De patronato agrícola à Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Castanhal: o que a história do currículo revela sobre as mudanças e permanências no currículo de uma instituição de ensino técnico?

Este estudo insere-se no campo da História do Currículo e tem como objetivo central pesquisar as mudanças e permanências curriculares identificadas em decorrência das diferentes prescrições oficiais que foram implementadas na instituição, atualmente denominada de Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Castanhal, desde sua criação em 1/12/1921, como Patronato Agrícola Manoel Barata, até as recentes reformas implantadas pela LDB n° 9394/1996. Para coleta de dados sobre a História do Currículo desta instituição fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental nos arquivos da instituição, no Arquivo Público do Estado do Pará e no Setor de Obras Raras do CENTUR Esta coleta de dados foi realizada para selecionar documentos e fontes iconográficas sobre a instituição, referente ao período pesquisado. A pesquisa bibliográfica subsidiou a caracterização e os eventos que ocorreram na sociedade brasileira e paraense do período pesquisado (1921-1996). Após este levantamento de dados, a análise por nós desenvolvida seguiu três eixos de investigação: primeiramente buscou-se desvelar as condições sócio-político-econômicas vividas pelo Brasil e pelo Estado do Pará durante a República até a década de 1990; em seguida identificaram-se as políticas que foram estabelecidas para o ensino agrícola, para finalmente delimitar quais as influências desta realidade mais ampla no currículo oficial adotado pela EAFC-P A . A partir das análises feitas nos currículos prescritos adotados na instituição, conclui-se que, ao longo de sua existência, a EAFC-P A, como instituição oficial de ensino profissional na área agropecuária, vem adotando estes modelos curriculares para atender imperativos sóciopolíticos, econômicos de cada época.

Um estudo crítico das psicoterapias fenomenológico - existenciais: terapia centrada na pessoa e gestalt-terapia

Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa teórica que objetiva desenvolver reflexões críticas sobre as bases epistemológicas da terapia centrada na pessoa e da gestaltterapia, configuradas nas matrizes conceituais elaboradas por Carl Rogers e por Frederick Perls. Analisa algumas reconfigurações teóricas dessas psicoterapias propostas por autores brasileiros a partir da articulação com determinados conceitos da fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger. As teorias psicoterápicas, de um modo geral, ainda mantêm uma concepção de sujeito abstrato e descontextualizado historicamente. O mundo hoje nos coloca diante de grandes desafios, em que são necessárias novas formas de compreensão da existência humana e um fazer clínico que dê suporte aos sofrimentos do homem contemporâneo. O percurso metodológico utilizado no estudo constou de: 1. Seleção de textos clássicos para compor as matrizes epistemológicas das psicoterapias centrada na pessoa e gestáltica; 2. Triagem de material produzido por autores que apresentam análise crítica referente ao tema; 3. Sistematização de categorias conceituais da matriz das respectivas psicoterapias; 4. Análise e discussão de alguns temas presentes em publicações nacionais que indicam pontos de re-configurações das matrizes. Dentre os indicativos apontados pelos autores investigados, foi possível destacar: a necessidade de incluir na teoria centrada na pessoa, o estranho, à falta, como condição de possibilidade da existência; superação do conceito de essência, na teoria gestáltica; ressonâncias da concepção heideggeriana de angústia para a prática clínica, já que esta não é concebida enquanto um sintoma psicopatológico a ser extinto ou um distúrbio funcional; assim como dos conceitos de abertura e cuidado, que possibilita pensar a função terapêutica como a de ajudar o cliente a interpretar-se a si mesmo, devolvendo-o ao seu próprio cuidado de maneira mais livre e responsável. Concluímos que, apesar da necessidade de mais estudos a respeito do tema, já há na atualidade um movimento por parte de alguns psicólogos em lançar um olhar contemporâneo sobre a terapia centrada na pessoa e gestáltica, afastando-se de uma concepção essencialista de sujeito e de uma subjetividade enclausurada.

A Seleção Brasileira de Futebol nos jogos da Copa do Mundo entre 1930 e 1958: o esporte como um dos símbolos de identidade nacional

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Financiamento da Educação Superior no Pará: uma análise dos cursos de contrato na Universidade Federal do Pará no período de 2000 a 2008

Esse estudo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou os contratos estabelecidos, no período de 2000 a 2008, entre a Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e prefeituras do interior do estado do Pará, para a oferta de cursos de licenciatura plena, financiado com os recursos do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (FUNDEF), para os professores das redes municipais de ensino. Para compreender essa problemática, elaboramos os seguintes questionamentos: Como está estruturada a política de financiamento implementada pelo governo federal, para as IFES, ao longo desse período, e quais são as suas relações com a reforma do Estado e da Educação Superior, no país? Qual a política de financiamento do processo de interiorização da Universidade Federal do Pará e qual a sua relação com a política de oferta de cursos de contrato? Qual o montante dos recursos públicos municipais provenientes dos contratos celebrados entre Universidade Federal do Pará e as prefeituras do interior do estado, no período destacado? Como foram aplicados os recursos advindos dos contratos celebrados entre a Universidade Federal do Pará e as prefeituras do interior do estado?Adotamos como metodologia a abordagem quanti-qualitativa e utilizamos dados documentais. Como resultado, percebemos que, a Reforma do Estado, resultante da crise financeira do capital, implicou em reconfigurações do papel do Estado na educação, especialmente no que tange à legislação da educação superior e à política de financiamento para esse nível de ensino. Por isso, a universidade pública brasileira vive uma crise institucional, que se manifesta, especialmente, na estagnação orçamentária dos recursos do Governo Federal para sua manutenção. Os recursos disponibilizados pelo fundo público federal para custearem as despesas com Educação Superior não têm dado conta da crescente demanda de jovens que buscam esse nível de ensino. Ficou evidenciado na pesquisa que os cursos de contrato são uma estratégia de qualificação de profissionais locais com complementação de recursos para manutenção dos campi do interior e para complementação salarial dos professores que atuam nesses cursos.

Simulação computacional no auxílio à tomada de decisão nos processos industriais: utilizando a ferramenta Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 9.0

Atualmente existem inúmeros processos produtivos automatizados, os quais vêm se tornando cada vez mais complexos em função das necessidades do mundo moderno e, portanto, demandam nas fases de projetos e de implementação ferramentas de engenharia cada vez mais poderosas para modelá-los e analisá-los da maneira mais eficiente possível. Nesse ambiente de crescente pressão por resultados positivos, racionalização e aprimoramento de recursos internos, que a ferramenta computacional Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 9.0, surge como um caminho para a obtenção de competitividade produtiva. Ressaltando ainda que, o estudo proposto é de grande relevância para os profissionais da gestão produtiva, os quais almejam resultados que minimizem custos e maximizem lucros.

O Conselho Municipal do Idoso de Belém e a participação: reflexões críticas

Este trabalho parte da compreensão de que o envelhecimento deve ser reconhecido enquanto processo social contínuo de transformação do ser humano, e construção social que depende da estrutura social, cultural e econômica de cada povo, considerando a realidade da Política Nacional do Idoso e do Estatuto do Idoso no Brasil, e a diretriz da participação nas políticas sociais. Como a participação se desenvolve no espaço público do conselho do idoso, o lócus da pesquisa foi o Conselho Municipal do Idoso de Belém. Para verificar como os membros do Conselho exercitam a participação voltada para o controle social, foi realizada uma análise documental do Conselho no período de 2006 a 2010. Nela pôde ser constatada uma fragilidade na documentação existente do Conselho, particularmente no registro das atas que informam acerca das deliberações e da ausência de registros das ações sobre visitas às entidades e da organização da Conferência Municipal. A análise documental revela que as ações desenvolvidas pelo Conselho Municipal do Idoso divergem do previsto na política pública quanto ao papel do Conselho. Logo, não podem ser consideradas como exercício de controle social, uma vez que a participação dos membros do Conselho é restrita, e não influencia na política municipal de stinada ao idoso.

Território, política e infraestruturas: a influência do governo federal na política urbana dos municípios brasileiros

The evolution of Brazilian federalism (result of the influence and power of oligarchic elites, the different constitutional texts made and policies designed to collect taxes) shows one of the forms of how the Brazilian government uses the territory to effect the exercise of power. In the country, this use takes place by the imposition of rules that regulate and create tension among the entities, and mechanisms of distribution and redistribution of resources among federal agencies acquire great importance because they allow a bigger or lesser autonomy in public administration. The text aims to analyze the voluntary transfers of resources from the Federal Government to the municipalities. These Covenants act as a mechanism that can be configured in promoter of new selectivity and hierarchies between places. With the aim to understand the materialization of public resources in the territory, our analysis intends to identify how the Brazilian government makes use of constitutional mechanisms to enlarge and improve the urban infrastructure in the municipal scale.

Informação orgânica como insumo estratégico para a tomada de decisão em ambientes competitivos: estudo nas empresas do setor varejista situadas na cidade de Marília/SP

The focus of this research is centered on organic information production, sharingand use on the enterprise decision making process. The information on the present economy becomes value source for organizations. The organic information is produced on the organization s internal environment been a product of the activities made by execution its functions. Knowing the elements that involve this process gives a great help to managers once the decision making process is permeated by conflicts and different perceptions. Therefore, the organic information can reduce these conflicts on organizational contexts, because it reduces the uncertainness, propitiates more security and more trustworthiness to the decision making process, besides it gives dynamism to people s time involved on the process. The investigated universe was composed by the companies affiliated to Construnova Net, from construction material segment, located at Marilia Region s cities, Sao Paulo State, because it is an important segment which influences the local and regional economy. The methodological proceedings used are based on the qualitative approach which method is related to descriptive and exploratory research. As data collecting instruments were elaborated a structured questionnaire with closed questions and an interview s syllabus which contents are related to the research s aims. As analysis proceedings for the collected data and also to consider the qualitative approach it was chosen the Contents Analysis method from Bardin and more specifically the Categorical Analysis . Consequently, we conclude that it is deficient in production of organic information, or to produce documents that prove and control the activities that are developed within the organization is not satisfactory. The decision usually is not subsidized by organic information. Accordingly the study points out the deficiency of the perception of the importance of the organic type information as an aid to decision making and al

Os efeitos dos programas de desenvolvimento rural para o apoio à agricultura familiar no Noroeste Paulista: limites, desafios e perspectivas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Retrospective study of 32 encephalic tumors diagnosed by advanced - image magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography

The incidence of encephalic tumors in dogs and cats has increased in recent years due to the constant advancement of methods of specialist Diagnostic Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT), used in small animals. These tools, which were distant in the past, are now becoming increasingly important as an additional aid to the identification of tumor processes in the Central Nervous System. The objective, of the present study, was describe imaging findings obtained in 32 cases of encephalic tumors, through techniques of CT and MR imaging procedures during the years 2004 to 2011. Were diagnosed 19/32 by MRI and 13/32 by CT, being the most affected breed Boxer (9/32), the mean age was 10 years.

A tempestividade da prestação da tutela jurisdicional como requisito essencial à efetividade do direito

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Regulating State Aid: Inter-jurisdictional competition, public choice, and corporate governance

Depending on the regulatory regime they are subject to, governments may or may not be allowed to hand out state aid to private firms. The economic justification for state aid can address several issues present in the competition for capital and the competition for transfers from the state. First, there are principal-agent problems involved at several stages. Self-interested politicians might enter state aid deals that are the result of extensive rent-seeking activities of organized interest groups. Thus the institutional design of political systems will have an effect on the propensity of a jurisdiction to award state aid. Secondly, fierce competition for firm locations can lead to over-spending. This effect is stronger if the politicians do not take into account the entirety of the costs created by their participation in the firm location race. Thirdly, state aid deals can be incomplete and not in the interest of the citizens. This applies if there are no sanctions if firms do not meet their obligations from receiving aid, such as creating a certain number of jobs or not relocating again for a certain amount of time. The separation of ownership and control in modern corporations leads to principal-agent problems on the side of the aid recipient as well. Managers might receive personal benefits from subsidies, the use of which is sometimes less monitored than private finance. This can eventually be to the detriment of the shareholders. Overall, it can be concluded that state aid control should also serve the purpose of regulating the contracting between governments and firms. An extended mandate for supervision by the European Commission could include requirements to disincentive the misuse of state aid. The Commission should also focus on the corporate governance regime in place in the jurisdiction that awards the aid as well as in the recipient firm.

Clinical trials in head injury

Secondary brain damage, following severe head injury is considered to be a major cause for bad outcome. Impressive reductions of the extent of brain damage in experimental studies have raised high expectations for cerebral neuroprotective treatment, in the clinic. Therefore multiple compounds were and are being evaluated in trials. In this review we discuss the pathomechanisms of traumatic brain damage, based upon their clinical importance. The role of hypothermia, mannitol, barbiturates, steroids, free radical scavengers, arachidonic acid inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, and potassium channel blockers, will be discussed. The importance of a uniform strategic approach for evaluation of potentially interesting new compounds in clinical trials, to ameliorate outcome in patients with severe head injury, is proposed. To achieve this goal, two nonprofit organizations were founded: the European Brain Injury Consortium (EBIC) and the American Brain Injury Consortium (ABIC). Their aim lies in conducting better clinical trials, which incorporate lessons learned from previous trials, such that the succession of negative, or incomplete studies, as performed in previous years, will cease.

Razor Thin Win: The 1972 Constitution Ballot, Campaign, Ratification & the Courts -- Mae Nan (Robinson) Ellingson & Mick McKeon “In the Crucible of Change”

Beyond the challenge of crafting a new state Constitution that empowered the people and modernized and opened up state and local government in Montana, the Constitutional Convention delegates, as they signed the final document, looked forward to the arduous task of getting it ratified by the electorate in a short ten week period between the end of the convention on March 24 and the ratification election of June 6, 1972. While all 100 delegates signed the draft Constitution, not all supported its adoption. But the planning about how to get it adopted went back to the actions of the Convention itself, which carefully crafted a ballot that kept “hot political issues” from potentially killing the entire document at the polls. As a result, three side issues were presented to the electorate on the ballot. People could vote for or against those side issues and still vote to ratify the entire document. Thus, the questions of legalizing gambling, having a unicameral legislature and retaining the death penalty were placed separately on the ballot (gambling passed, as did the retention of the death penalty, but the concept of a one-house legislature was defeated). Once the ballot structure was set, delegates who supported the new Constitution organized a grassroots, locally focused effort to secure ratification – thought hampered by a MT Supreme Court decision on April 28 that they could not expend $45,000 in public monies that they had set aside for voter education. They cobbled together about $10,000 of private money and did battle with the established political forces, led by the MT Farm Bureau, MT Stockgrowers’ Assn. and MT Contractors Assn., on the question of passage. Narrow passage of the main document led to an issue over certification and a Montana Supreme Court case challenging the ratification vote. After a 3-2 State Supreme Court victory, supporters of the Constitution then had to defend the election results again before the federal courts, also a successful effort. Montana finally had a new progressive State Constitution that empowered the people, but the path to it was not clear and simple and the win was razor thin. The story of that razor thin win is discussed in this chapter by the two youngest delegates to the 1972 Constitutional Convention, Mae Nan Ellingson of Missoula and Mick McKeon, then of Anaconda. Both recognized “Super Lawyers in their later professional practices were also significant players in the Constitutional Convention itself and actively participated in its campaign for ratification. As such, their recollections of the effort provide an insider’s perspective of the struggle to change Montana for the better through the creation and adoption of a new progressive state Constitution “In the Crucible of Change.” Mae Nan (Robinson) Ellingson was born Mae Nan Windham in Mineral Wells, TX and graduated from Mineral Wells High School in 1965 and Weatherford College in Weatherford, TX in 1967. Mae Nan was the youngest delegate at the 1972 Convention from Missoula. She moved to Missoula in 1967 and received her BA in Political Science with Honors from the University of MT in 1970. She was a young widow known by her late husband’s surname of Robinson while attending UM graduate school under the tutelage of noted Professor Ellis Waldron when he persuaded her to run for the Constitutional Convention. Coming in a surprising second in the delegate competition in Missoula County she was named one of the Convention’s “Ten Outstanding Constitutional Convention Delegates,” an impressive feat at such a young age. She was 24 at the time, the youngest person to serve at the ConCon, and one of 19 women out of 100 delegates. In the decade before the Convention, there were never more than three women Legislators in any session, usually one or two. She was a member of the American Association of University Women, a Pi Sigma Alpha political science honorary, and a Phi Alpha Theta historical honorary. At the Convention, she led proposals for the state's bill of rights, particularly related to equal rights for women. For years, Ellingson kept a copy of the preamble to the Constitution hanging in her office; while all the delegates had a chance to vote on the wording, she and delegate Bob Campbell are credited with the language in the preamble. During the convention, she had an opportunity that opened the door to her later career as an attorney. A convention delegate suggested to her that she should go to law school. Several offered to help, but at the time she couldn't go to school. Her mom had died in Texas, and she ended up with a younger brother and sister to raise in Missoula. She got a job teaching, but about a year later, intrigued with the idea of pursuing the law as a career, she called the man back to ask about the offer. Eventually another delegate, Dave Drum of Billings, sponsored her tuition at the UM School of Law. After receiving her JD with Honors (including the Law Review and Moot Court) from the UM Law School Ellingson worked for the Missoula city attorney's office for six years (1977-83), and she took on landmark projects. During her tenure, Missoula became the first city to issue open space bonds, a project that introduced her to Dorsey & Whitney. The city secured its first easement on Mount Sentinel, and it created the trail along the riverfront with a mix of playing fields and natural vegetation. She also helped develop a sign ordinance for the city of Missoula. She ended up working as bond counsel for Dorsey & Whitney, and she opened up the firm's full-fledged Missoula office after commuting a couple of years to its Great Falls office. She was a partner at Dorsey Whitney, working there from 1983 until her retirement in 2012. The area of law she practiced there is a narrow specialty - it requires knowledge of constitutional law, state and local government law, and a slice of federal tax law - but for Ellingson it meant working on great public projects – schools, sewer systems, libraries, swimming pools, ire trucks. At the state level, she helped form the Montana Municipal Insurance Authority, a pooled insurance group for cities. She's shaped MT’s tax increment law, and she was a fixture in the MT Legislature when they were debating equal rights. As a bond lawyer, though, Ellingson considers her most important work for the state to be setting up the Intercap Program that allowed local governments to borrow money from the state at a low interest rate. She has been a frequent speaker at the League of Cities and Towns, the Montana Association of Counties, and the Rural Water Users Association workshops on topics related to municipal finance, as well as workshops sponsored by the DNRC, the Water and Sewer Agencies Coordination Team, and the Montana State University Local Government Center. In 2002, she received an outstanding service award from the Montana Rural Water Users Association. In addition to being considered an expert on Montana state and constitutional law, local government law and local government finance, she is a frequent teacher at the National Association of Bond Lawyers (NABL) Fundamentals of Municipal Bond Law Seminar and the NABL Bond Attorney’s Workshop. For over 30 years Mae Nan has participated in the drafting of legislation in Montana for state and local finance matters. She has served on the Board of Directors of NABL, as Chairman of its Education Committee, was elected as an initial fellow in 1995 to the American College of Bond Counsel, and was recognized as a Super Lawyer in the Rocky Mountain West. Mae Nan was admitted to practice before the MT and US Supreme Courts, was named one of “America’s Leading Business Lawyers” by Chambers USA (Rank 1), a Mountain States Super Lawyer in 2007 and is listed in Best Lawyers in America; she is a member and former Board Member of NABL, a Fellow of the American College of Bond Counsel and a member of the Board of Visitors of the UM Law School. Mae Nan is also a philanthropist who serves on boards and applies her intelligence to many organizations, such as the Missoula Art Museum. [Much of this biography was drawn from a retirement story in the Missoulian and the Dorsey Whitney web site.] Mick McKeon, born in Anaconda in 1946, is a 4th generation Montanan whose family roots in this state go back to the 1870’s. In 1968 he graduated from Notre Dame with a BA in Communications and received a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Montana Law School in 1971. Right after graduating from law school, Mick was persuaded by his father, longtime State Senator Luke McKeon, and his uncle, Phillips County Attorney Willis McKeon, to run for delegate to Montana’s Constitutional Convention and was elected to represent Deer Lodge, Philipsburg, Powell, and part of Missoula Counties. Along with a coalition of delegates from Butte and Anaconda, he fought through the new Constitution to eliminate the legal strangle hold, often called “the copper collar,” that corporate interests -- the Anaconda Company and its business & political allies -- had over state government for nearly 100 years. The New York Times called Montana’s Constitutional Convention a “prairie revolution.” After helping secure the ratification of the new Constitution, Mick began his practice of law in Anaconda where he engaged in general practice for nearly 20 years. Moving to Butte in 1991, Mick focused has practice in personal injury law, representing victims of negligence and corporate wrongdoing in both Montana district courts and federal court. As such, he participated in some of the largest cases in the history of the state. In 1992 he and his then law partner Rick Anderson obtained a federal court verdict of $11.5 million -- the largest verdict in MT for many years. Mick’s efforts on behalf of injured victims have been recognized by many legal organizations and societies. Recently, Mick was invited to become a member of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers - 600 of the top lawyers in the world. Rated as an American Super Lawyer, he has continuously been named one of the Best Lawyers in America, and an International Assn. of Trial Lawyers top 100 Trial Lawyer. In 2005, he was placed as one of Montana’s top 4 Plaintiff’s lawyers by Law Dragon. Mick is certified as a civil trial specialist by the National Board of Trial Advocacy and has the highest rating possible from Martindale-Hubble. Mick was awarded the Montana Trial Lawyers Public Service Award and provided pro bono assistance to needy clients for his entire career. Mick’s law practice, which he now shares with his son Michael, is limited to representing individuals who have been injured in accidents, concentrating on cases against insurance companies, corporations, medical providers and hospitals. Mick resides in Butte with his wife Carol, a Butte native. Mick, Carol, Michael and another son, Matthew, who graduated from Dartmouth College and was recently admitted to the Montana bar, enjoy as much of their time together in Butte and at their place on Flathead Lake.

Gender - an Issue for German Welfare Organisation

During the last months and years the English expression 'gender' has become a well-known word all over Germany, often with the annex 'mainstreaming'. Gender mainstreaming was initiated as a political strategy by the Women's World Conference in Beijing in 1995 and adopted by the European Union in 1997 (COM(96)76 final). It basically means that all actions and initiatives planned have to be tested as to their effects on women and men and should not be taken if they disadvantage either one. But gender is also a category in the discussion about democratic features. Gender democracy means that males and females should be represented equally in the public, political, cultural, social and economic sphere of a society. On this background, this paper traces the gender issue in the field of organizations in the social sector of Germany, in particular the 'welfare organizations'. In this article, 'welfare organizations' is used as a translation of the German word 'Wohlfahrtsverbände'. The reason for this choice is the endeavor to indicate their difference from for instance English 'charitable associations' or French 'associations sociale et sanitaire', because social organizations in the EU-member states differ considerably in regard to their history, function, self-image , financing, political power etc.. The terms 'social non-governmental organizations' (NGOs) or 'social nonprofit organizations' (NPOs ) are used synonymously.