approach by formally defining key terms such as process, sub-process, action/task based on formal temporal theory. Current business process modelling (BPM) standards such as Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) Activity Diagram (AD) model their constructs with no logical basis. This investigation will contribute to the research and industry by providing a framework that will provide grounding for BPM to reason and represent a correct business process (BP). This is missing in the current BPM domain, and may result in reduction of the design costs and avert the burden of redundant terms used by the current standards. A graphical tool will be introduced which will implement the formal ontology defined in the framework. This new tool can be used both as a modelling tool and at the same time will serve the purpose of validating the model. This research will also fill the existing gap by providing a unified graphical representation to represent a BP in a logically consistent manner for the mainstream modelling standards in the fields of business and IT. A case study will be conducted to analyse a catalogue of existing ‘patient pathways’ i.e. processes, of King’s College Hospital NHS Trust including current performance statistics. Following the application of the framework, a mapping will be conducted, and new performance statistics will be collected. A cost/benefits analysis report will be produced comparing the results of the two approaches.