Evolutionary rates of Jurassic ammonites in relation to sea-level fluctuations

An analysis is presented of the diversity and faunal turnover of Jurassic ammonites related to transgressive /regressive events. The data set contained 400 genera and 1548 species belonging to 67 ammonite zones covering the entire Jurassic System. These data were used in the construction of faunal turnover curves and ammonite diversities, that correlate with sea-level fluctuation curves. Twenty-four events of ammonite faunal turnover are analyzed throughout the Jurassic. The most important took place at the Sinemurian-Carixian boundary, latest Carixian-Middle Domerian, Domerian-Toarcian boundary, latest Middle Toarcian-Late Toarcian, Toarcian-Aalenian boundary, latest Aalenian-earliest Bajocian, latest Early Bajocian-earliest Late Bojocian, Early Bathonian-Middle Bathonian boundary, latest Middle Bathonian-earliest Late Bathonian, latest Bathonian-Early Callovian, earliest Early Oxfordian-Middle Oxfordian, earliest Late Oxfordian-latest Oxfordian, latest Early Kimmeridgian, Late Kimmeridgian, middle Early Tithonian and Early Tithonian-Late Tithonian boundary. More than 75 percent of these turnovers correlate with regressive-transgressive cycles in the Exxon, and /or Hallam's sea-level curves. Inmost cases the extinction events coincide with regressive intervals, whereas origination and radiation events are related to transgressive cycles. The turnovers frequently coincide with major or minor discontinuities in the Subbetic basin (Betic Cordillera).

Informe estadístico anual de los recursos hidrobiologicos de la pesca artesanal por especies, artes, caletas y meses durante 1997.

Presenta las estadísticas de recursos hidrobiológicos tomadas en 34 caletas / puertos distribuidos a lo largo del litoral.

Estimados de biomasa y distribución del krill (Euphausia superba), utilizando 38 y 120 kHz. Verano austral 1998. Perú Antar IX

Con el objetivo de evaluar la biomasa y distribución del krill se llevó a cabo un Crucero de Evaluación Hidroacústica a bordo del BIC Humboldt entre los días 12 y 24 de enero de 1998, a largo del Estrecho de Bransfield y alrededores de la Isla Elefante. Previamente se efectuaron calibraciones de la ecosonda SIMRAD EK 500 utilizando blanco estándar. El trayecto utilizado para el muestreo acústico fue sistemático, paralelo con separaciones de 15 y 12 mn (Estrecho Bransfield e Isla Elefante, respectivamente). Se utilizaron frecuencias de 38 y 120 kHz; la frecuencia de 120 kHz se determinó para la detección entre 2 y 150 mn de profundidad y la de 38 kHz entre 150 - 400 m. Para obtener el área de distribución del krill se utilizó un software de interpolación de datos; y para estimados de biomasa, la metodología de estratificación por cuadrantes de 0,5 - de latitud 1,0 - de longitud. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el krill se encontró en gran parte del área evaluada, con las mayores concentraciones cerca de la Isla D 'Urville, al este de la Isla Rey Jorge, sur de la Isla Robert y en áreas cercanas a la Isla Elefante, distribuidas principalmente entre 50 y 100 m de profundidad.

A Novel HLA-B18 Restricted CD8+ T Cell Epitope Is Efficiently Cross-Presented by Dendritic Cells from Soluble Tumor Antigen.

NY-ESO-1 has been a major target of many immunotherapy trials because it is expressed by various cancers and is highly immunogenic. In this study, we have identified a novel HLA-B*1801-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope, NY-ESO-1(88-96) (LEFYLAMPF) and compared its direct- and cross-presentation to that of the reported NY-ESO-1(157-165) epitope restricted to HLA-A*0201. Although both epitopes were readily cross-presented by DCs exposed to various forms of full-length NY-ESO-1 antigen, remarkably NY-ESO-1(88-96) is much more efficiently cross-presented from the soluble form, than NY-ESO-1(157-165). On the other hand, NY-ESO-1(157-165) is efficiently presented by NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells and its presentation was not enhanced by IFN-γ treatment, which induced immunoproteasome as demonstrated by Western blots and functionally a decreased presentation of Melan A(26-35); whereas NY-ESO-1(88-96) was very inefficiently presented by the same tumor cell lines, except for one that expressed high level of immunoproteasome. It was only presented when the tumor cells were first IFN-γ treated, followed by infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding NY-ESO-1, which dramatically increased NY-ESO-1 expression. These data indicate that the presentation of NY-ESO-1(88-96) is immunoproteasome dependent. Furthermore, a survey was conducted on multiple samples collected from HLA-B18(+) melanoma patients. Surprisingly, all the detectable responses to NY-ESO-1(88-96) from patients, including those who received NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX? vaccine were induced spontaneously. Taken together, these results imply that some epitopes can be inefficiently presented by tumor cells although the corresponding CD8(+) T cell responses are efficiently primed in vivo by DCs cross-presenting these epitopes. The potential implications for cancer vaccine strategies are further discussed.