858 resultados para Detecção de partículas
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Na avaliação da exposição profissional a agentes químicos a monitorização do ar do ambiente de trabalho é a metodologia mais utilizada e o valor-limite mais frequentemente utilizado é a Concentração Média Ponderada. Recentemente alguns estudos têm sido realizados recorrendo a uma avaliação da exposição profissional baseada na actividade desenvolvida pelo trabalhador. O estudo desenvolvido numa empresa de produção de pranchas de surf demonstrou a utilidades desta metodologia na identificação da actividade mais crítica em matéria de exposição a partículas e, ainda, na definição de prioridades de intervenção e de investimento para eliminar e/ou controlar a exposição.
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Este trabalho propõe um estudo sobre códigos numéricos e detecção de erros de transmissão. Os códigos são de uso rotineiro, sua estrutura é simples e motiva alguns aspectos da teoria de divisibilidade, de uma forma diferenciada. A pesquisa trata da estrutura de alguns códigos e, com cálculos simples, detecta-se a presença de um erro de transmissão. Por fim, fazemos uma proposta pedagógica, a qual almeja fomentar hábitos de pesquisa no aprendiz e, especialmente, colocar a Matemática como uma ciência do seu cotidiano.
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COMPASS is an experiment at CERN’s SPS whose goal is to study hadron structure and spectroscopy. The experiment includes a wide acceptance RICH detector, operating since 2001 and subject to a major upgrade of the central region of its photodetectors in 2006. The remaining 75% of the photodetection area are still using MWPCs from the original design, who suffer from limitations in gain due to aging of the photocathodes from ion bombardment and due to ion-induced instabilities. Besides the mentioned limitations, the increased luminosity conditions expected for the upcoming years of the experiment make an upgrade to the remaining detectors pertinent. This upgrade should be accomplished in 2016, using hybrid detectors composed of ThGEMs and MICROMEGAS. This work presents the study, development and characterization of gaseous photon detectors envisaging the foreseen upgrade, and the progress in production and evaluation techniques necessary to reach increasingly larger area detectors with the performances required. It includes reports on the studies performed under particle beam environment of such detectors. MPGD structures can also be used in a variety of other applications, of which nuclear medical imaging is a notorious example. This work includes, additionally, the initial steps in simulating, assembling and characterizing a prototype of a gaseous detector for application as a Compton Camera.
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In this research work, a new routing protocol for Opportunistic Networks is presented. The proposed protocol is called PSONET (PSO for Opportunistic Networks) since the proposal uses a hybrid system composed of a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The main motivation for using the PSO is to take advantage of its search based on individuals and their learning adaptation. The PSONET uses the Particle Swarm Optimization technique to drive the network traffic through of a good subset of forwarders messages. The PSONET analyzes network communication conditions, detecting whether each node has sparse or dense connections and thus make better decisions about routing messages. The PSONET protocol is compared with the Epidemic and PROPHET protocols in three different scenarios of mobility: a mobility model based in activities, which simulates the everyday life of people in their work activities, leisure and rest; a mobility model based on a community of people, which simulates a group of people in their communities, which eventually will contact other people who may or may not be part of your community, to exchange information; and a random mobility pattern, which simulates a scenario divided into communities where people choose a destination at random, and based on the restriction map, move to this destination using the shortest path. The simulation results, obtained through The ONE simulator, show that in scenarios where the mobility model based on a community of people and also where the mobility model is random, the PSONET protocol achieves a higher messages delivery rate and a lower replication messages compared with the Epidemic and PROPHET protocols.
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The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and to assess a simple algorithm for automatic estimation of the most salient region in an image, that have possible application in computer vision. The algorithm uses the connection between color dissimilarities in the image and the image’s most salient region. The algorithm also avoids using image priors. Pixel dissimilarity is an informal function of the distance of a specific pixel’s color to other pixels’ colors in an image. We examine the relation between pixel color dissimilarity and salient region detection on the MSRA1K image dataset. We propose a simple algorithm for salient region detection through random pixel color dissimilarity. We define dissimilarity by accumulating the distance between each pixel and a sample of n other random pixels, in the CIELAB color space. An important result is that random dissimilarity between each pixel and just another pixel (n = 1) is enough to create adequate saliency maps when combined with median filter, with competitive average performance if compared with other related methods in the saliency detection research field. The assessment was performed by means of precision-recall curves. This idea is inspired on the human attention mechanism that is able to choose few specific regions to focus on, a biological system that the computer vision community aims to emulate. We also review some of the history on this topic of selective attention.
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Neste trabalho foi avaliado o processo de recobrimento de partículas de areia com quitosana utilizando a técnica dip-coating, e analisado o emprego destas partículas como recheio de uma coluna de leito fixo no processo de adsorção de cromo (VI) em solução aquosa. A quitosana foi obtida a partir de resíduos de camarão e caracterizada. O estudo avaliou a influência do tamanho das partículas e da concentração da solução de quitosana no recobrimento das partículas de areia. Foram avaliados parâmetros termodinâmicos, isotermas de equilíbrio e parâmetros relacionados ao funcionamento do leito (vazão e pH da solução, diâmetro de partícula) para o processo de adsorção de cromo (VI) em solução aquosa. No recobrimento das partículas de areia, o tamanho não teve significância na resposta, enquanto a concentração da solução de recobrimento mostrou ter grande influência sobre o resultado, sendo que a menor concentração de quitosana dentro da faixa estudada (0,5% p/v) apresentou o melhor desempenho. O processo de cura física para o recobrimento das partículas de areia mostrou melhor desempenho para a adsorção de cromo (VI) em leito fixo frente ao processo físico-químico. As análises de superfície (MEV) e de difração de raio-X (EDX) comprovaram a mudança na superfície das partículas recobertas e a presença de cromo após a adsorção. O modelo de Sips foi o que melhor representou os dados experimentais de equilíbrio, com R2 >0,99% e EMR<3,5%, sendo que a capacidade máxima de adsorção foi de 46,93 mg g-1 obtida a 298 K. O processo se mostrou espontâneo, exotérmico e favorável, com valores de -4,49 a -4,66kJ mol-1 para e energia livre de Gibbs, -5,97kJ mol-1 para a variação de entalpia e -5,17x10-3 kJ mol-1K -1 para variação de entropia. O aumento do pH diminuiu a adsorção de cromo (VI), sendo que a melhor resposta foi obtida em pH 3, sendo que o diâmetro de partícula não teve efeito significante. O estudo da vazão da solução de cromo (VI) no desempenho do leito mostrou que no menor valor (2,5 mL min-1 ) a concentração de saída do leito foi próxima a zero, mantendo-se com concentrações de saída abaixo de 20% por pelo menos 20 min. O estudo da dessorção do leito mostrou que após cinco ciclos de trabalho o leito manteve 86% da capacidade de adsorção, com taxas de recuperação do cromo no processo de dessorção maiores que 95%.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2015.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2015.
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Shrimp farming is one of the activities that contribute most to the growth of global aquaculture. However, this business has undergone significant economic losses due to the onset of viral diseases such as Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN). The IMN is already widespread throughout Northeastern Brazil and affects other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The main symptom of disease is myonecrosis, which consists of necrosis of striated muscles of the abdomen and cephalothorax of shrimp. The IMN is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), a non-enveloped virus which has protrusions along its capsid. The viral genome consists of a single molecule of double-stranded RNA and has two Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes the major capsid protein (MCP) and a potential RNA binding protein (RBP). ORF2 encodes a probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and classifies IMNV in Totiviridae family. Thus, the objective of this research was study the IMNV complete genome and encoded proteins in order to develop a system differentiate virus isolates based on polymorphisms presence. The phylogenetic relationship among some totivirus was investigated and showed a new group to IMNV within Totiviridae family. Two new genomes were sequenced, analyzed and compared to two other genomes already deposited in GenBank. The new genomes were more similar to each other than those already described. Conserved and variable regions of the genome were identified through similarity graphs and alignments using the four IMNV sequences. This analyze allowed mapping of polymorphic sites and revealed that the most variable region of the genome is in the first half of ORF1, which coincides with the regions that possibly encode the viral protrusion, while the most stable regions of the genome were found in conserved domains of proteins that interact with RNA. Moreover, secondary structures were predicted for all proteins using various softwares and protein structural models were calculated using threading and ab initio modeling approaches. From these analyses was possible to observe that the IMNV proteins have motifs and shapes similar to proteins of other totiviruses and new possible protein functions have been proposed. The genome and proteins study was essential for development of a PCR-based detection system able to discriminate the four IMNV isolates based on the presence of polymorphic sites
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La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por la incapacidad del páncreas de producir insulina. Esta hormona regula la absorción de la glucosa del torrente sanguíneo por parte de las células. Debido a la ausencia de insulina en el cuerpo, la glucosa se acumula en el torrente sanguíneo provocando problemas a corto y largo plazo, como por ejemplo deterioro celular. Los pacientes con esta enfermedad necesitan controlar su glucemia (concentración de glucosa en sangre) midiendo la misma de forma regular e inyectándose insulina subcutánea de por vida. Para conocer la glucemia se pueden utilizar Monitores Continuos de Glucosa (MCG), que proporcionan el valor de la glucosa intersticial en un rango entre uno y cinco minutos. Los MCG actuales presentan los siguientes problemas: Por un lado, el sensor que lleva incorporado introduce ruidos asociados a la medición obtenida. Y, por otro lado, el sensor se degrada a lo largo de su vida útil, lo que dificulta la interpretación de los datos obtenidos. La solución propuesta en este trabajo consiste en la utilización de filtros de partículas. Este tipo de filtros consta de cuatro fases: inicialización, predicción, corrección y remuestreo. Son capaces de identificar los estados ocultos del sistema (glucosa en sangre y degeneración del sensor), a partir de medidas indirectas del mismo (como por ejemplo la glucosa intersticial) teniendo en cuenta el ruido de las mediciones del MCG. En este proyecto se va a aplicar un filtro de partículas de cuatro estados (glucosa, velocidad de variación de la glucosa, degeneración del sensor y velocidad de variación de la degeneración del sensor.). En primera instancia, se utilizará la herramienta Matlab para analizar el correcto funcionamiento de este algoritmo frente a los problemas mencionados anteriormente de los MCG. Y, en segundo lugar, se realizará una implementación hardware sobre una FPGA.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2016.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.
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Metal powder sintering appears to be promising option to achieve new physical and mechanical properties combining raw material with new processing improvements. It interest over many years and continue to gain wide industrial application. Stainless steel is a widely accepted material because high corrosion resistance. However stainless steels have poor sinterability and poor wear resistance due to their low hardness. Metal matrix composite (MMC) combining soft metallic matrix reinforced with carbides or oxides has attracted considerable attention for researchers to improve density and hardness in the bulk material. This thesis focuses on processing 316L stainless steel by addition of 3% wt niobium carbide to control grain growth and improve densification and hardness. The starting powder were water atomized stainless steel manufactured for Höganäs (D 50 = 95.0 μm) and NbC produced in the UFRN and supplied by Aesar Alpha Johnson Matthey Company with medium crystallite size 16.39 nm and 80.35 nm respectively. Samples with addition up to 3% of each NbC were mixed and mechanically milled by 3 routes. The route1 (R1) milled in planetary by 2 hours. The routes 2 (R2) and 3 (R3) milled in a conventional mill by 24 and 48 hours. Each milled samples and pure sample were cold compacted uniaxially in a cylindrical steel die (Ø 5 .0 mm) at 700 MPa, carried out in a vacuum furnace, heated at 1290°C, heating rate 20°C stand by 30 and 60 minutes. The samples containing NbC present higher densities and hardness than those without reinforcement. The results show that nanosized NbC particles precipitate on grain boundary. Thus, promote densification eliminating pores, control grain growth and increase the hardness values