Enhancement of fish production in Borno State with extension services

Borno State possesses great potentials for fish production both from inland fisheries and aquaculture. The socio-economic and environmental production factors are suitable for fish production. If the potential of the State were well harnessed, it would be playing significant roles in achieving self-sufficiency in fish production in Nigeria. But the situation at the moment is that its fisheries potentials are not being optimally utilized. While the inland waters of Lake Chad are currently being recklessly exploited, aquaculture development is given little or no attention. It is evident that there is a missing link between research results and the potential end users. Because information in fish production variables is a pre-requisite for fisheries development, the gap that exists between two poles must be bridged, fisheries Extension provides this important link between research result and the end users of research findings. The paper examines the importance of extension services as the key to unlock fish production information that are usually consigned to the pages of academic journals and research publications

Phase transitions from the solid state of monatomic elements

<p>The principle aims of this thesis include the development of models of sublimation and melting from first principles and the application of these models to the rare gases.</p> <p>A simple physical model is constructed to represent the sublimation of monatomic elements. According to this model, the solid and gas phases are two states of a single physical system. The nature of the phase transition is clearly revealed, and the relations between the vapor pressure, the latent heat, and the transition temperature are derived. The resulting theory is applied to argon, krypton, and xenon, and good agreement with experiment is found.</p> <p>For the melting transition, the solid is represented by an anharmonic model and the liquid is described by the Percus-Yevick approximation. The behavior of the liquid at high densities is studied on the isotherms kT/��� = 1.3, 1.8, and 2.0, where k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature, and e is the well depth of the Lennard-Jones 12-6 pair potential. No solutions of the PercusYevick equation were found for ����³ above 1.3, where �� is the particle density and �� is the radial parameter of the Lennard-Jones potential. The liquid structure is found to be very different from the solid structure near the melting line. The liquid pressures are about 50 percent low for experimental melting densities of argon. This discrepancy gives rise to melting pressures up to twice the experimental values.</p>

A organiza����o da mocidade portuguesa: entre rupturas e perman��ncias (1943-1974)

O Estado Novo Portugu��s (1932-1974) foi um dos mais duradouros regimes ditatoriais durante o S��culo XX. Oliveira Salazar, seu principal governante, importava-se com a manuten����o das institui����es de representa����o social, principalmente as representadas pelo lema: Deus, P��tria e Fam��lia, ou seja, a Igreja, a Na����o (Imp��rio) e a Fam��lia. Esta ��ltima representava a base de toda a moral, ordem e harmonia do pa��s, assim como os jovens destas fam��lias representavam o futuro da Na����o. A Organiza����o Nacional Mocidade Portuguesa fora institu��da pelo decreto-lei n. 26.611, de 19 de maio de 1936, em execu����o da lei n. 1.941, de 11 de abril do mesmo ano pelo Ministro da Educa����o, Ant��nio Faria Carneiro Pacheco. Ela representava toda a juventude do pa��s dos sete aos vinte e cinto anos, escolar ou n��o, e tinha por finalidade estimular o desenvolvimento integral da capacidade f��sica, forma����o do car��ter e a devo����o �� P��tria, no sentimento da ordem, disciplina e no culto do dever militar.

Direito Internacional em mat��ria de ��gua doce: conte��do, formas e efetividade

Este trabalho objetiva analisar diversos aspectos do Direito Internacional P��blico em mat��ria de recursos h��dricos de ��gua doce superficiais e subterr��neos. Gera����o de energia, abastecimento, pesca, navega����o, lazer, agricultura e ind��stria, s��o m��ltiplos os usos que os seres humanos fazem da ��gua doce, mas antes disso a ��gua �� essencial para manuten����o de todo e qualquer tipo de vida na Terra. S��o complexas e pass��veis de v��rias an��lises as rela����es entre os Estados e as rela����es que se concretizam no interior dos Estados com objetivo de utilizar, controlar e preservar as fontes de ��gua doce, a que se pretende fazer �� uma an��lise jur��dica, inserida no contexto pol��tico de expans��o do capitalismo liberal. Pretende-se identificar e analisar normas jur��dicas produzidas no ��mbito internacional multilateral, considerando a sua forma, conte��do e poss��veis efeitos: na resolu����o de conflitos entre os Estados pelo controle e utiliza����o da ��gua doce, no estabelecimento de par��metros para solu����o da crise ambiental e na supera����o dos problemas de acesso �� ��gua. Na primeira parte do trabalho, s��o identificadas as normas de Direito Internacional P��blico atinentes �� mat��ria, descrevendo-se, primeiramente, a evolu����o hist��rica do Direito Internacional Fluvial at�� os estudos da doutrina de Direito Internacional e a Conven����o de Nova York de 1997. O cap��tulo segundo objetiva apresentar o tema da ��gua doce no contexto de surgimento do Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente, de realiza����o de confer��ncias e cria����o de f��runs internacionais para a quest��o da ��gua e do desenvolvimento de um direito humano �� ��gua. O cap��tulo terceiro prop��e-se a ingressar na incipiente quest��o da regulamenta����o dos usos das ��guas subterr��neas, analisando os trabalhos da Comiss��o de Direito Internacional da Organiza����o das Na����es Unidas que culminaram com a ado����o de uma Resolu����o sobre o Direito dos Aqu��feros Transfronteiri��os por parte da Assembleia Geral daquela organiza����o. A segunda parte do trabalho objetiva analisar a aplica����o das regras e princ��pios ensaiados nos textos de Direito Internacional aos casos concretos, confrontando-as com as solu����es propostas em casos paradigm��ticos de conflitos pela ��gua, como o caso Gabcikovo-Nagymaros e o caso das Papeleras, envolvendo Argentina e Uruguai, ambos julgados pela Corte Internacional de Justi��a. Na segunda parte do trabalho, tamb��m �� analisado o caso do aqu��fero Guarani, um sistema de aqu��feros interligados que se estende sob os subsolos de Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai, que em agosto de 2010 foi objeto de um tratado internacional assinado no ��mbito do Mercosul. Por fim, a pesquisa objetiva desenvolver ideias e explica����es para a exist��ncia (ou n��o) e a efetividade (ou a falta dela) das normas de Direito Internacional sobre recursos h��dricos, considerando o conceito de soberania estatal que ora �� o bode expiat��rio para a falta de assinaturas nos tratados ou de votos em declara����es, ora �� o pr��prio fundamento para a ado����o de compromissos por parte dos Estados. Conclui-se tentando responder as seguintes quest��es: Existe Direito Internacional da ��gua doce? S��o as normas de Direito Internacional efetivas? Para que servem essas normas de Direito Internacional, al��m da afirma����o de sua pr��pria exist��ncia como metas a serem atingidas?

Analysis, optimization and development of an answer scoring system

The main contribution of this work is to analyze and describe the state of the art performance as regards answer scoring systems from the SemEval- 2013 task, as well as to continue with the development of an answer scoring system (EHU-ALM) developed in the University of the Basque Country. On the overall this master thesis focuses on finding any possible configuration that lets improve the results in the SemEval dataset by using attribute engineering techniques in order to find optimal feature subsets, along with trying different hierarchical configurations in order to analyze its performance against the traditional one versus all approach. Altogether, throughout the work we propose two alternative strategies: on the one hand, to improve the EHU-ALM system without changing the architecture, and, on the other hand, to improve the system adapting it to an hierarchical con- figuration. To build such new models we describe and use distinct attribute engineering, data preprocessing, and machine learning techniques.

Parity-dependent State Engineering and Tomography in the ultrastrong coupling regime

Reaching the strong coupling regime of light-matter interaction has led to an impressive development in fundamental quantum physics and applications to quantum information processing. Latests advances in different quantum technologies, like superconducting circuits or semiconductor quantum wells, show that the ultrastrong coupling regime (USC) can also be achieved, where novel physical phenomena and potential computational benefits have been predicted. Nevertheless, the lack of effective decoupling mechanism in this regime has so far hindered control and measurement processes. Here, we propose a method based on parity symmetry conservation that allows for the generation and reconstruction of arbitrary states in the ultrastrong coupling regime of light-matter interactions. Our protocol requires minimal external resources by making use of the coupling between the USC system and an ancillary two-level quantum system.

Igreja e poder no Brasil entre 1970 e 1990

Inserida na linha de pesquisa Pol��tica e Cultura, esta tese entende a Religi��o como um poder simb��lico e como um fen��meno que penetrando a pol��tica e a cultura de um povo, de uma na����o, estabelece valores, interfere na elabora����o das normas jur��dicas, estabelece e resignifica os costumes e as tradi����es. Atrav��s de vasta documenta����o afirmamos que a Igreja Cat��lica no Brasil se manteve ligada ao Estado e interferiu na vida pol��tica e cultural do pa��s at�� os anos de 1970. Neste per��odo a Igreja manteve uma postura de combate ao socialismo e ��s esquerdas que se manteve posteriormente, por��m, a Teologia da Liberta����o se desenvolveu tomando os conceitos marxistas e as Ci��ncias Pol��ticas como fundamento para suas an��lises. A ruptura das rela����es entre a Igreja e o Estado no Brasil nos anos de 1970 e o desenvolvimento da Teologia da Liberta����o s��o analisados a partir do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci, considerando a Igreja Sociedade Civil. O rompimento da hegemonia da Igreja Cat��lica em rela����o ao Estado efetivou a organiza����o das pastorais e movimentos de base em busca do estabelecimento de uma nova ordem pol��tica e assim o estabelecimento de uma nova hegemonia da Igreja no Brasil dos anos de 1990.

Stock evaluation and development of a breeding program for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Karnataka, India: progress of a research project

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the single most important species for aquaculture in the state of Karnataka, India, where it is generally grown in polyculture with Indian major carps. Precocious maturation and unwanted reproduction in the species have been identified as constraints to increase production in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries in Karnataka state. Stocks of C. carpio obtained from Hungary (Amur and P3), Indonesia (Rajdanu) and Vietnam (SV) are being assessed alongside two local stocks (L-BRP and L-FRS) in a series of culture performance trials with the objective of setting up a base population for selective breeding. The paper presents progress of research being undertaken at the Fisheries Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Coastal States and Distant-water Fishing Nation Relations: An Economist's Perspective

The widespread implementation of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction (EFJ) has confronted coastal states with several resource management problems. One of these consists of the economic relations, if any, that the coastal state should establish with distant-water fishing nations (DWFN's) seeking access to the coastal state's 200-mile zone. Several of the other papers presented here deal with specific aspects of the issue. This paper, on the other hand, will concern itself with the question of the analytical framework to be used by economists in studying this issue. It will offer some suggestions with respect to possible components of the framework. In doing so, the paper will restrict itself to the coastal state's perspective of EFJ and the management issues arising therefrom. It goes without saying, of course, that an enlightened coastal state will attempt to acquaint itself with the DWFN view of the world.

Programa Espacial Brasileiro: militares, cientistas e a quest��o da soberania nacional

Esta tese versa sobre a an��lise de um dos grandes projetos tecnol��gicos do Estado nacional, o PEB, com o intuito de verificar em que medida o Brasil, enquanto Pa��s em desenvolvimento e inserido no processo de globaliza����o econ��mica, tem a possibilidade de autodeterminar um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento relativamente soberano e sustent��vel, mediante sua capacita����o tecnol��gica em ��reas de ponta, como as tecnologias espaciais. Neste ��nterim, �� discutido o processo de institucionaliza����o da ci��ncia no Pa��s e a implanta����o de um moderno sistema de C&T no Brasil atrav��s de uma alian��a entre cientistas e militares, culminando com a cria����o do CNPq em 1951. Apresentamos uma releitura da nossa recente hist��ria pol��tica e os projetos nacionais de desenvolvimento de que foi alvo o Pa��s, formulados pelos grupos sociais mais representativos da sociedade na ��poca estudada, recuperando uma discuss��o que, estendendo-se por d��cadas, reservou �� quest��o cient��fica um lugar privilegiado no planejamento do Estado. O per��odo da ditadura militar �� especialmente contemplado, considerando-se ter sido esta a fase em que realmente o Programa Espacial Brasileiro sofreu maiores investimentos, conferindo aos militares um papel de destaque no quadro de atores sociais coletivos empenhados no projeto de desenvolvimento do Pa��s, destacando as diversas correntes ideol��gicas em a����o dentro das For��as Armadas. Foi analisado o processo de globaliza����o devido ao seu nexo interno e externo com as pol��ticas cient��ficas implantadas ou preconizadas no Pa��s. Esse processo, alavancado pela nova din��mica tecnol��gica internacional iniciada nos anos 1980, estabeleceu profundos impactos e mudan��as na constitui����o atual da esfera do pol��tico. Este �� o cen��rio onde, de nosso ponto de vista, inscreve-se a quest��o da capacita����o cient��fico-tecnol��gica como vari��vel estrat��gica em todos os n��veis das rela����es internacionais. A compreens��o desta problem��tica deve ser entendida como parte do cen��rio mundial que se configurou nas ��ltimas d��cadas do s��culo XX, tendo no entrela��amento das din��micas cient��fico-tecnol��gica e a soberania nacional dos Estados uma sinergia diferenciada na reordena����o geopol��tica contempor��nea.

Nelson Werneck Sodr�� e a crise da Revolu����o Brasileira

Esta disserta����o em Hist��ria Pol��tica da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), inserida na linha de pesquisa Pol��tica e Cultura �� um estudo sobre a historiografia brasileira tendo como elemento central a contribui����o te��rica do militar do Ex��rcito Brasileiro e historiador Nelson Werneck Sodr��, no tocante a modernidade (ou melhor, o desenvolvimento) no Brasil. A sua obra notabiliza-se pela necessidade de modificar as estruturas pol��ticas, sociais e econ��micas do pa��s, constru��das ao longo de sua forma����o hist��rica, marcado pelo alinhamento das classes dominantes com o centro hegem��nico, a sua intensa rela����o com o mercado externo e o seu mutualismo com o capital internacional. Escreveu extensa obra teoricamente fundamentada no marxismo-leninista, no af�� de superar as for��as tradicionais, que em sua vis��o impediam o avan��o do pa��s na constitui����o de uma na����o, dificultando uma pol��tica de industrializa����o independente, em contraposi����o a setores progressistas da sociedade brasileira. Atrav��s da concep����o dial��tica, do choque entre os opostos, no caso, o novo e o velho, no qual o primeiro era a Revolu����o Brasileira e a sua ant��tese, o segundo, as for��as da tradi����o: o latif��ndio e o imperialismo. Em nossa pesquisa tamb��m focamos a crise da Revolu����o Brasileira, com a instaura����o da ditadura, ap��s o golpe de 1964, que culminou com a derrota de um projeto de na����o de toda uma gera����o. Por fim observamos o intenso debate pol��tico-historiogr��fico que a obra de Werneck Sodr�� foi submetida, al��m do seu posicionamento.

Sea level rise adaptation: emerging lessons for local policy development

Many coastal communities across the United States are beginning to plan for climate-related sea level rise. While impacts and solutions will vary with local conditions, jurisdictions which have begun this process seem to pass through three common stages when developing policy for local sea level rise adaptation: l) building awareness about local sea level rise threats, 2) undertaking analyses of local vulnerabilities, and 3) developing plans and policies to deal with these vulnerabilities. The purpose of this paper is to help advance community dialogue and further inform local decision-makers about key elements and steps for addressing climate-related sea level rise. It summarizes the results of a project the Marine Policy Institute (MPI) undertook during 2011-12 to review experiences from fourteen U.S. coastal jurisdictions representing a variety of city, county, and state efforts with sea level adaptation. There are many more initiatives underway than those reflected in this sample, but the ���focus jurisdictions��� were selected because of the extensive information publically available on their experiences and lessons being learned that could provide insights for coastal communities, especially in Southwest Florida.

Monitoring well-being and changing environmental conditions in coastal communities: development of an assessment method

The intersection of social and environmental forces is complex in coastal communities. The well-being of a coastal community is caught up in the health of its environment, the stability of its economy, the provision of services to its residents, and a multitude of other factors. With this in mind, the project investigators sought to develop an approach that would enable researchers to measure these social and environmental interactions. The concept of well-being proved extremely useful for this purpose. Using the Gulf of Mexico as a regional case study, the research team developed a set of composite indicators to be used for monitoring well-being at the county-level. The indicators selected for the study were: Social Connectedness, Economic Security, Basic Needs, Health, Access to Social Services, Education, Safety, Governance, and Environmental Condition. For each of the 37 sample counties included in the study region, investigators collected and consolidated existing, secondary data representing multiple aspects of objective well-being. To conduct a longitudinal assessment of changing wellbeing and environmental conditions, data were collected for the period of 2000 to 2010. The team focused on the Gulf of Mexico because the development of a baseline of well-being would allow NOAA and other agencies to better understand progress made toward recovery in communities affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. However, the broader purpose of the project was to conceptualize and develop an approach that could be adapted to monitor how coastal communities are doing in relation to a variety of ecosystem disruptions and associated interventions across all coastal regions in the U.S. and its Territories. The method and models developed provide substantial insight into the structure and significance of relationships between community well-being and environmental conditions. Further, this project has laid the groundwork for future investigation, providing a clear path forward for integrated monitoring of our nation���s coasts. The research and monitoring capability described in this document will substantially help counties, local organizations, as well state and federal agencies that are striving to improve all facets of community well-being.

Indigenous construction of fishing boats at Versova village in Maharashtra State

Versova, one of the 23 fishing villages in the district of Greater Bombay, is a major fishing centre. During the last three decades mechanisation of fishing boats received a tremendous boost in the state specially in and around Bombay resulting in higher income and gainful employment to fishermen. Indigenous construction of fishing boats at Versova contributes to the marine fisheries development. Inspite of certain constraints in construction activities, training of artisans in boat construction would ultimately help in the economic growth of the village.

Impact of mechanisation of fisheries development in Karnataka

Karnataka, one of the maritime states on the west coast of India, has progressed quite well in marine fisheries due to its vast fisheries resources and diversification in mechanised fishing. Mechanisation programmes were started by the state from 1957-58 only. Starting with two small mechanised boats, the state has today a fishing fleet of 398 purseseiners, 731 gillnetters, 2 deepsea trawlers and about 1,500 shrimp trawlers contributing over 85% of the total marine fish landings. The marine fish production during 1987-88 up to the end of March 1988 was 1,29,659 tonnes valued at Rs.48.05 crores.