999 resultados para Marçal, Maria Mercè, 1952-1998
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Serum- and/or- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 190 patients suffering from chronic, progressive neurological disease were screened for the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) antibodies over a six-year period (1996 to 2001) in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Patients were of both sexes (male subjects, 52%) with ages ranging from 2 to 79 years (mean, 35.9). Overall, 15 (7.9%) subjects - of whom 12 (80%) were female adults - reacted HTLV-I/II-seropositive when screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from 14 of these patients were also analyzed using a recombinant Western blot (WB) assay that yielded HTLV-I-, HTLV-II-, and HTLV-I/II- reactivities for 10 (71.4%), 3 (21.4%) and 1 (7.2%) of them, respectively. The yearly rates of HTLV-I/II antibodies ranged from 2.6% (2001) to 21.7% (2000), with progressively increasing seropositivities from 1998 to 2000. Altogether, walking difficulty (n = 5 subjects), spasticity (n = 4) and leg weakness (n = 3) accounted for 80% of symptoms recorded among the 15 patients whose sera had antibodies to HTLV-I/II as detected by ELISA. These findings provide evidence that both HTLV-I and HTLV-II play a role in the development of chronic myelopathy in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil.
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pp. 37-45
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pp. 47-57
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pp. 83-93
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Sobre Mulheres. As Mulheres na Sociedade e na Cultura
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Motivation: Auditing is not merely a collection of technical tasks but also a programmatic idea circulating in organizational environment, an idea which promises a certain style of control and organizational transparency (Power, 1998, p. 122) Performance appraisal within public organization aims to promote this organizational transparency and promote learning and improvement process both for employees and for the organization. However, we suggest that behind its clear intentions, there are some other goals tied to performance appraisal that could be seen as components of a discipline and surveillance systems to make the employee “knowable, calculable and administrative object” (Miller and Rose, 1990, p. 5). Objective: In Portuguese public organizations, performance appraisal follows the SIADAP (Performance Appraisal Systems for Public Administration). The objective of this study is to capture whatever employees of public organizations (appraisers and appraisee) perceived the performance appraisal system (SIADAP) as an appraisal model that promotes equity, learning and improvement or just as an instrument of control to which they feel dominated and watched over. Method: We developed an in-depth qualitative case study using semi-structured interviews with appraisers and their subordinates in the administrative department of a university institute of Medicine. The discourse of the participants was theoretically analyzed based on Foucauldian framework. Prior to qualitative data collection, we collected quantitative data, with a questionnaire, to measure the (un)satisfaction of employees with the all appraisal system. Findings: Although some key points of Foucault perspective were identified, its framework revealed some limitations to capture the all complexity of performance appraisal. Qualitative data revealed a significant tendency in discourses of appraisers and their subordinates considering SIADAP as an instrument that’s aims to introduced political rationalities and limits to the employer’s promotions within their careers. Contribution: This study brings a critical perspectives and new insights about performance appraisals in Portuguese’s public administrations. It is original contribution to management of human recourses in public administration and primary to audit of performance appraisal systems.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação, área de especialização em Análise e Intervenção em Educação
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História
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In many countries, the Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) Picornaviridae family is associated to hand, foot and mouth disease in addition to acute neurological diseases while in Brazil these viruses are more closely associated to the latter group. The aim of this research was to use the first EV-71 isolate of the Northern region of Brazil in molecular and seroepidemiologic studies. Two (2.2%) out of 88 stool samples (44 cases of AFP), collected from January 1998 to December 2000 were positive for EV-71 isolation (73442/PA/99). Nucleotide sequence of the gen that codifies the VP1 protein showed that isolate 73442/PA/99 was similar to the EV-71 strains belonging to genotype B - more closely identified with EV-71 from North America. Neutralization test with 389 sera samples collected from January 1998 to November 2001, from individuals ranging from 0 to 15 years of age living in the city of Belém, State of Pará showed the following results in relation to isolate 73442/PA/99 and prototype BrCr: a total of 207 individuals (53.2%) had neutralization antibodies to both viruses, 167 (42.9%) had no antibodies and 15 showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies to one of the two viruses. Only 20.2% of the children aged 0 to 3 had neutralizing antibodies to EV-71, indicating that these children were more susceptible to the infection. Both the seroprevalence study and VP1 sequencing were important to demonstrate the spread and the molecular pattern of the EV-71 circulating in the Northern Region of Brazil.
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is usually prevented in transplanted patients by prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (TMS). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to have a strong protective effect against PCP in rats. This effect is also suggested in humans by the absence of PCP in patients receiving MMF. After January 1998 MMF has been used with no TMS prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients. In azathioprine (AZA) treated patients TMS prophylaxis was maintained. The incidence of PCP was analyzed in both groups. Data were collected in order to have a minimum 6-month follow-up. Two hundred and seventy-two patients were eligible for analysis. No PCP occurred either in patients under MMF without TMS prophylaxis nor in patients under AZA. MMF may have an effective protective role against PCP as no patient under MMF, despite not receiving TMS coverage, developed PCP. A larger, controlled, trial is warranted to consolidate this information.
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A grande perplexidade e o grande mistério da civilização egípcia, para nós que aprendemos a olhar o mundo e a natureza à luz da nossa racionalidade, reside exactamente na diferente capacidade de entendimento que os egípcios demonstraram ao ler e sentir o seu espaço. Daí à interiorização das principais mensagens desse espaço foi um passo, o necessário para a constmção de uma grande civilização A civilização egípcia nasce, cresce e desenvolve-se protegida e "abençoada" por fronteiras naturais'. A Ocidente e a Oriente, dois desertos: o deserto líbio e o deserto arábico. A proximidade marcante destes desertos desenha, no espírito do homem egípcio, as imagens de morte, isolamento, solidão e silêncio. A noção de espaço dilata-se, perde os limites. E as vozes que o silêncio transporta, afirmam-se, bem fundo, no seu coração, para imediatamente se transfigurarem e personificarem numa entidade suprema, divina, Set. A natureza ganha forma, nome e assume o papel de interveniente activo no processo histórico.
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Twenty-two cases of nocardial infections were diagnosed in our city between 1977- 1998. All patients whose clinical specimens showed Nocardia spp. at Gram stain, which were further confirmed by culture, were selected to be included in the study. Data from patients who were cured were compared with those from patients who died by statistical tests using EPIINFO version 6.04 software. Six isolates were identified as Nocardia asteroides complex, one as Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto and other as Nocardia brasiliensis. We had 17 cases of lung nocardiosis, being one out of them also a systemic disease. Other four cases of systemic nocardiosis were diagnosed: nocardial brain abscesses (one); nocardiosis of the jejunum (one); multiple cutaneous abscesses (one); and a case of infective nocardial endocarditis of prosthetic aortic valve. One patient had a mycetoma by N. brasiliensis. Fifteen (68.2%) out of 22 patients were immunosuppressed, being most (93.3%) by high-doses corticotherapy. Mortality by nocardial infection was 41%; mortality of systemic nocardiosis was 60%. Nocardiosis has a bad prognosis in immunosuppressed patients and also in non-immunosuppressed patients if the diagnosis is delayed. We propose that the delay in diagnosis should be examined in larger series to document its influence in the prognosis of the disease.
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Na continuação de trabalhos sobre os objectos de civilização, nomeadamente o vestuário e a alimentação nos fins da Idade Média e no Renascimento, contribuímos com este artigo para o estudo da figura do rei mago Baltasar da Adoração dos Reis Magos do retábulo da Sé de Viseu (fig. 1). Neste painel, um dos catorze dos dezoito iniciais, hoje exposto no Museu de Grão Vasco, em Viseu, com data provável entre 1501 e 1506, encontramos, ao centro, um unicum iconográfico: Baltasar figurado por um índio do Brasil'. O retábulo, pouco referenciado no estrangeiro, foi atribuído a Vasco Fernandes, também chamado Grão Vasco, e colaboradores durante muito tempo. José Carios da Cmz Teixeira afirma na sua tese de doutoramento que o artista flamengo Francisco Henriques teria dirigido a obra de Viseu, porque revela grandes afinidades com o da Sé de Évora. Já Reynaldo dos Santos afirmara que "a influência mais frisante foi a de Francisco Henriques sobretudo no retábulo do altar- -mor da Sé de Viseu"2. Existem afinidades evidentes entre este retábulo e o da Sé de Évora, no entanto é necessária muita cautela na sua atribuição.
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Amante da Cidade, é a sua configuração do espaço através dos tempos que se impõe como desafio ou ainda, a marca indelével dos tempos na vivência do espaço. Transformá-la em linguagem é talvez redator. Mas a atracção a considerá-la como "um tecido", "uma escrita", acarreta e desafia a sua leitura. Desta leitura se poderá dizer que ela é tanto o discurso que sobre a cidade se tece, lendo, apreendendo, articulando os elementos arquitectónicos e a sua inserção no espaço urbano, a rede de vias, acessos, comunicações que no seu interior se estabelece, como também a própria deambulação no espaço urbano, feita de vivências, ritmos e paragens: hipóstases e êxtases, enfim, o conjunto de prádcas citadinas a que poderemos chamar globalmente actos de enunciação.
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Uma fronteira é um corte, um limite natural, imposto ou conquistado, uma mudança de domínio, de jurisdição, de cultura, de civilização. Alterar o traçado das fronteiras políticas é implicar com a consciência colectivá de um povo ou de uma nação e provocar conflitos regionais ou internacionais. Postos avançados do proteccionismo nacional tornaram-se lugares onde se fazem senúr, em primeira mão, os efeitos da integração das economias e da internacionalização das sociedades; passaram de "espaços separadores" para "espaços unificadores", reforçando, assim, a riqueza e a diversidade cultural. A estreita faixa longitudinal que consútui o território conúnental português, nas suas dimensões cartesianas, triparte-se pelas regiões de fronteira terrestre e marítima e pela área intermédia que as separa. Interessa-nos, no caso presente, a primeira que constitui um espaço periférico e de desenvolvimento retardado. A sua largura é função da intensidade dos efeitos de fronteira que não se ajustam à divisão administradva embora o conceito operadvo leve, muitas vezes, à adopção de unidades desta. No contexto da Geografia das Regiões de Fronteira, pretendemos reflecúr sobre a evolução destes espaços cuja aparente homogeneidade esconde uma grande diversidade de situações e de paisagens. Os factores de desenvolvimento privilegiados na actualidade podem reforçar o seu caracter de periferias desqualificadas mas proporcionam também oportunidades únicas que importa explorar e que advêm, nomeadamente, da integração territorial e da operacionalização de princípios de sustentabilidade, aplicados às questões do território