Pollen From Alder (Alnus sp.), Birch (Betula sp.) and Oak (Quercus sp.) in the UK Originate From Small Woodlands

We have analysed the pollen seasons in Worcester for the period 2005–12 for alder (Alnus), birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus) by using back trajectory calculations and produced the first detailed source maps for these three pollen types. The study shows considerable variations in the source–receptor relationship of three of the most important tree pollen types in England with respect to allergy. Long Distance Transport is observed for Quercus and Betula but not for Alnus. The new source maps show a number of high emitting areas for Betula and Quercus, mainly near London, in the Midlands and in Wales. The production of source maps is sensitive to the used type of land cover data and how well they incorporate small woodlands. Two satellite products, Corine Land Cover and Globcover, are compared with the detailed national land cover product Land Cover Map 2007. The broad scale satellite products show either up to 50% less woody coverage or a direct misplacement of woodlands. The Lagrangian back trajectory model, the pollen count observations and the source maps altogether suggest that small woodlands (below 25 ha) play a major role in the overall pollen load in urban areas in England.

Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human patients

Three human clinical strains (W9323T , X0209T and X0394) isolated from lung biopsy, blood and cerebral spinal fluid, respectively, were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the three strains belonged to two novel branches within the genus Kroppenstedtia : 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of W9323T showed closest sequence similarity to Kroppenstedtia eburnea JFMB- ATET (95.3 %), Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis GD02T (94.7 %) and strain X0209T (94.6 %); sequence analysis of strain X0209T showed closest sequence similarity to K . eburnea JFMB- ATET (96.4 %) and K. guangzhouensis GD02T (96.0 %). Strains X0209T and X0394 were 99.9 % similar to each other by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The DNA- DNA relatedness was 94.6 %, confirming that X0209T and X0394 belong to the same species. Chemotaxonomic data for strains W9323T and X0209T were consistent with those described for the genus Kroppenstedtia : whole- cell peptidoglycan contained LL- diaminopimelic acid; the major cellular fatty acids were iso- C15 and anteiso- C15 ; and the major menaquinone was MK- 7. Different endospore morphology, carbon utilization profiles, and whole cell wall sugar patterns of strains W9323T and X0209T supported by phylogenetic analysis enabled us to conclude that the strains represent two new species within the genus Kroppenstedtia , for which the names Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. (type strain W9323T = DSM 45752T = CCUG 68107T) and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov. (type strain X0209T = DSM 45749T = CCUG 38657T) are proposed.

Tratamento de cor em pós-produção televisiva: o caso da produtora de conteúdos SP Televisão

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

As cidades médias e suas múltiplas particularidades: produção e consumo do espaço urbano em Marília - SP e Mossoró - RN

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação técnica e econômica de um biodigestor de fluxo tubular: estudo de caso do modelo implantado na etec "orlando quagliato" em Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Os efeitos do aumento das concentrações de dióxido de carbono e da turbulência na diatomácea, Chaetoceros sp.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza.

Insignificant impact of prescribed fire on surface soil in a Pinus pinaster plantation, northern Portugal

Following a prescribed fire in a Pinus pinaster forest site located in the north-west Portugal, monitoring of any changes in selected soil characteristics and soil hydrology was undertaken to assess the effects of burning on the following: pH, electrical conductivity, water content, organic carbon and porosity. Thirty plots were established on a regular grid. At each sample plot before and after the fire, samples were collected (disturbed samples from depths of 0-1cm and 1-5cm; undisturbed core samples from 0-5cm). The results indicate that there was no measurable impact on the properties of the soil following this carefully conducted prescribed fire. The fire only affected the litter layer, as intended. Confirmation of this minimal impact on the soil was provided by regrowth of grasses and herbs already occurring two months after the fire. The implication is, therefore, that provided this wildfire-risk reduction strategy is carried out under existing strict guidelines, any impact on soil quality will be minimal.

A qualitative description of soil parameters variation due to a prescribed fire in Portuguese northwestern forests using Fuzzy Boolean Nets — The case study of Cabreira mountain

In this paper we study the modifications that occurred in some forest soil properties after a prescribed fire. The research focused on the alterations of soil pH, soil moisture and soil organic matter content during a two-year span, from 2008 to 2009. The study site is located in Anjos, Vieira do Minho municipality, a forest site that has suffered from recurrent wildfires for several decades. Furze (Ulex, sp.), broom (Cytisus, sp.), gorse (Chamaespartum tridentatum) and a very few disperse adult pine (Pinus sylvestris) are the predominant vegetation type in the study area. The average height of this shrub vegetation is around 1.5 m. The prescribed fire was conducted by the National Forestry Authority (AFN) in November 2008. Fuzzy Boolean Nets (FBN) were used to evaluate the alteration in soil parameters when compared with adjacent spots where: i) no fire occurrence was registered since 1998; ii) fire occurrence was registered in 2008; and iii) vegetation pruning by mechanical cut was done in Spring six months prior to the prescribed fire event. Results suggest that in the particular case of the studied site, Anjos, the observed soil properties alterations cannot be related with the prescribed fire.

Effects of prescribed fire on surface soil in a Pinus pinaster plantation, northern Portugal

In order to decrease the risk of severe wildfire, prescribed fire has recently been adopted in Portugal and elsewhere in the Mediterranean as a major tool for reducing the fuel load instead of manual or mechanical removal of vegetation. There has been some research into its impact on soils in shrublands and grasslands, but to date little research has been conducted in forested areas in the region. As a result, the impact of prescribed fire on the physico-chemical soil characteristics of forest soils has been assumed to be minimal, but this has not been demonstrated. In this study, we present the results of a monitoring campaign of a detailed pre- and post-prescribed fire assessment of soil properties in a long-unburnt P. pinaster plantation, NW Portugal. The soil characteristics examined were pH, total porosity, bulk density, moisture content, organic matter content and litter/ash quantity. The results show that there was no significant impact on the measured soil properties, the only effect being confined to minor changes in the upper 1 cm of soil. We conclude that provided the fire is carried out according to strict guidelines in P. pinaster forest, a minimal impact on soil properties can be expected.

Falsos amigos PT-SP en el lenguaje jurídico - una propuesta de clasificación

Comunicação apresentada nas Jornadas de Língua e Direito, organizadas pelo ISCAP e pela Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Outubro de 2013.

Neochelys sp. (Chelonii, Erymnochelyinae), from Silveirinha, early Eocene, Portugal

Constituted of isolated fragments with a smooth decoration, the turtle material from Silveirinha is examined in order to define its sure belonging to Neochelys, by comparison with other smooth turtles which may be present during the Palaeogene of Europe (freshwater Testudinidae, Erymnochelyinae, Bothremydidae). The elements are compared with the already known Neochelys species of the Eocene European localities. Questions are made about the possible geographical migrations of turtles between South and North during the early Eocene of western Europe. The phyletic relationships cannot be established but the species, seeming new and one of the more primitive as a whole (after the preserved elements), is the older from the Iberian Peninsula.

Sustainability Evaluation of Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp Grown in Brewery Wastewater

This study performs a sustainability evaluation of biodiesel from microalga Chlamydomonas sp. grown in 20 % (v/v) of brewery’s wastewater, blended with pentose sugars (xylose, arabinose or ribose resulting from the hydrolysis of brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The life cycle steps considered for the study are: microalgae cultivation, biomass processing and lipids extraction at the brewery site, and its conversion to biodiesel at a dedicated external biofuel’s plant. Three sustainability indicators (LCEE, FER and GW) were considered and calculated using experimental data. Literature data was used, whenever necessary, to complement life cycle data, thus allowing a more accurate sustainability evaluation. A comparative analysis of the biodiesel life cycle steps was also conducted, with the main goal of identifying which steps need to be improved. Results show that biomass processing, especially cell harvesting, microalgae cultivation, and lipids extraction are the main process bottlenecks. It is also analysed the influence on the microalgae biodiesel sustainability of adding each pentose sugar to the cultivation media, concluding that it strongly influences the biomass and lipid productivity. In particular, the addition of xylose is preferable in terms of lipid productivity, but from a sustainability point of view, ribose is the best, though the difference from xylose is not significant. Nevertheless, culture without pentose addition presents the best sustainability results.

Inoculation with Metal-Mobilizing Plant-GrowthPromoting Rhizobacterium Bacillus sp. SC2b and Its Role in Rhizoremediation

A plant growth-promoting bacterial (PGPB) strain SC2b was isolated from the rhizosphere of Sedum plumbizincicola grown in lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine soils and characterized as Bacillus sp. based on (1) morphological and biochemical characteristics and (2) partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing analysis. Strain SC2b exhibited high levels of resistance to cadmium (Cd) (300 mg/L), Zn (730 mg/L), and Pb (1400 mg/L). This strain also showed various plant growth-promoting (PGP) features such as utilization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, solubilization of phosphate, and production of indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore. The strain mobilized high concentration of heavy metals from soils and exhibited different biosorption capacity toward the tested metal ions. Strain SC2b was further assessed for PGP activity by phytagar assay with a model plant Brassica napus. Inoculation of SC2b increased the biomass and vigor index of B. napus. Considering such potential, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of inoculating the metal-resistant PGPB SC2b on growth and uptake of Cd, Zn and Pb by S. plumbizincicola in metal-contaminated agricultural soils. Inoculation with SC2b elevated the shoot and root biomass and leaf chlorophyll content of S. plumbizincicola. Similarly, plants inoculated with SC2b demonstrated markedly higher Cd and Zn accumulation in the root and shoot system, indicating that SC2b enhanced Cd and Zn uptake by S. plumbizincicola through metal mobilization or plant-microbial mediated changes in chemical or biological soil properties. Data demonstrated that the PGPB Bacillus sp. SC2b might serve as a future biofertilizer and an effective metal mobilizing bioinoculant for rhizoremediation of metal polluted soils.

Estudo dos flebótomos (Diptera, Phlebotominae), vectores de Leishmania sp. No Concelho de Torres Novas, Portugal

Estudo dos flebótomos (Diptera, Phlebotominae), vectores de Leishmania sp. no Concelho de Torres Novas, Portugal. Sofia Isabel Martins Branco PALAVRAS-CHAVE: flebótomos, bioecologia, Leishmania, Torres Novas, Portugal. Os flebótomos são insectos vectores de vários agentes patogénicos, dos quais se destacam os protozoários do Género Leishmania. Em Portugal, as leishmanioses, canina e humana, são causadas por L. infantum, sendo o cão o principal reservatório e Phlebotomus perniciosus e P. ariasi os vectores comprovados do parasita. São conhecidos três focos de doença, mas casos de leishmaniose canina têm sido reportados em outras regiões nas quais se desconhecem as espécies flebotomínicas presentes e respectivas taxas de infecção. Neste trabalho, efectuou-se a primeira prospecção flebotomínica no Concelho de Torres Novas, Distrito de Santarém, localizado na região Centro de Portugal. Os principais objectivos foram determinar a fauna flebotomínica do Concelho, os aspectos bioecológicos, as taxas de infecção por Leishmania e os factores de risco para a transmissão vectorial. De Junho a Novembro de 2010, 275 biótopos foram prospectados com armadilhas CDC. As capturas foram realizadas em 91 localidades, nas 17 freguesias do Concelho, e incluíram habitats domésticos, peridomésticos e silváticos. Os exemplares capturados foram identificados morfologicamente, as fêmeas utilizadas para detecção molecular de DNA de Leishmania e identificação das refeições sanguíneas. Análises de regressão simples e múltipla foram utilizadas para avaliação dos factores de risco para a presença das várias espécies flebotomínicas. Testes não paramétricos foram usados para comparar densidades. Dos 1262 flebótomos capturados, quatro espécies foram assinaladas com as seguintes abundâncias relativas: P. perniciosus 73,69%, P. ariasi 8,16%, P. sergenti 6,58% e Sergentomyia minuta 11,57%. Em 82% das localidades prospectadas foi detectada pelo menos uma espécie flebotomínica e em 71,4% destas foi capturada pelo menos uma das espécies comprovadamente vectoras de L. infantum. P. perniciosus foi assinalado em todas as 17 freguesias do Concelho. Os factores de risco identificados foram: temperaturas elevadas e humidades relativas baixas, locais abrigados e ausência de vento forte, presença de pinheiros como vegetação dominante, biótopos peridomésticos, particularmente currais de ovelhas e coelheiras, ou na proximidade de ovelhas, aves de capoeira e ninhos com andorinhas. A taxa de infecção flebotomínica por L. infantum foi de 4% para P. ariasi e de 0,32% para o total de fêmeas capturadas. A maioria das fêmeas para as quais se identificou a origem da refeição sanguínea pertencia a P. perniciosus. Esta espécie apresentou um comportamento oportunista, alimentando-se numa grande variedade de hospedeiros vertebrados. A elevada abundância e distribuição das espécies vectoras, juntamente com a seroprevalência de Leishmania nos cães do Distrito (5-10%), e a captura de uma fêmea grávida de P. ariasi (infectante), sugerem que o Concelho de Torres Novas é um foco de leishmaniose no país. A maior abundância relativa de P. sergenti, comparando com prospecções realizadas noutras áreas da região Centro de Portugal, sugere que este potencial vector esteja a expandir-se para latitudes mais elevadas, aumentando o risco de introdução de L. tropica no território, por contacto com imigrantes ou viajantes infectados de áreas endémicas. A monitorização flebotomínica, e dos hospedeiros vertebrados, deverá ser continuada no Concelho para que medidas eficazes de controlo possam ser definidas e implementadas.