Image segmentation integrating colour, texture and boundary information

La tesis se centra en la Visión por Computador y, más concretamente, en la segmentación de imágenes, la cual es una de las etapas básicas en el análisis de imágenes y consiste en la división de la imagen en un conjunto de regiones visualmente distintas y uniformes considerando su intensidad, color o textura. Se propone una estrategia basada en el uso complementario de la información de región y de frontera durante el proceso de segmentación, integración que permite paliar algunos de los problemas básicos de la segmentación tradicional. La información de frontera permite inicialmente identificar el número de regiones presentes en la imagen y colocar en el interior de cada una de ellas una semilla, con el objetivo de modelar estadísticamente las características de las regiones y definir de esta forma la información de región. Esta información, conjuntamente con la información de frontera, es utilizada en la definición de una función de energía que expresa las propiedades requeridas a la segmentación deseada: uniformidad en el interior de las regiones y contraste con las regiones vecinas en los límites. Un conjunto de regiones activas inician entonces su crecimiento, compitiendo por los píxeles de la imagen, con el objetivo de optimizar la función de energía o, en otras palabras, encontrar la segmentación que mejor se adecua a los requerimientos exprsados en dicha función. Finalmente, todo esta proceso ha sido considerado en una estructura piramidal, lo que nos permite refinar progresivamente el resultado de la segmentación y mejorar su coste computacional. La estrategia ha sido extendida al problema de segmentación de texturas, lo que implica algunas consideraciones básicas como el modelaje de las regiones a partir de un conjunto de características de textura y la extracción de la información de frontera cuando la textura es presente en la imagen. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo la extensión a la segmentación de imágenes teniendo en cuenta las propiedades de color y textura. En este sentido, el uso conjunto de técnicas no-paramétricas de estimación de la función de densidad para la descripción del color, y de características textuales basadas en la matriz de co-ocurrencia, ha sido propuesto para modelar adecuadamente y de forma completa las regiones de la imagen. La propuesta ha sido evaluada de forma objetiva y comparada con distintas técnicas de integración utilizando imágenes sintéticas. Además, se han incluido experimentos con imágenes reales con resultados muy positivos.

Researching and designing GREAT; the extremely condensed hybrid urban block

The fact that the hybrid building is an extremely condensed urban block which increases the city’s density and contributes to the public realm of the city – horizontally as well vertically - forms one of the key interests of this documentation, research and master studio work. The “ground scraper” is not only public because of the character of its plinth facing surrounding streets, but also in regard to its interior space that is partly accessible to public. As such the European hybrid building potentially extends the city’s public domain horizontally and vertically into the building’s interior and links the public domain inside and outside. Notwithstanding, the hybrid building due to its specific and unconventional character represents a truly urban architecture that was unfortunately often rejected in the name of ‘purity’ of form and function during the twentieth century. Or with other words, its rejection demonstrates the domination of the building’s plan opposed to the section. Today, new frameworks for the city, like the “compact city,” ask for innovative interpretations and designs of building types, worthy to be investigated and proposed. The architectural type of the hybrid building, (re)defines and expresses the relation between architecture and the city in a specific manner. To begin with, the city of Rotterdam forms the first test-case of the Hybrid’s project to document and discuss statements, such as “the hybrid building has a long- standing tradition within this ‘modern city”, “it is a machine for urbanity,” “it enlarges the city,” “it innovates because of its ambitiousness but also because of necessity,” “it combines to activate,” “it asks for extraordinary design intelligence and craftsmanship.” A special way of drawing is developed to document, analyse and compare historical and contemporary representatives of the species. The method includes panoply of scales ranging from the morphological arrangement on the scale of the city, the typologies of stacking diverse programs to the architectural features that establish the mutual relationship between the public space of the city and the interior of the building. Basically the features analysed within the series of drawings are also constitutional for (the success of) every future hybrid building.

Formação continuada: seus impactos na prática docente: um olhar sobre o programa pró-letramento

RESUMO: A preocupação central desta pesquisa foi compreendermos qual o impacto da formação continuada Pró-Letramento na prática pedagógica do professor a partir das necessidades e desafios do cotidiano escolar. Buscamos conhecer o conceito que os sujeitos da pesquisa têm sobre formação continuada, abordando a mesma como elemento da prática docente, comparamos o cotidiano de sala de aula de professores que passaram pela formação Pró-Letramento com os que não tiveram acesso a essa formação. Com respeito à formação continuada a percebemos como um processo dinâmico, reflexivo, que combina uma variedade de possibilidades e modalidades de aprendizagens, em que o professor vai adequando a sua formação às exigências sociais, culturais, educacionais. A formação continuada se dá, por meio da reflexão sobre a própria prática profissional no processo de ação-reflexão-ação, adquirindo significado na medida em que desenvolve e promove os diversos saberes docentes. A pesquisa foi conduzida com 90 professores do Ensino Fundamental – Anos Iniciais -, com oito coordenadoras que acompanham pedagogicamente os professores sujeitos dessa pesquisa e a observação em sala de aula. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário validado e adaptado aos professores e uma entrevista aos coordenadores. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS; enquanto a análise dos dados qualitativos foi orientada pela análise de discurso. A pesquisa aponta para algumas conclusões no que se refere a importância da Formação Continuada Pró-Letramento, tendo em vista a mesma possibilitar mudanças na prática pedagógica e colaborara para formação de um professor reflexivo, ao mesmo tempo que abre espaço para novos questionamentos e novos estudos.ABSTRACT: The central concern of this research was to understand the impact of the continuing education pro-literacy teaching practice from the teacher‘s needs and challenges of every day school life. We tried to know the concept that the subjects have on continuing education, addressing it as part of teaching practice, we compared the daily classroom teachers who have gone through training with Pro-Literacy did not access to such training. With respect to continuing education perceive it as a dynamic, reflective, which combines a variety of possibilities and modalities oF learning, the teacher will tailoring the training requirements to social, cultural, educational. The continuing education takes place, through reflection on own practice in the process of action-reflection-action, acquiring significance in that it develops and promotes the various teacher‘s knowledge. The research was conducted with 90 elementary school teacher‘s – Early Years – with eight coordinators accompanying teacher‘s pedagogically subject of research and observation in the classroom. Proceeded to the application of a validated questionnaire and adapted to an interview with the teachers and coordinators. The quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS, while the analysis of qualitative data was guided by discourse analysis. The research points to some conclusions regarding the importance of Continuing Education Pro- Literacy in order to enable the same changes in teaching practice and collaborated to form a reflective teacher at the same time it makes room for new questions and new studies.

Dimensões do êxito de egressos de escolas públicas no processo seletivo para o cursos de medicina da UFPE

Garantir a oferta de uma educação de qualidade nas escolas públicas de estados e municípios é um grande desafio a ser enfrentado pelo Brasil. Em se tratando da aprovação nos vestibulares para cursos superiores prestigiados socialmente, o êxito de egressos dessas instituições é difícil em qualquer universidade. Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa articula dados quantitativos para fundamentar as discussões acerca dos fatores que explicam a aprovação desses estudantes no processo seletivo para o curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [UFPE]. A fim de se realizar o estudo de caso em questão, utilizamos três instrumentos de recolha: o questionário, contendo informações pessoais e dados da formação educacional dos três egressos e de seus familiares; a entrevista semiestruturada, onde os três estudantes e seus pais tiveram a possibilidade de discorrer sobre os temas propostos; e a história de vida, através da qual um dos sujeitos retratou todo o conjunto da experiência vivida. Todo o material foi comparado e relacionado durante a análise por meio da triangulação de dados. Os nossos resultados confirmam os achados de outros trabalhos do gênero quando apontam que melhorar a qualidade da Educação Básica é essencial para que o Brasil avance na formação de mão de obra, mas, diferencia-se de alguns deles, quando sugere que, em relação aos candidatos que tentam ingressar no curso de medicina, tão importantes quanto o interesse e a mobilização do estudante e de seus pais em relação aos estudos são os investimentos em serviços de apoio pedagógico e psicológico, tanto aqueles prestados pelas escolas quanto os que são realizados em locais especializados [dependendo do caso].

Ética e orientação lacaniana

Artigo que conjuga a reflexão sobre a Ética da Psicanálise efetuada no Seminário da Antena do Campo Freudiano – Centro de Estudos de Psicanálise, em 2011-2012, com a apresentação feita em Bienos-Aires, por Jacques-Alain Miller, do tema - «A Desordem do real» - para o IX Congresso da Associação Mundial de Psicanálise.

The community museum: a space for the exercise of communal power

This paper discusses two key elements in the field of museums: a summary of the concept of the community museum, on the one hand, and, on the other, a proposal as to how this concept is put into practice, especially in the early stages of the creation of the museum, when the social basis for the project is being established. We will discuss how the community museum combines and integrates complex processes aimed at strengthening the community as a collective subject, asserting its identity, improving its quality of life and building alliances between communities. In the second part, which has a methodological focus, we will discuss how the museum is born out of community aspirations to strengthen its identity and integrity, the initial process of consensus-building, the roles of different agents, both internal and external to the community, as well as some factors that foster or prevent community appropriation. To conclude we will emphasize the potential of community museum networks as a strategy to generate a broader field of action, in which communities can exercise greater autonomy, by collectively developing and appropriating projects of regional and even international scope.

Training for museums and the National Charter for museum professions in Italy: a new prospective for development

Traditionally Italian universities have trained researchers and professionals in conservation: archaeologists, art historians and architects. It is only with the reform of the universities, from 1999, that the teaching of museology and museography have also been expanded.Italian museums are for the most part public museums, depending on local bodies or the national ministry; they lack autonomy and do not possess specific professional figures. The task of conservation has predominated over the other roles of museums, but with the reform of the conservation law in 2004 the definition of „museum‟ has been introduced in Italy as well, and regulations regarding the development of heritage have been issued; in addition the Regions have also taken on a more active role for museums belonging to local bodies and for the development of their territory.Museum professions are not officially recognised, but the museum community, through the various associations and ICOM Italia, has put together a document to act as a general reference, the National Charter of Museum Professions, which has been followed by the Manual of Museum Professions in Europe. Now there is a need to plan the content and outlines ofvocational training courses for museum professionals, together withthe universities, the regions and the museums themselves, alongwith the associations and ICOM – ICTOP, utilising the mostinnovative Master‟s courses which offer an interdisciplinaryapproach, a methodology which combines theory and practice, andan element of hands-on experimentation in museums, or withmuseums.

El peso de las ausencias (Testimonios)

El autor recuerda, desde la nostalgia por las ausencias de mayor peso, los contextos de una larga entrevista que él realizara a Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco a fines de la década de los 80 -la cual ha sido ampliamente reseñada con posterioridad. El presente artículo es una semblanza que integra diversas facetas del intelectual Pareja y del hombre que fue, reseña su temperamento y la disciplina que lo impulsaron en su vocación de autodidacta. Finalmente alude a los diversos intereses temáticos de Pareja, que rebasaron los ámbitos de lo literario y lo histórico. La propuesta del autor está marcada por la lucidez, el afecto y la nostalgia, para dar rostro al personaje «de carne y hueso», al sobreviviente del Grupo de Guayaquil que fue Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco.

The EU-EFIGE/Bruegel-unicredit dataset. Bruegel Working Paper 2012/13, October 2012

This paper describes the EU-EFIGE/Bruegel-UniCredit dataset (in short the EFIGE dataset), a database recently collected within the EFIGE project (European Firms in a Global Economy: internal policies for external competitiveness) supported by the Directorate General Research of the European Commission through its 7th Framework Programme and coordinated by Bruegel. • The database, for the first time in Europe, combines measures of firms’ international activities (eg exports, outsourcing, FDI, imports) with quantitative and qualitative information on about 150 items ranging from R&D and innovation, labour organisation, financing and organisational activities, and pricing behaviour. Data consists of a representative sample (at the country level for the manufacturing industry) of almost 15,000 surveyed firms (above 10 employees) in seven European economies (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Austria, Hungary). Data was collected in 2010, covering the years from 2007 to 2009. Special questions related to the behaviour of firms during the crisis were also included in the survey. • We illustrate the construction and usage of the dataset, capitalising on the experience of researchers who have exploited the data within the EFIGE project. Importantly, the document also reports a comprehensive set of validation measures that have been used to assess the comparability of the survey data with official statistics. A set of descriptive statistics describing the EFIGE variables within (and across) countries and industries is also provided.

A Newton method for pose refinement of 3D models

Different optimization methods can be employed to optimize a numerical estimate for the match between an instantiated object model and an image. In order to take advantage of gradient-based optimization methods, perspective inversion must be used in this context. We show that convergence can be very fast by extrapolating to maximum goodness-of-fit with Newton's method. This approach is related to methods which either maximize a similar goodness-of-fit measure without use of gradient information, or else minimize distances between projected model lines and image features. Newton's method combines the accuracy of the former approach with the speed of convergence of the latter.

A combined BIE-FE method for the Stokes equations

A numerical algorithm for the biharmonic equation in domains with piecewise smooth boundaries is presented. It is intended for problems describing the Stokes flow in the situations where one has corners or cusps formed by parts of the domain boundary and, due to the nature of the boundary conditions on these parts of the boundary, these regions have a global effect on the shape of the whole domain and hence have to be resolved with sufficient accuracy. The algorithm combines the boundary integral equation method for the main part of the flow domain and the finite-element method which is used to resolve the corner/cusp regions. Two parts of the solution are matched along a numerical ‘internal interface’ or, as a variant, two interfaces, and they are determined simultaneously by inverting a combined matrix in the course of iterations. The algorithm is illustrated by considering the flow configuration of ‘curtain coating’, a flow where a sheet of liquid impinges onto a moving solid substrate, which is particularly sensitive to what happens in the corner region formed, physically, by the free surface and the solid boundary. The ‘moving contact line problem’ is addressed in the framework of an earlier developed interface formation model which treats the dynamic contact angle as part of the solution, as opposed to it being a prescribed function of the contact line speed, as in the so-called ‘slip models’. Keywords: Dynamic contact angle; finite elements; free surface flows; hybrid numerical technique; Stokes equations.

Electrospinning atactic polystyrene: A neutron scattering study

Electrospinning is a method used to produce nanoscale to microscale sized polymer fibres. In this study we electrospin 1:1 blends of deuterated and hydrogenated atactic-Polystyrene from N,N-Dimethylformamide for small angle neutron scattering experiments in order to analyse the chain conformation in the electrospun fibres. Small angle neutron scattering was carried out on randomly orientated fibre mats obtained using applied voltages of 10kV-15kV and needle tip to collector distances of 20cm and 30cm. Fibre diameters varied from 3mm - 20mm. Neutron scattering data from fibre samples were compared with bulk samples of the same polymer blend. The scattering data indicates that there are pores and nanovoiding present in the fibres; this was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. A model that combines the scattering from the pores and the labelled polymer chains was used to extract values for the radius of gyration. The radius of gyration in the fibres is found to vary little with the applied voltage, but varies with the initial solution concentration and fibre diameter. The values for the radius of gyration in the fibres are broadly equivalent to that of the bulk state.

Embodying and destabilising disability and childhood

Young people's bodies have been at the centre of much policy and media discourse of late, forming the focal point of moral panics about obesity, substance abuse, and anti-social behaviour, to name just a few. Political responses to these issues are often focused on finding 'pragmatic' solutions based on a normative understanding of child development. This book, instead, demonstrates the contested and differentiated nature of childhood and youth embodiment. It combines the critical analysis of imagined and disciplined youthful bodies with a focus on young people's lived and performed, embodied subjectivities. Contested Bodies of Childhood and Youth points towards ways of addressing the issues that affect young people's wellbeing without criminalising and stigmatising them. It presents cutting edge interdisciplinary research in an accessible style that seeks to bridge the divide between theory and practice in research.

Local development companies and the regeneration of Britain's cities

Efforts to decentralise the pursuit of economic and social development have increased in recent years. The authors examine the rationale for establishing local development companies in areas of high unemployment and deprivation. The broad purpose is to establish a new style of organisation that combines attributes of the public and private sectors-to adapt and integrate economic and social services to meet local needs, to champion local interests in external arenas, and to act as enabling agents to promote local investment and development. These arguments are elaborated and illustrated with reference to one of Britain's most successful local development companies, Govan Initiative. The analysis reveals important strengths of the Initiative, including its action orientation, commitment to quality, and a local leadership role, but also certain weaknesses including its limited leverage over wider policies and resource flows. Local development companies need meaningful commitment from regional and national public organisations to fulfil their potential.

A contour-advective semi-lagrangian numerical algorithm for simulating fine-scale conservative dynamical fields

This paper describes a novel numerical algorithm for simulating the evolution of fine-scale conservative fields in layer-wise two-dimensional flows, the most important examples of which are the earth's atmosphere and oceans. the algorithm combines two radically different algorithms, one Lagrangian and the other Eulerian, to achieve an unexpected gain in computational efficiency. The algorithm is demonstrated for multi-layer quasi-geostrophic flow, and results are presented for a simulation of a tilted stratospheric polar vortex and of nearly-inviscid quasi-geostrophic turbulence. the turbulence results contradict previous arguments and simulation results that have suggested an ultimate two-dimensional, vertically-coherent character of the flow. Ongoing extensions of the algorithm to the generally ageostrophic flows characteristic of planetary fluid dynamics are outlined.