Le processus décisionnel sous-jacent à la rétroaction corrective des enseignants de français langue seconde à l'oral

L’objectif de cette étude qualitative est de décrire et de comprendre le processus décisionnel sous-jacent à la rétroaction corrective d’un enseignant de langue seconde à l’oral. Pour ce faire, elle décrit les principaux facteurs qui influencent la décision de procéder à une rétroaction corrective ainsi que ceux qui sous-tendent le choix d’une technique de rétroaction particulière. Trois enseignantes de français langue seconde auprès d’un public d’adultes immigrants au Canada ont participé à cette recherche. Des séquences complètes d’enseignement ont été filmées puis présentées aux participantes qui ont commenté leur pratique. L’entretien de verbalisation s’est effectué sous la forme d’un rappel stimulé et d’une entrevue. Cet entretien constitue les données de cette étude. Les résultats ont révélé que la rétroaction corrective ainsi que le choix de la technique employée étaient influencés par des facteurs relatifs à l’erreur, à l’apprenant, au curriculum, à l’enseignant et aux caractéristiques des techniques. Ils ont également révélé que l’apprenant est au cœur du processus décisionnel rétroactif des enseignants de langue seconde. En effet, les participantes ont affirmé vouloir s’adapter à son fonctionnement cognitif, à son état affectif, à son niveau de langue et à la récurrence de ses erreurs. L’objectif de cette étude est d’enrichir le domaine de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants de L2. Pour cela, des implications pédagogiques ont été envisagées et la recommandation a été faite de porter à la connaissance des enseignants de L2 les résultats des recherches sur l’efficacité des techniques de rétroaction corrective, particulièrement celles qui prennent en compte les caractéristiques des apprenants.

Étudiants et apprenants de catalan en Catalogne du nord : écho du conflit diglossique espagnol

Dans le département des Pyrénées orientales, nombreux sont ceux qui apprennent le catalan, langue régionale aux côtés du français. Cet espace géographique plurilingue se rattache à l’entité plus vaste de la Catalogne, berceau de conflits diglossique virulents, au coeur de revendications d’autonomie qui secouent le climat politique actuel en Espagne. Cet article rend compte d’une enquête réalisée dans le cadre du projet «Représentations des langues et des identités en Méditerranée en contexte plurilingue» (EA 739 Dipralang). Il s’agit de mettre en évidence les représentations du catalan et du français chez les apprenants de catalan, qu’ils soient locuteurs natifs, étudiants à l’université, dans les filières spécifiques ou comme option, ou encore qu’ils se destinent à l’enseigner dans les classes bilingues. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces représentations diffèrent en fonction de l’implication dans la diglossie français-catalan et qu’elles sont un écho au conflit linguistique propre à la Catalogne. Pour la vérifier, nous utilisons la méthode d’analyse combinée mise au point par Bruno Maurer.

O experimentalismo na produção de documentos animados

Publicação bilingue, em português e em inglês, do II Simpósio Arte e Animação, organizado pela Casa da Animação, Porto, 30 abril/1 maio 2004, com textos e entrevistas dos intervenientes convidados: Keith Griffiths (Illuminations Television); Peter Dougherty (MTV Europe); Clare Kitson (Channel Four). Bilingual edition, in Portuguese and English, on the occasion of the II Symposium on Art and Animation, organized by Casa da Animação, Porto, April 30 / May 1, 2004, with texts and interviews of invited keynote speakers: Keith Griffiths (Illuminations Television); Peter Dougherty (MTV Europe); Clare Kitson (Channel Four).

Impacto de la resiliencia en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide

Introducción: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune-inflamatoria, que compromete las articulaciones diartrodiales. Tiene una importante repercusión sistémica que incluye la depresión; por lo tanto, tiene un severo impacto sobre la calidad de vida. Es posible que mecanismos de defensa, tales como la resiliencia, puedan amortiguar dicho impacto. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal, multicéntrico (análisis inicial dentro del grupo AR, con muestra no probabilística de 66 pacientes, posterior selección aleatoria simple de 16 pacientes de la muestra inicial y selección de 16 individuos sanos pareados). Posteriormente, se comparó la resiliencia entre sujetos con AR y sujetos sanos, mediante las escalas RS y CD-RISC25. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron las escalas EEAE, EADZ, SF-36 y PANAS. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, las pruebas U Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis, T de Student y análisis de varianza. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en las estrategias de afrontamiento no espirituales en grupos de resiliencia baja, media y alta; diferencias en las medianas de resiliencia en los grupos de depresión por EAZD en los pacientes. No se encontraron resultados significativos en las variables clínicas de la AR ni en la comparación con sujetos sanos. Conclusiones: el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento no espirituales y la ausencia de depresión, se asoció a mayores niveles de resiliencia en los pacientes con AR, por lo cual, los componentes emocionales y cognitivos se asocian a la resiliencia.

The role of anglers' perceptions and habits in biological invasions: perspectives from the Iberian Peninsula

Anglers are a recognized vector for invasive fauna, with both intentional and accidental introductions reported worldwide. * The purpose of this study was to investigate the Iberian freshwater angler's habits and perceptions related to biological invasions, using an international and bilingual survey in Spain and Portugal. * The results showed that anglers from both countries cover great distances to fish, and that they commonly visit several places and fish during consecutive days, representing a major risk for invasions. Yet, anglers' activity patterns throughout the year are not constant: the summer months involve more intense activity and, hence, entail higher risk. * In both countries, the preferred fish species were invasive, and their introductions were reported more often than native species, with motivations being country-dependent. * The use of live bait was not frequent, but sometimes invasive species were used and the release of unused bait in the water was reported very frequently. * Most anglers recognize that introductions have environmental impacts and that anglers have an active role in intentional introductions. However, only a minority is aware of the angler's role in accidental transportation of invasive species. * These findings on anglers' behaviour patterns and perceptions may be used to model invasion risks and also improve monitoring and awareness programmes led by government agencies.

The role of angler’s perceptions and habits in biological invasions: Perspectives from Iberian Peninsula

1. Anglers are a recognized vector for invasive fauna, with both intentional and accidental introductions reported worldwide. 2. The purpose of this study 2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Iberian freshwater angler’s habits and perceptions related to biological invasions, using an international and bilingual survey in Spain and Portugal. 3. The results showed that anglers from both countries cover great distances to fish, and that they commonly visit several places and fish during consecutive days, representing a major risk for invasions. Yet, anglers’ activity patterns throughout the year are not constant: the summer months involve more intense activity and, hence, entail higher risk. 4. In both countries, the preferred fish species were invasive, and their introductions were reported more often than native species, with motivations being country-dependent. 5. The use of live bait was not frequent, but sometimes invasive species were used and the release of unused bait in the water was reported very frequently. 6. Most anglers recognize that introductions have environmental impacts and that anglers have an active role in intentional introductions. However, only a minority is aware of the angler’s role in accidental transportation of invasive species. 7. These findings on anglers’ behaviour patterns and perceptions may be used to model invasion risks and also improve monitoring and awareness programmes led by government agencies.

Aprendizaje de la escritura en lengua no materna: Casos de niños tarahumaras

Recibido 01 de diciembre de 2010 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 19 de abril de 2011   Resumen. Esta investigación analiza el desarrollo de la escritura en español de niños indígenas tarahumaras bilingües (del Estado de Chihuahua, México), desde varias perspectivas: la psicogenética, relacionada con el avance en el proceso de construcción del sistema de escritura de los niños investigados; la social, mediante al análisis del contexto familiar, cultural y el entorno del asentamiento de convivencia de los mismos; y la pedagógica, aunque más breve, a través del ambiente áulico dentro de dos escuelas muy diferentes: una regular y otra indígena. El planteamiento central de la investigación giró en torno a la percepción de los múltiples factores que se relacionan con el aprendizaje de la escritura, en un intento de escudriñar analíticamente los elementos posibles de afectación en el proceso referido. La metodología cualitativa utilizada posibilitó, mediante el estudio de casos, la observación, la entrevista, la videograbación y el análisis de los cuadernos de los niños, percibir situaciones y rescatar evidencias que, mediante el estudio transversal de eventos, personas y contextos, dieron como resultado interpretaciones sobre los factores sociales, culturales, cognitivos y pedagógicos que se percibieron asociados al aprendizaje de la escritura de una lengua que no es la materna, en niños indígenas migrantes establecidos en un medio distinto al de sus ancestros. Se atiende principalmente a la hipótesis de que, en las circunstancias de los casos estudiados, es más conveniente que aprendan a escribir primero en su segunda lengua y, posteriormente, en la materna, si así lo requieren.

Maleku: A Culture in Danger of Extinction

This paper is about the Maleku, one of the indigenous languages that is still alive in the country; though the linguistic community that uses it, composed of less than 400 people, tends to reduce rapidly. There is a high risk that in the near future this language will disappear. This paper is the result of a research project that proposes the construction and implementation of learning strategies that would help to include the customs, traditions and the native language of the Malekus in the schools, to strengthen the identity and culture of this Costa Rican indigenous population.The research project includes a brief overview of the history and problems of the indigenous Maleku population, and an analysis on the importance of the language and oral expression. It also makes a review of how the indigenous languages in Costa Rican schools are currently taught. It later includes a diagnosis of the current situation of language from the perspective of different members of the Maleku community. This diagnosis is based on the research conducted and it will facilitate focusing on the integration of the Maleku and rural curriculums. Finally, there are some reflections about the bilingual intercultural education.

Developing a large scale FrameNet for Italian - The IFrameNet experience

In this thesis we present the development and the current status of the IFrameNet project, aimed at the construction of a large-scale lexical semantic resource for the Italian language based on Frame Semantics theories. We will begin by contextualizing our work in the wider context of Frame Semantics and of the FrameNet project, which, since 1997, has attempted to apply these theories to lexicography. We will then analyse and discuss the applicability of the structure of the American resource to Italian and more specifically we will focus on the domain of fear, worry, and anxiety. We will finally propose some modifications aimed at improving this domain of the resource in relation to its coherence, its ability to accurately represent the linguistic reality and in particular in order to make it possible to apply it to Italian.

Translanguaging in linguistic mediation

Translanguaging is quite common both in bilingual conversation and in interpreted discourse and poses challenges that mediators need to address in their work, training, and in the theoretical study of this activity. The impact of translanguaging on communication is very significant and affects the nature and workings of conversational exchanges, the identity of multilinguals, and the concept of language. This paper will examine how this plays a role in interaction and, specifically, in interpreter-mediated communication, arguing that linguistic and cultural mediation should consider such multilingual practices.

La traduzione audiovisiva per Concorto Film Festival: proposta di sottotitolaggio di due cortometraggi

The idea behind this thesis stems from the internship in translation and subtitling performed from April to August 2021 for the international short film festival Concorto Film Festival. This internship program provides selected students with the opportunity to put the translation skills acquired in their bachelor’s degree to the test, by adapting them to the needs of audiovisual translation. Film directors provide files with English subtitles, which interns turn into new, bilingual (ita-eng) subtitle files with the software Subtitle Workshop. The new bilingual files are eventually used for the screening of the films and need therefore to comply with the guidelines established by Concorto Film Festival. Using as a case study the subtitles created for the two German short films “Der natürliche Tod der Maus” (“The Natural Death of a Mouse”) (2020) by Katharina Huber and “Wenn ich tanze, wackelt die Welt” (“When I Dance, the Earth Trembles”) (2020) by Otto Lazić-Reuschel, this thesis examines subtitling as an application of the practice of translation. The first chapter introduces Concorto Film Festival, the two selected short films and their directors. The second chapter briefly introduces audiovisual translation and describes the needs and features of subtitling. The third chapter analyses the strategies that have been adopted to solve the technical problems mentioned in the second chapter and the translative problems posed by linguistic and cultural elements. Finally, the file attached to this thesis includes the Italian and English subtitles of the two short films and the transcript of the original German audio.