Techniques to Improve the word alignments in Statistical Machine Translation from English to Malayalam

In Statistical Machine Translation from English to Malayalam, an unseen English sentence is translated into its equivalent Malayalam translation using statistical models like translation model, language model and a decoder. A parallel corpus of English-Malayalam is used in the training phase. Word to word alignments has to be set up among the sentence pairs of the source and target language before subjecting them for training. This paper is deals with the techniques which can be adopted for improving the alignment model of SMT. Incorporating the parts of speech information into the bilingual corpus has eliminated many of the insignificant alignments. Also identifying the name entities and cognates present in the sentence pairs has proved to be advantageous while setting up the alignments. Moreover, reduction of the unwanted alignments has brought in better training results. Experiments conducted on a sample corpus have generated reasonably good Malayalam translations and the results are verified with F measure, BLEU and WER evaluation metrics

THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF POETRY FROM HINDI T0 ENGLISH wITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE TRANSLATION OF ‘RAMACHARlTMANAS‘, ‘THE RAMAYANA OF THULSIDAS

HINDI

The English novel in the time of Shakespeare

The rise of the English novel needs rethinking after it has been confined to the "formal realism" of Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding (Watt, 1957), to "antecedents, forerunners" (Schlauch, 1968; Klein, 1970) or to mere "prose fiction" (McKillop, 1951; Davis, Richetti, 1969; Fish, 1971; Salzman, 1985; Kroll, 1998). My paper updates a book by Jusserand under the same title (1890) by proving that the social and moral history of the long prose genre admits no strict separation of "novel" and "romance", as both concepts are intertwined in most fiction (Cuddon, Preston, 1999; Mayer, 2000). The rise of the novel, seen in its European context, mainly in France and Spain (Kirsch, 1986), and equally in England, was due to the melting of the nobility and high bourgeoisie into a "meritocracy", or to its failure, to become the new bearer of the national culture, around 1600. (Brink, 1998). My paper will concentrate on Euphues (1578), a negative romance, Euphues and His England (1580), a novel of manners, both by Lyly; Arcadia (1590-93) by Sidney, a political roman à clef in the disguise of a Greek pastoral romance; The Unfortunate Traveller (1594) by Nashe, the first English picaresque novel, and on Jack of Newbury (1596-97) by Deloney, the first English bourgeois novel. My analysis of the central values in these novels will prove a transition from the aristocratic cardinal virtues of WISDOM, JUSTICE, COURAGE, and HONOUR to the bourgeois values of CLEVERNESS, FAIR PLAY, INDUSTRY, and VIRGINITY. A similar change took place from the Christian virtues of LOVE, FAITH, HOPE to business values like SERVICE, TRUST, and OPTIMISM. Thus, the legacy of history proves that the main concepts of the novel of manners, of political romance, of picaresque and middle-class fiction were all developed in the time of Shakespeare.

Practice english and music with songs and games

Cuaderno de trabajo dirigido a alumnos de Ense??anza Primaria que puede ser utilizado como material de apoyo y complementario. Se presenta un total de 22 unidades organizadas en dos partes: la primera presenta la canci??n o rima y la segunda una partitura con la melod??a. Se incluye un cap??tulo dedicado a la autoevaluaci??n con un total de 100 preguntas y otro dedicado al vocabulario. Se complementa este trabajo con un CD cuyo objetivo es combinar el aprendizaje y la pr??ctica del idioma ingl??s con el uso de las nuevas tecnolog??as.

Find out in English. 'Descubre en inglés'.

Materiales didácticos (guías didácticas y manuales para profesores) del proyecto titulado 'Find out in English' que aúna varios objetivos a través de la utilización de diferentes disciplinas que convergen para lograr un mejor conocimiento del patrimonio histórico-artístico regional, mediante la utilización, como vehículo, de una lengua extranjera. La explotación didáctica de los materiales se realiza en tres fases. La primera que se basa en el tratamiento en el aula de los contenidos y procedimientos, la segunda, que consiste en la visita a diversos museos de la región en los que se asiste a una dramatización en lengua inglesa que supone un acercamiento histórico a los fondos de los museos visitados y la tercera que pretende consolidar los conocimientos adquiridos en las dos anteriores mediante actividades y juegos diversos. Los museos son el Medina Siyasa (Cieza - Murcia) y el Salzillo (Murcia).

Verb Classes and Alternations in Bangla, German, English, and Korean

In this report, we investigate the relationship between the semantic and syntactic properties of verbs. Our work is based on the English Verb Classes and Alternations of (Levin, 1993). We explore how these classes are manifested in other languages, in particular, in Bangla, German, and Korean. Our report includes a survey and classification of several hundred verbs from these languages into the cross-linguistic equivalents of Levin's classes. We also explore ways in which our findings may be used to enhance WordNet in two ways: making the English syntactic information of WordNet more fine-grained, and making WordNet multilingual.

English social science units for primary : 3rd level.

El CEIP Manuel Pérez de Bollullos Par del Condado (Huelva) ha recibido el Primer Premio de Páginas Web Educativas de la Junta de Andalucía, y ha sido galardonado con la Medalla de Oro al Mérito Educativo

eCAT-Listening : Design and psychometric properties of a computerized adaptive test on English Listening

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

English vocabulary teaching and learning strategies in Secondary Education

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Experience in introduction of English terminology in engineering lessons: methodology and evaluation

This communication explains a experience for the introduction of English terminology in a technical degree of higher education. We present the methodology and assessment procedures used to evaluate the way the students perceived the introduction of terminology in English in two different subjects from 3rd and 5th year courses of a Computer Science degree in which English was not the vehicular language. We propose a strategy based on two main pillars, namely: 1) The design of materials, explanations, and exams, paying particular attention to the way in which the specific terminology was exposed to the students, and 2) The assessment of the impact in the students by means of the analysis of the feedback trough a set of enquiries. Our experience showed that the students responded very positively to the introduction of English terminology, and presented an affirmative feedback about the impact that an improvement of their linguistic abilities would have in their future work. Further, we present statistics regarding the use of English as the vehicular language for technical reports, which is envisaged as very useful by the students. Finally, we propose a set of questions for further debate which are centered in the role that English terminology should pay in technical degrees, and about the way in which universities should deploy resources in English languages within the different Syllabus

Response to instruction, English language learners and disproportionate representation : The role of assessment

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

NETTLE Reference Framework for Educational Development, in English, Spanish and French

The framework was developed in response to feedback from partner institutions around Europe.

Playing with English : acercar el Inglés al ciclo medio.

El proyecto acerca el Inglés a los niños del ciclo medio de una manera lúdica, haciendo especial énfasis en los aspectos comunicativos del lenguaje, con la intención de disminuir el fracaso que presenta el segundo idioma en el ciclo superior, y en el interés que pueda despertar por el conocimiento de otras culturas. 27 alumnos de tercero de EGB han recibido una iniciación al Inglés, básicamente oral, con las estructuras básicas referidas a sus intereses más inmediatos. La experiencia no puede evaluarse globalmente después de un solo curso, pues se considera que es al final del ciclo cuando pueden apreciarse los resultados.

Creating an english magazine. 'Creación de una revista en inglés'.

Proyecto realizado en el Colegio Público Dobra, en colaboración con otros Centros de la zona: Colegios Públicos Pancho Cossío, Manuel Liaño y Agustín Riancho, todos ellos del Municipio de Torrelavega, siendo los objetivos principales: la realización de una pequeña revista escolar en inglés, utilización en el aula de los recursos creados, ampliación del número de oportunidades de comunicación de cada alumno, la puesta en contacto a través del entorno linguístico inglés a los profesores y alumnos participantes, conseguir una utilización práctica del inglés en una situación de comunicación real, favoreciendo el multilingüismo. A lo largo del curso escolar, se han editado siete números de la revista de inglés, elaborados por los alumnos de segundo y tercer cíclo de los Centros participantes. La evaluación del trabajo ha sido muy positiva.

English Corners : una experi??ncia d'aprenentatge l??dic de l'angl??s a l'escola rural. 'English Corners : una experiencia de aprendizaje l??dico del ingl??s en la escuela rural'

Actividad l??dica dirigida a todos los alumnos de ciclo medio de la zona escolar rural de Poblet; est?? basada en el aprendizaje del ingl??s organizada por rincones para realizar actividades diversas como canciones, juegos, expresi??n y compresi??n oral y escrita.