Remarkable Selectivity and Photo-Cytotoxicity of an Oxidovanadium(IV) Complex of Curcumin in Visible Light

Oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of 2-(2'-pyridyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (pyphen), viz. VO(pyphen)(acac)](ClO4) (1), VO(pyphen)(anacac)](ClO4) (2) and VO(pyphen)(cur)](ClO4) (3), where acac is acetylacetonate (in 1), anacac is anthracenylacetylacetonate (in 2) and cur is curcumin monoanion (in 3) were synthesized, characterized and their photo-induced DNA cleavage activities and photo-cytotoxicities studied. The complexes are 1: 1 electrolytes in DMF. The one-electron paramagnetic complexes show a d-d band near 760 nm in DMF. Complexes 2 and 3 are blue and green emissive, respectively, in DMSO. The complexes exhibit irreversible V-IV/V-III reductive responses near -1.1 V and V-V/V-IV oxidative responses near 0.85 V vs. SCE in DMF-0.1 M TBAP. Complexes 2 and 3 display significant and selective photo-cytotoxicity upon irradiation with visible light giving an IC50 value of about 5 mu M against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells; they are significantly less-toxic against normal 3T3 control cells and in the absence of light. Complex 1 was used as a control. Both cytosolic and nuclear localization of the complexes were observed on the basis of fluorescence imaging. The complexes, avid binders to calf thymus (ct) DNA, were found to photocleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA upon irradiation with near-IR light (785 nm) by generating hydroxyl radical (OH) as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell death events noted with HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines likely are attributable to apoptotic pathways involving light-assisted generation of intracellular ROS.

Photocytotoxic oxovanadium(IV) complexes of ferrocenyl-terpyridine and acetylacetonate derivatives

Oxovanadium(IV) complexes VO(Fc-tpy)(acac)](ClO4) (1), VO(Fc-tpy)(nap-acac)](ClO4) (2), VO(Fc-tpy)(py-acac)](ClO4) (3) and VO(Ph-tpy)(py-acac)](ClO4) (4) of 4'-ferroceny1-2,2':6',2 `'-terpyridine (Fc-tpy) and 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2 `'-terpyridine (Ph-tpy) having monoanionic acetylacetonate (acac), naphthylacetylacetonate (nap-acac) or pyrenylacetylacetonate (py-acac) ligand were prepared, characterized and their photocytotoxicity in visible light studied. The ferrocenyl complexes 1-3 showed an intense charge transfer band near 585 nm in DMF and displayed Fc(+)/Fc and V(IV)/V(III) redox couples near 0.66 V and -0.95 V vs. SCE in DMF-0.1 M TBAP. The complexes as avid binders to calf thymus DNA showed significant photocleavage of plasmid DNA in green light (568 nm) forming center dot OH radicals. The complexes that are photocytotoxic in HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells in visible light (400-700 nm) with low dark toxicity remain nontoxic in normal fibroblast 3T3 cells. ICP-MS and fluorescence microscopic studies show significant cellular uptake of the complexes. Photo-irradiation of the complexes causes apoptotic cell death by ROS as evidenced from the DCFDA assay. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Teología, 1966, Tomo IV/1 nº 8 (número completo)

La Comunión de vida con Dios en la Iglesia (Capítulos V, VII y VIII) / Rafael A. Tello -- La Jerarquía: una potestad al servicio de la Iglesia (Capítulo III) / Carmelo J. Giaquinta -- El Laicado en la Iglesia (capítulo IV) / Pedro Geltman -- La vida religiosa en la Constitución “Lumen Gentium” (Capítulo VI) / Domingo Basso -- Crónica de la Facultad (enero-marzo 1966) -- Bibliografía

Un testigo directo de las tensiones religiosas en la Alejandría de los siglos IV y V D.C. : Páladas de Alejandría en la Antología Palatina

Abstract: Although he is the most prolific writer of the Greek Anthology, Palladas’ life is almost unknown. But, in spite of the limited biographical data, his work has fortunately been preserved in the GA. Because of his literary creation, the old times rewarded him with the nickname Μετέωρος, high, since the literary merits of a hundred poems of his authorship was recognized (others are discussed by critics). A dozen of them contains invaluable information about the political, religious and social situation in Alexandria immediately after the victory of the bishop Theophilus, Cyril’s predecessor and uncle, during the conflict between Christians and Gentiles, each sector backed up by an Alexandrian population segment (cfr. 9.528, 10.82, 10.85) . Resigned at times, constantly demanding, Palladas complains about the decline of the belief professed by him due to the increasing penetration of the new faith. Therefore, four epigrams record the conversion of the temple of Tyche into a tavern (9.180-183) and 10.90 seems to attack the doctrine of the Resurrection. When religion and politics go hand-in-hand, when religious conspiracies link up with palace intrigues, consequences are predictable: a man called Doroteo denounced him for his negative response to the new dogma, which caused him the loss of his teacher paid work. His annoyance was even greater with further sufferings, chiefly economic, and he had to sell his books (9.171 and 9.175) among other desperate decisions Forewarned about his radical bitterness against Church, it is just to make clear that he is not fully acquiescent with ancient gods and heroes. Thus, in 5.257 he questions Zeus’ ars amandi, in 9.377 refutes Tantalus’ possibility of thirst and hunger in Hades and 9.773 mischievously points out that Eros has been changed into a pan. The work begins with the selection, personal translation and comprehensive analysis of twenty two epigrams. Through such philological aid, we attempt to verify the frictions and the main perceptible factors in his poetic creation to justify his worldview, according to the pagan sentiment widespread in that time before the twilight already overwhelming of its ailing traditions

Algunos aspectos de la vida cotidiana en la comedia griega

La comedia es uno de los géneros literarios que mejor refleja la vida diaria, donde encuentra numerosos elementos que le sirven de recurso para provocar la risa. El presente artículo se centra en cómo muestran los autores cómicos algunos aspectos de la vida pública (el funcionamiento de la asamblea popular y el sistema judicial) y de la vida privada (la alimentación y la gastronomía) de la Atenas de los siglos V y IV a.C.

Ordenações, e leys do reyno de Portugal, confirmadas, e estabelecidas pelo senhor Rey D. João IV

Compilação de leis vigentes em Portugal e no Brasil, instituidas no reinado de Felipe II da Espanha, e publicadas por Felipe III. O primeiro livro contém os regimentos dos magistrados e oficiais de justiça. Ao segundo adicionaram-se as isenções e privilegios concedidos ao clero. No terceiro, inseriu-se a nova ordem do processo civil. Tiveram vigência no Brasil até o fim de 1916, quando começou a vigorar o Código Civil.

Chronica do muito alto, e muito esclarecido principe D. Affonso III., Quinto Rei de Portugal

Trata-se de uma "esplêndida edição, adornada de escudos alegóricos com armas reais portuguesas no centro -- que encabeçam as dedicatórias--, de artísticas letras iniciais, vinhetas, cabeções e florões decorativs, tudo aberto em chapa de madeira. Os frontispícios das crônicas são impressos em linhas alternadas, em preto e vermelho, e ornados de escudos das armas de Portugal", conforme esclarece o Catálogo da Livraria do Conde Ameal.

Ekonomian lizentziaturako matematika III. Azterketak

irakasgaia gainditu behar duten ikasleentzat, eta baita ere, gai batzuetan, gradu berriko Matematika I eta Matematika II irakasgaiko ikasleentzat.Ekonomian Lizentziaturako Matematika III irakasgaiko azken hamar urteetan jarri diren azterketak eta haien erantzunak aurkituko dituzue. Lehenengo zatian, egin gabeko azterketak daude, ordena kronologikoan, zaharrenetik berrienera, eta bigarren zatian, erantzunak daude, ordena kronologikoan ere baina gaika ere. Horrela, programaren gai bakoitzaren ariketa guztiak elkarrekin aurkituko dituzue, gaiz gai ikasi nahi izanez gero.

Enpresen administrazio eta zuzendaritzako lizentziaturako matematika III. Azterketak

Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzako Lizentziaturako Matematika III irakasgaia gainditu behar duten ikasleentzat, eta baita ere, gai batzuetan, gradu berriko Matematika I eta Matematika II irakasgaiko ikasleentzat.Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzako Lizentziaturako Matematika III irakasgaiko azken hamar urteetan jarri diren azterketak eta haien erantzunak aurkituko dituzue. Lehenengo zatian, egin gabeko azterketak daude, ordena kronologikoan, zaharrenetik berrienera, eta bigarren zatian, erantzunak daude, ordena kronologikoan ere baina gaika ere. Horrela, programaren gai bakoitzaren ariketa guztiak elkarrekin aurkituko dituzue, gaiz gai ikasi nahi izanez gero.

Aristóteles, «Poética» 1454a 24, y la tragedia del siglo IV

[ES] La cualidad de "semejantes", el requisito que Aristóteles señala han de poseer los personajes de la tragedia en «Poét.» 1454a 24, ha recibido fundamentalmente dos interpretaciones distintas. Una, la que supone que tal semejanza lo es con el hombre ordinario, está bien asentada dentro de la argumentación general de la «Poética»; la otra, que relaciona el concepto con el prototipo mítico, requiere más aclaraciones que la anterior si se pretende que pueda ser aristotélica. De ello nos ocupamos en el presente artículo, poniendo en relación la práctica contemporánea, la tragedia del siglo IV, con las opiniones de Aristóteles en la «Poética».

Síntese, caracterização e estudo da ação antituberculose e citotóxica de hidrazonas derivadas de isoniazida e de seus complexos de cobre(II) e gálio(III)

No presente trabalho é descrita a obtenção de hidrazonas derivadas de isoniazida e de seus complexos de cobre(II) e gálio(III) candidatos a protótipos de fármacos antituberculose e antitumoral. Para investigar o efeito da modificação química sobre as bioatividades do fármaco isoniazida, foram preparados cinco derivados hidrazônicos: 2-piridinocarboxaldeído isonicotinoil hidrazona (HPCIH, 1), 2-acetilpiridina isonicotinoil hidrazona (HAPIH, 2), 2-benzoilpiridina isonicotinoil hidrazona (HBPIH, 3), 2-piridinoformamida isonicotinoil hidrazona (HPAmIH, 4) e 2-pirazinoformamida isonicotinoil hidrazona (HPzAmIH, 5), sendo o composto HPAmIH (4) inédito. Análises de ponto de fusão, espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas, ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), análise elementar e termogravimetria confirmaram a obtenção e pureza das hidrazonas. Foi determinada ainda a estrutura de HPCIH (1) por difração de raios X de monocristal. Essas moléculas foram efetivas em inibir o crescimento de cepas de micobactérias Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) nas concentrações testadas, com exceção de HPzAmIH (5). As hidrazonas HAPIH (2) e HBPIH (3) foram os compostos orgânicos mais ativos (concentração inibitória mínima, CIM = 0,625 g/mL), apresentando atividade antimicobacteriana apenas duas vezes inferior à do fármaco isoniazida.Quanto à ação contra células tumorais, as hidrazonas HAPIH (2) e HBPIH (3) foram as mais potentes contra as linhagens OVCAR-8 (tumor de ovário - humano), HCT-116 (tumor de cólon - humano) e SF-295 (glioblastoma humano), com inibições de 34,98 a 98,63% do crescimento celular, na concentração de 5 g/mL, enquanto que a isoniazida não foi efetiva contra as linhagens estudadas. Para avaliar o efeito da coordenação a metais sobre a atividade farmacológica das hidrazonas, foram sintetizados os complexos de cobre(II) e gálio(III), sendo todos inéditos: [Cu(HPCIH)Cl2]∙H2O (6), [Cu(HAPIH)Cl2]∙H2O (7), [Cu2(HBPIH)2Cl2]Cl2∙4H2O(8), [Cu(HPAmIH)Cl2]∙H2O (9), [Cu(HPzAmIH)Cl2]∙H2O (10), [Ga(HPCIH)2](NO3)32H2O (11), [Ga(HAPIH)(APIH)](NO3)22H2O (12), [Ga(HPAmIH)(PAmIH)](NO3)22H2O(13) e [Ga(HPzAmIH)(PzAmIH)](NO3)2H2O (14). Os complexos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de IV, análise elementar, condutivimetria, RMN e espectroscopia eletrônica. Em geral, os complexos também demonstraram ação contra M. tuberculosis, sendo que apenas para 6, 9, 10 e 14 foi verificada melhor atividade em relação às hidrazonas livres. Os complexos metálicos foram tanto quanto ou mais ativos contra as células tumorais OVCAR-8, HCT-116 e SF-295 do que as hidrazonas livres. Merecem destaque os complexos 79 e 12, que apresentaram inibição de crescimento celular de 72,2100%, na concentração de 5 g/mL. Os resultados demonstram portanto que em geral os compostos 114 são menos ativos do que a isoniazida contra M. tuberculosis, enquanto que a modificação química do fármaco, formando-se hidrazonas com posterior complexação cobre(II) e gálio(III) constituíram uma estratégia interessante na obtenção de compostos mais potentes contra células tumorais

International legal instruments relevant to fisheries and fishing communities : a handbook. Theme III. Oceans and fisheries management

This handbook provides detailed information for a wide range of legal instruments relevant to fisheries and fishworkers. It covers 114 legal instruments, categorized into the following seven themes: Theme I. Human Rights, Food Security, Women and Development. Theme II. Environment and Sustainable Development. Theme III. Oceans and Fisheries Management. Theme IV. Environmental Pollution Theme V. Fishing Vessels and Safety at Sea Theme VI. Labour Theme VII. Trade The handbook also includes the working of the instruments (decision-making bodies, monitoring and implementation agencies, periodicity of meetings, rules for participation in meetings of the decision-making bodies and implementation agencies for States and non-governmental organizations), regional instrument and agencies. Apart from being a ready reckoner to the instruments, it highlights the important sections of relevance to fisheries or small-scale fisheries and fishworkers. The companion CD-ROM provides the full texts of the instruments in a searchable database. The handbook will be useful for fishworker and non-governmental organizations, and also for researchers and others interested in fisheries issues.

International legal instruments relevant to fisheries and fishing communities : a handbook. Theme IV. Environmental pollution

This handbook provides detailed information for a wide range of legal instruments relevant to fisheries and fishworkers. It covers 114 legal instruments, categorized into the following seven themes: Theme I. Human Rights, Food Security, Women and Development. Theme II. Environment and Sustainable Development. Theme III. Oceans and Fisheries Management. Theme IV. Environmental Pollution Theme V. Fishing Vessels and Safety at Sea Theme VI. Labour Theme VII. Trade The handbook also includes the working of the instruments (decision-making bodies, monitoring and implementation agencies, periodicity of meetings, rules for participation in meetings of the decision-making bodies and implementation agencies for States and non-governmental organizations), regional instrument and agencies. Apart from being a ready reckoner to the instruments, it highlights the important sections of relevance to fisheries or small-scale fisheries and fishworkers. The companion CD-ROM provides the full texts of the instruments in a searchable database. The handbook will be useful for fishworker and non-governmental organizations, and also for researchers and others interested in fisheries issues.

Role of RNA polymerase IV in plant small RNA metabolism.

In addition to the three RNA polymerases (RNAP I-III) shared by all eukaryotic organisms, plant genomes encode a fourth RNAP (RNAP IV) that appears to be specialized in the production of siRNAs. Available data support a model in which dsRNAs are generated by RNAP IV and RNA-dependent RNAP 2 (RDR2) and processed by DICER (DCL) enzymes into 21- to 24-nt siRNAs, which are associated with different ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins for transcriptional or posttranscriptional gene silencing. However, it is not yet clear what fraction of genomic siRNA production is RNAP IV-dependent, and to what extent these siRNAs are preferentially processed by certain DCL(s) or associated with specific AGOs for distinct downstream functions. To address these questions on a genome-wide scale, we sequenced approximately 335,000 siRNAs from wild-type and RNAP IV mutant Arabidopsis plants by using 454 technology. The results show that RNAP IV is required for the production of >90% of all siRNAs, which are faithfully produced from a discrete set of genomic loci. Comparisons of these siRNAs with those accumulated in rdr2 and dcl2 dcl3 dcl4 and those associated with AGO1 and AGO4 provide important information regarding the processing, channeling, and functions of plant siRNAs. We also describe a class of RNAP IV-independent siRNAs produced from endogenous single-stranded hairpin RNA precursors.