Fração de excreção de sódio, osmolaridade e densidade urinária em recém-nascidos prematuros alimentados com leite humano de banco adicionado de suplemento

Objective: This research was performed with the objective of investigating the renal effects on premature newborn infants of fortifying banked donor human milk. Methods: Clinical intervention trial, of the before-and-after type, involving 28 premature newborn infants split into two groups by postconceptional age at the start of the study: GI < 34 weeks (n = 14) and GII ≥ 34 weeks (n = 14), and assessed at three sample points: S1, on unfortified donor human milk, S2, after 3 days, and S3, after 10-13 days on fortified donor human milk. Nutrient intake, weight gain, fractional sodium excretion, urinary osmolality and specific density were compared with two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Results: Fluids, energy and sodium intakes were similar for both groups, and weight gain was satisfactory. Among the preterms with < 34 weeks postconceptional age, serum sodium was lower at the end of the study and the fractional sodium excretion was elevated at the start and at the end of the study (S1 = 2.11±1.05; S2 = 1.25±0.64; S3 = 1.62±0.88), with a significant difference in relation to GII (S1 = 1.34±0.94; S2 = 0.90±0.54; S3 = 0.91±0.82). Osmolality and urinary specific density were normal, with no differences between groups or collection dates. Conclusions: No adverse effects on the renal function of these preterms were detected as a result of being fed fortified donor human milk. Copyright © 2006 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Impacto humano afeta negativamente a dispersão de sementes de frutos ornitocóricos: Uma perspectiva global

Ornithochorous fruits make up an important part of the diet of birds and many studies have related the different morphological types of fruits with the choice by birds. We analyzed the intrinsic characteristics of plants and how human impact can affect this choice. Through analyses of covariance we related the degree of human pressure in each study site (high or low) and the morphological characteristics of 57 ornithochorous species with visiting rates and consumption of fruits by birds. We did not find any intrinsic plant characteristic (life form, size and type of diaspore) that explains the rates of consumption and visit by birds. On the other hand, the degree of human impact affected directly the mutualism between plants and birds. Plant species located in areas that suffer high human pressure had number of visits and consumption rates 3,3 and 3,5 lower than plants located in pristine areas, respectively. The negative consequences of the reduction of consumption of fruits in areas with high human pressures may directly affects the interactions between birds and plants and the regeneration of the ornithochorous species.

Políticas para la acumulación de capital humano en América Latina y el Caribe

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Los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio y los desafíos para América Latina y el Caribe para avanzar en mayor bienestar, mejor capital humano y más igualdad de oportunidades

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Formación de capital humano y el vínculo entre comercio y pobreza: los casos de Costa Rica y Nicaragua

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Formación de capital humano y el vínculo entre comercio y pobreza: los casos de Costa Rica y Nicaragua

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Protección del derecho humano al agua y arbitrajes de inversión

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Infancia en América Latina: Privaciones habitacionales y desarrollo de capital humano

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El derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento frente a los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM)

Prólogo de Alicia Bárcena

El desarrollo humano y los pueblos indígenas

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Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia: creación, desempeño y eliminación del Ministerio de Desarrollo Humano

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Colombia: desarrollo humano y la búsqueda de una descentralización con centro y sentido

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La medición del desarrollo humano: elementos de un debate

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México: capital humano e ingresos. Retornos a la educación, 1994-2005

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Caracterización del tercer sector en las políticas de formación de capital humano en Uruguay

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