Cadeia produtiva da mandioca no Amazonas.

Estudo realizado sobre a cadeia produtiva de mandioca em alguns município do Amazonas. A metodologia utilizada envolveu levantamento bibliográfico, aplicação de questionários e consultas pessoais a diversos seguimentos do ambiente organizacional e institucional e da própria cadeia produtiva. Com base no estudo, foi constatado que: a) o mandiocultor pratica uma agricultura itinerante, de baixo nivel tecnologico, e utilizacao da mesma area por, no maximo, dois anos; b) a farinha produzida no Estado nao e' suficiente para atendimento do mercado interno, sendo necessaria sua importacao (31%) de outros Estados; c) o principal produto da mandioca e' a raiz, tanto para a producao de farinha (mandioca brava ou mansa) como para o consumo direto (mandioca mansa ou macaxeira); d) o tucupi, a goma (fecula) e a farinha de mandioca sao os subprodutos mais utilizados; e) os canais de comercializacao dos produtos e subprodutos estao a mercer de sete intermediacoes, o que provoca desvios dos recursos que deveriam ser destinados ao mandiocultor; f) limitacoes estruturais e tecnologicas quanto a agroindustria (casa de farinha), estradas, eletrificacao etc.; g) carencia de credito rural, assitencia tecnica e pesquisa; e h) nao adocao das novas tecnologias disponiveis. Existe, pois, a necessidade de incrementacao de uma politica agricola regional para que o mandiocultor possa aumentar a producao, a produtividade, a qualidade do produto e subprodutos e da propria renda, o que resultaria, inevitavelmente, na fixacao do homem no campo

Exercise training can induce cardiac autophagy at end-stage chronic conditions: Insights from a graft-versus-host-disease mouse model

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a frequent cause of morbimortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and severely compromises patients' physical capacity. Despite the aggressive nature of the disease, aerobic exercise training can positively impact survival as well as clinical and functional parameters. We analyzed potential mechanisms underlying the recently reported cardiac function improvement in an exercise-trained cGVHD murine model receiving lethal total body irradiation and immunosuppressant treatment (Fiuza-Luces et al., 2013. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45, 1703-1711). We hypothesized that a cellular quality-control mechanism that is receiving growing attention in biomedicine, autophagy, was involved in such improvement. Our results suggest that exercise training elicits a positive autophagic adaptation in the myocardium that may help preserve cardiac function even at the end-stage of a devastating disease like cGVHD. These preliminary findings might provide new insights into the cardiac exercise benefits in chronic/debilitating conditions.

Phenotype consequences of myophosphorylase dysfunction: insights from the McArdle mouse model

McArdle disease, caused by inherited deficiency of the enzyme muscle glycogen phosphorylase (GP-MM), is arguably the paradigm of exercise intolerance. The recent knock-in (p.R50X/p.R50X) mouse disease model allows an investigation of the phenotypic consequences of muscle glycogen unavailability and the physiopathology of exercise intolerance. We analysed, in 2-month-old mice [wild-type (wt/wt), heterozygous (p.R50X/wt) and p.R50X/p.R50X)], maximal endurance exercise capacity and the molecular consequences of an absence of GP-MM in the main glycogen metabolism regulatory enzymes: glycogen synthase, glycogen branching enzyme and glycogen debranching enzyme, as well as glycogen content in slow-twitch (soleus), intermediate (gastrocnemius) and glycolytic/fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus; EDL) muscles.

McArdle disease: a unique study model in sports medicine

McArdle disease is arguably the paradigm of exercise intolerance in humans. This disorder is caused by inherited deficiency of myophosphorylase, the enzyme isoform that initiates glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscles. Because patients are unable to obtain energy from their muscle glycogen stores, this disease provides an interesting model of study for exercise physiologists, allowing insight to be gained into the understanding of glycogen-dependent muscle functions. Of special interest in the field of muscle physiology and sports medicine are also some specific (if not unique) characteristics of this disorder, such as the so-called 'second wind' phenomenon, the frequent exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria episodes suffered by patients (with muscle damage also occurring under basal conditions), or the early appearance of fatigue and contractures, among others. In this article we review the main pathophysiological features of this disorder leading to exercise intolerance as well as the currently available therapeutic possibilities.

Rodent models for resolving extremes of exercise and health

The extremes of exercise capacity and health are considered a complex interplay between genes and the environment. In general, the study of animal models has proven critical for deep mechanistic exploration that provides guidance for focused and hypothesis driven discovery in humans. Hypotheses underlying molecular mechanisms of disease, and gene/tissue function can be tested in rodents in order to generate sufficient evidence to resolve and progress our understanding of human biology. Here we provide examples of three alternative uses of rodent models that have been applied successfully to advance knowledge that bridges our understanding of the connection between exercise capacity and health status. Firstly we review the strong association between exercise capacity and all-cause morbidity and mortality in humans through artificial selection on low and high exercise performance in the rat and the consequent generation of the "energy transfer hypothesis". Secondly we review specific transgenic and knock-out mouse models that replicate the human disease condition and performance. This includes human glycogen storage diseases (McArdle and Pompe) and α-actinin-3 deficiency. Together these rodent models provide an overview of the advancements of molecular knowledge required for clinical translation. Continued study of these models in conjunction with human association studies will be critical to resolving the complex gene-environment interplay linking exercise capacity, health, and disease.

El sociograma como instrumento de evaluación del clima de aula

La comprensión y el estudio de las relaciones entre el alumnado en las aulas es fundamental, tanto para lograr una satisfactoria convivencia escolar como para evitar la violencia, el acoso escolar o bullying. Por ello es conveniente conocer la estructura informal de los alumnos dentro de la clase, identificando los grupos que se forman y sus dinámicas de exclusión y liderazgo. Para poder intervenir en un grupo social, el educador debe conocer a fondo las relaciones sociales que en él fluyen. En esta investigación, se describen las relaciones que hay en una clase de 6º de primaria del colegio Cardenal Ilundain, mostrando los diferentes grupos y subgrupos que existen en el aula y señalando qué sujetos ejercen el rol de líder y cuáles son rechazados. Para ello se ha elaborado un test sociométrico que nos permite conocer las relaciones, jerárquicas o no, del grupo-clase y realizar una serie de sociogramas que proporcionan una visión de las relaciones entre compañeros y muestran tanto el nivel de integración de cada alumno/a como los contextos en los que se relacionan. En el diseño del sociograma se han tenido en cuenta los resultados de algunas investigaciones sobre este tema, principalmente las investigaciones de Jacob Levy Moreno creador del sociograma

Microdontia e opções de Tratamento

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

Matriz de colagénio suíno no recobrimento radicular

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

Asesoría en diseño gráfico : cadena productiva de sericultura (Cauca) - Cadena productiva del mimbre (Tolima).

18 hojas : Ilustraciones a color.

Estructuración de la cadena productiva de tejidos chinchorros y hamacas departamento de la Guajira : informe de actividades y productos.

172 hojas.

Cuaderno de diseño de las asesorías realizadas en el departamento del Meta.

110 hojas : ilustraciones.

Continuación de la asesoría en rescate, desarrollo de nuevos productos con carácter utilitario. Plan para el mejoramiento del sistema de quema. Desarrollo y edición de la etiqueta empaque y sistema de embalaje.

60 hojas.

Asesoría de diseño en producción, mejoramiento y desarrollo de nuevos productos para los municipios La Unión, Genóva, San Pablo, Consacá, Sapuyes, Ancuya, Sandoná, La Florida y Linares en los oficios de sombrerería y tejeduría en Iraca (paja toquilla).

132 hojas : ilustraciones a color.

[Segunda etapa del taller de asistencia técnica para el desarrollo de nuevos procesos tecnológicos – Expertos de la Misión China]. Desarrollo de nuevos productos Boyacá - Ráquira.

[54] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Asesoría en empaque para los productos del grupo duitamense de macramé.

[96] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.