796 resultados para Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação Básica nas Escolas do Campo


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Esta dissertação pretende examinar a estrutura jurídica (ponto de partida) do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB), que foi adotada com o intuito de promover a melhoria da educação por meio do financiamento entre entes federativos (ponto de chegada). Para tanto, utilizamos como arcabouço teórico a literatura de Direito e Desenvolvimento, que ressalta a relevância de desenhos jurídicos específicos apresentarem-se como instrumentos para assegurar o cumprimento de direitos fundamentais (SCHAPIRO e TRUBEK, 2012), o trabalho de Bucci sobre políticas públicas (BUCCI, 2006a, 2006b, 2013, 2015) e as discussões de Sen sobre desenvolvimento (SEN, 2000). Para aferir como o FUNDEB foi implementado pelo arcabouço institucional, utilizamos como recorte metodológico a análise dos diplomas normativos relativos a essa política e das decisões proferidas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), afetas ao cálculo e repasse dos recursos de complementação federal, que se destinam aos entes que não possuem condições de atender às determinações da Lei do Fundo. Mais precisamente, selecionamos decisões sobre o prazo para ajustar os valores de complementação federal e acerca da constitucionalidade da Lei do Piso do Magistério, que também exige complementação federal nos termos do FUNDEB. A partir das decisões, constatamos que as interpretações conferidas pelos órgãos judiciais permitiram maior discricionariedade à União para dispor sobre as regras para complementação federal, além de conceder maior prazo para proceder aos ajustes. Concluímos que as questões jurídicas apresentadas nas decisões evidenciam ambiguidades ou lacunas no desenho jurídico da política pública do FUNDEB, o que pode gerar certo grau de imprevisibilidade nas condições para sua implementação prática que podem, por sua vez, frustrar, parcial ou totalmente, os objetivos almejados pela política pública.

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O item não apresenta o texto completo, para aquisição do livro na íntegra você poderá acessar a Editora da UFSCar por meio do link: www.editora.ufscar.br

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A formação de professores à luz do “processo de Bolonha” reequaciona a função do ensino superior, o papel conferido aos docentes e devolve aos alunos a responsabilização pelos processos de aprendizagem e pelo desenvolvimento de competências, valoriza a envolvência dos alunos em projectos de formação contextualizada, dando ainda oportunidade à construção de experiências significativas. A concretização destes propósitos leva-nos a desenvolver práticas convergentes com o modelo pedagógico do Movimento da Escola Moderna assente num projecto democrático de autoformação cooperada na gestão de conteúdos, actividades, materiais, tempos e espaços. Nesta comunicação vamos reflectir uma experiência prática que decorreu entre Outubro de 2007 e Janeiro de 2008, inserida em duas unidades curriculares dos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação de Infância e Licenciatura e do Educação Básica, da Universidade da Madeira, tentando avaliar os ganhos e as dificuldades obtidas nesse trabalho.

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Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados do estudo sobre a prática pedagógica em uma classe multisseriada do programa escola ativa. A mesma tem como objetivo identificar a existência de práticas pedagógicas inovadoras na sala de aula do referido programa. Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico, de abordagem qualitativa, o qual nos possibilitou a análise da realidade concreta, por meio da análise da documentação, observação do cotidiano da sala de aula e entrevistas. As relações que ocorreram no âmbito da escola, a análise dos fatos ocorridos e do discurso dos sujeitos se constituiu de grande importância para esta pesquisa. O campo de observação da pesquisa e coleta dos dados aconteceu na Escola Municipal Ernesto Geisel na Agrovila da Barragem no município de Lagoa do Carro, em Pernambuco. Participaram deste estudo, uma classe multisseriada do programa escola ativa composta por dezessete estudantes e uma professora. As aulas aconteciam à tarde. Os alunos cursavam o 4º e 5º ano do ensino fundamental da educação básica. Utilizaram-se, como procedimentos para coleta dos dados para o registro da prática pedagógica, relatórios e anotações em diários. Por se constituir uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, no decorrer do trabalho de campo, foi possível e necessária à flexibilização, alterações e ajustes (no decorrer do processo), haja vista a necessidade de alcançar os objetivos pretendidos. O estudo sinalizou para a necessidade de novas reflexões sobre a inovação nas práticas pedagógicas do programa escola ativa e educação do campo, pois se concluiu que, diferentemente daquilo que é descrito nos documentos oficiais, ela não está ocorrendo na prática, sendo necessária a ruptura com o sistema arcaico e tradicional de ensino e aprendizagem.

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Esta tese resulta de uma investigação desenvolvida com um grupo de professores que adota o livro didático Química & Sociedade (Q&S) em uma escola pública de Ensino Médio em Brasília, no Distrito Federal, há mais de dez anos; com os estudantes e seus responsáveis. O objetivo principal foi identificar contribuições do uso desse livro na abordagem de temas sociocientíficos para a prática de inovação pedagógica dos professores de Química e a produção de uma Cultura Química junto aos estudantes. Explorou-se uma revisão de literatura partindo do ideário de educadores em Química, para oferecer subsídios teóricos, avanços conceituais ao tema. A lógica sócio-histórico-interacionista perpassou a mediação e incorporação da Cultura Química, construída com base no referencial e na avaliação dos dados coletados ao longo da pesquisa. Adotou-se como percurso metodológico um estudo qualitativo via observação participante e de caráter etnográfico, utilizando-se, como instrumentos: um diário de campo; dois questionários aplicados durante a observação; cinco entrevistas com professores; e aulas experimentais ministradas a estudantes do Ensino Médio. A análise buscou identificar por que, após anos de estudo na educação básica, os conhecimentos de Química não se constituem como parte da cultura de todos os cidadãos e cidadãs; e, ainda, se seria possível manter o ambiente de aculturação científica e continuar desconsiderando a ciência social e/ou popular que os estudantes já possuem antes de ir para as aulas. A pesquisa avança, em nível teórico, ao cunhar o conceito de Cultura Química a ser inicialmente desenvolvido durante a educação básica; em nível empírico, ao desenvolver uma Cultura Química aliando a inovadora práxis docente no uso do referido livro didático – com a abordagem sociocientífica de conteúdos químicos – aos conhecimentos primevos dos estudantes nas aulas práticas de Química, transformando-os em agentes de uma Cultura Química, pautada na educação humanística sustentável e articulada com uma educação cidadã.

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The object of this study is the organizational management, particularly the relational processenvironment organization focused on the survival of the space Department of the Arts and Crafts Mestre Raimundo Cardoso linked to the structural arrangement of the Liceu do Paracuri.. Aimed to understand the ways of organizational survival, from the actors' perception of the Center for Arts Career Workshops and Lais Aderne, with investments that discuss the theoretical models of management, institutional theory, cultural organization and institutionalization of public education requirement of the municipal light LDB. (1996) used a qualitative approach with a view to RICHARDSON (1985). The data generated were analyzed based on the technique of content analysis, the thematic type [categorical] Bardin (1977). The results indicate that the institutionalization of the arrangement of the Liceu do Paracuri emerges meet the legal requirement of the autonomy of municipal educational administration under the aegis of sustainable development, quality of life and basic education from the municipal Hélio Gueiros (1993-1996 ). More specifically the Center for Arts and Crafts Laís Aderne, the unit of analysis, the subjects said that this space is designed as a link between the demands of school and community searching through interdisciplinary activities educate and train manpower mainly potter. They did mention the existence of institutional factors (history, culture, habits, values) represent a strong socio-cultural element to the actors belonging to the core that guides behavior and actions of these individuals, fueled by a sense of hope, inclusion of future artisans in culture ceramist. It made a shared management, the existence of a unique work through cultural revival. However, over the course of time, the core is faced with dilemmas of managing transitions mainly regarding governmental, technological beyond endurance by the craftsmen for the optimization of their work. The conclusion - that the paths chosen for the organizational survival of the core meaning and guiding their actions in the systematization of conduct, representations, memories and traditions through habits and choices of consensus, the viewpoint of the actors

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En la travesía por nuevos caminos en la investigación académica, se nos presenta el desafío de investigar alternativas que muestran un horizonte de posibilidades concretas de una educación pautada en la dinámica de organizaciones y movimientos que participan de la lucha por un proyecto de reconocimiento social y desconstrucción de la inferioridad de los sujetos del campo. El escenario de participación de la vida de los que integran la investigación como investigados e investigador es el Territorio Sertão do Apodi, localizado en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, cuya elección empírica fue motivada por la fuerte presencia y participación de movimientos sociales en el campo. La propuesta es investigar posibilidades y desafíos de prácticas y acciones educativas tanto dentro como fuera de la escuela que buscan reconocer y dar visibilidad a los sujetos sociales del campo en el referido Territorio. Así, será objeto de nuestra investigación el espacio de tomada de decisiones y de organización de institucionalidad territorial a través de la actuación del Colegiado del Territorio del Sertão do Apodi y de las prácticas educativas resultantes de las demandas de las acciones territoriales, tanto escolares como no escolares. La literatura en la cual sedimentamos las bases teóricas fundamentales de esta investigación es la de Axel Honneth (2001; 2003), asociada al pensamiento de Boaventura Santos (2003; 2008a), Jesse Souza (2003, 2006) y Milton Santos (2006, 2007, 2009). Vale destacar, aún, la interlocución con la narrativa de Guimarães Rosa, a través de la obra Grande Sertão: Veredas, sobrepasando todo el conjunto del texto. Con esta intención, procuramos defender que una perspectiva de educación destinada a los sujetos del campo debe pautarse en la superación de la condición de invisibilidad social, a que estos están sometidos, por medio de una postura de reconocimiento social que se afirma en el ejercicio de la democracia participativa y en la reparación de desigualdades sociales. Para esto, son muchos los desafíos y las vulnerabilidades de este proceso; y desde ahí, abriremos caminos para lograr el reconocimiento del papel de la educación y el fortalecimiento de las identidades sociales, al situar al sujeto socialmente, permitiendo que se localice en un determinado grupo social, frente a los saberes construidos en la sociedad

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In the past twenty years, there has been a significant increase of researches about teacher s professionalization. In that context, the investigations concerning teacher s knowledge represent an important contribution, as they aim to identify and to rescue the base of knowledge that sustains the teacher s profession. In particular, the reflections and propositions of Lee Shulman have been constitute a fundamental subsidy to the teacher s professionalization in the sense of harnessing the pedagogic knowledge to the content s knowledge, establishing the pedagogic knowledge of the content that characterizes and differentiates the teacher and the bachelor in a certain field of knowledge. Among the indispensable knowledge for the Chemistry teacher's professional practice, in this research we have pointed out the pertinence of the knowledge on the use of models in Chemistry classes in the middle and high school. Those knowledges regard the comprehension of students concerning the understanding and models elaborated in science and the models implemented in the Chemistry teaching, as well as the abilities to plan didactic situations that use models. In this research, we aimed to identify the contributions and barriers during the Chemistry teacher education, in UFRN, in relation to the construction of knowledge that subsidize training teachers in the elaboration of teaching activities that involve the use of models. The investigation was accomplished in UFRN, in the Course of Degree in Chemistry, along with 13 student teachers that studied the subject Practice of Chemistry Teaching. For this research, the following instruments were used: questionnaires with open and closed questions, elaboration of a plan of activities for the Chemistry teaching and an interview to answer the established study s questions. The data was analyzed in an established criteria, classified and tabled. The results showed that the student teachers representations regarding scientific knowledge contemplated, among other topics, the idea of a method for his/her construction. In some cases, the models role was emphasized in that construction, as well as the social dimension in the validation of that knowledge. The scientific models were highlighted by most of the student teachers, as a representation method to explain, understand and interpret the chemical phenomena. On the other hand, the didactic models stood out, in most of cases, as a method of aiding the Chemistry students of the Basic Education to understand the scientific models. The representations regarding those categories contemplated important aspects, although in a superficial way, reflecting the limitations of reflections during the formative process. In the elaboration of teaching activities that use models, difficulties were evidenced, in the process of plan construction, relative to the didactic structure and to the proposition of activities that contemplated models, although the student teachers have mobilized different elements regarding the pedagogic knowledge of the content. Such verifications evidence the urge for the teacher development programs to promote changes in the teacher education in order to propitiate, during this process, reflections, discussions and propositions of activities regarding categories highlighted in this research, contributing to the construction of initial elements regarding the pedagogic knowledge of the content that will be developed throughout teaching, therefore corroborating to the teacher s professionalization

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Les préoccupations gérées par les changements de l éducation nationale poussés par les réformes mises en places par le gouvernement de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, notamment la politique nationale de formation de professeurs, et le besoin de connaître comment ces réformes ont été incorporées par l Université Fédérale de Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, constituent les questions centrales développées par cette thèse. Cette étude propose à montrer, à partir d une approche socio-historique, la façon comment la législation éducationnelle brésilienne sur la formation de professeurs pour l éducation basique expresse la politique de l État brésilien et, en même temps, comment le PROBÁSICA signifie une réponse de l UFRN à cette politique. En ce sens, cette recherche, selon sa perspective exploratoire, descriptive et analytique a privilégié plusieurs techniques et procédés de collectes des données conforme au modèle de la recherche participative, à savoir : enquête semi- structurée, observations directes, contacts formels et informels; enregistrement des opinions de professeurs, coordinateurs pédagogiques et étudiants; repérage, systématisation et analyses de plusieurs documents. L analyse des données, qui a été faite d une façon fondamentalement qualitative, a révélé que le PROBÁSICA a sa genèse à l intérieur de l UFRN et représente, en même temps, une réponse de cette université à la demande de la catégorie et la politique de formation de professeurs. Nous espérons que cette étude suscite d autres recherches qui développent des discussions sur les relations entre l État brésilien, ses politiques éducationnelles et les pratiques pédagogiques de formation de professeurs

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This study - Biologist s formative speech about death. Nuances and metaphors from knowing that the subject of do not want to know - shows a marginal cognitive construction in scientific education from biologist - death. It considered as obvious that death is a theme that covers both the scientific education from biologist and the division of the subject, and concerns the splitting of the double life-death and the principles of inclusion and exclusion of the subject. Part of sensitive question: What is the epistemological weave who supports biologist's speech about death? It is constituted an object of study of the biologist s speech on death. It is advocated the thesis that: Death is an epistemological obstacle announcing for something always aims to escape from the perspective of knowledge, especially of scientific knowledge because, since it is understood as cognitive learning about the disruption of biological phenomenon life which is involved on weave of imaginary and symbolic constructions about the finiteness of life; it has constituted a metaphorical knowing - encouraged by the noisy silence - which does not allow to know in full, mobilizing hence subject in searching for transitional truths that reduce the ontological being-mortal anguish centered in subjective dimension involved in the act of knowing. From this movement of search that the object mental life after death wins a symbolic value that requires a real-looking multi-referential for the study of biology - life - and its implications: the finiteness of life, especially by moving the omnipotence of scientific objectivity expressed by signs and symbols that seek say the completeness of scientific knowledge-, signaling thus the existence of the dynamics of incompleteness implicit in subjectivity that supports knowledge relating to the double, life and death, and to the temporality of the existence of Homo sapiens sapiens, with the axis guiding the desire of the subject, do not want to know about death, implicit in the mechanisms objective-subjective founded by non-said of death is the epistemology of the existence of objective-subjective subject, whose core is the negation of death. The theoretical methodological knowing web is anchored in the multi-reference which favors a transit by theoretical current, as the Psychoanalysis, bachelardian philosophy, the epistemology of complexity, the Thanatology, the Social Psychology, and Etnocenology, and Understanding Interview. The unveiling of the study object from the analysis of oral speech of eleven biologists who serve in high school, from three main guiding: Death in the history of life,Death in biologist s academic education and, Conceptions about concepts

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The present work has as objective to reconstitute the biographical profile and pedagogical practices of the teacher Myriam Coeli de Araújo Dantas da Silveira, in the Professionalizing scholl of the Federal Net of the Rio Grande do Norte, in the 60 s years. The choice of the period is justified by being this the time of important changes in the Education, as an example we have the implementation of the Law of Lines of direction and Bases of the National Education, the 4.024/1961. This teacher contributed for the formation of the potiguar s society scholar, acting in the press, the journalism and the teaching, activity that I analyzed in this study. How the pedagogical practices of her had happened in the 60 s years? This question guided the research and, in the search to answer it I used as source the Public Archive of the Rio grande do Norte, the Historical and Geographic Institute of the Rio grande do Norte, the periodicals of the time, photographs, sketch books of Myriam Coeli and interviews with familiar, former-pupils and contemporaries of this master. I verified that her performance always was based in the educational changes lived deeply for her, carrying through a series of activities in the school as: elaboration of the annual program of Portuguese Language, organization of literary competitions and an practice based on the effective norms without leaving to unite respect and the understanding for the pupils. Of this form, the analysis is not summarized only to the practices of a teacher, but the configuration, in part, of the Rio Grande do Norte educational history in a determined period, the 60 s years

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This work studies the thematic of the politics of formation of teachers in the Program of Professional Qualification for Basic Education (PROBÁSICA) developed in the City of Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte. It has as its main objective to identify and to analyze the contribution of this politics of initial formation for the professional formation of teachers. To install the work, we will use the procedures of bibliographical research, documentary analysis, comment, structuralized interview, questionnaire-script and virtual research. In the analysis of the data, we trace a general view on PROBÁSICA while initial formation along with the continued formation, pedagogical research, collaborative research and the exercise of the teaching profession, identifying the possibilities and limits of the Program in the direction to reach the objective considered in this work. From the inquiry, we construct the institutional land scope of the program in question, also focusing, the organizational aspects of its functioning. We have to take care about the results, we evidence that PROBÁSICA is making the possible to access of the teachers in the educational service to the University, what the main aspect that consists, trying to prove eminent weak points in its systematic due to give to the organizational structure of this educational politics that does not count with curricular, institutional and financial the necessary conditions for the success of the professional formation of the teachers. The research will try to understand that the operationalization of the politics of formation in Parnamirim will be belong with it the main idea of the Educational Reformation in years of 1990, articulated to the neoliberal interests, that the responsibility for the problems of the public system of education attributed to the teachers, and that are not answered completely through the purpose of the professional formation, and ti seems that it does not define one global national politics that deals with seriousness to the questions the initial formation, permanent formation, pedagogical research, , career and conditions of work for the teachers