Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta A(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), reduces neutrophil migration via a nitric oxide pathway

Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), such as 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) have been implicated as a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds with possible clinical applications. Based on this concept, this investigation was designed to determine the effect of 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated activation of PPAR-gamma ligand on neutrophil migration after an inflammatory stimulus and clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms using a mouse model of peritonitis. Our results demonstrated that 15d-PGJ(2) administration decreases leukocyte rolling and adhesion to the inflammated mesenteric tissues by a mechanism dependent on NO. Specifically, pharmacological inhibitors of NO synthase remarkably abrogated the 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration to the inflammatory site. Moreover, inducible NOS(-/-) mice were not susceptible to 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration to the inflammatory sites when compared with their wild type. In addition, 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration appeared to be independent of the production of cytokines and chemokines, since their production were not significantly affected in the carrageenan-injected peritoneal cavities. Finally, up-regulation of carrageenan-triggered ICAM-I expression in the mesenteric microcirculation vessels was abrogated by pretreatment of wild-type mice with 15d-PGJ(2), whereas 15d-PGJ(2) inhibited F-actin rearrangement process in neutrophils. Taken together these findings demonstrated that 15d-PGJ(2) suppresses inflammation-initiated neutrophil migration in a mechanism dependent on NO production in mesenteric tissues.

Regeneration of the Corneal Epithelium after Debridement of its Central Region: An Autoradiographic Study on Rabbits

Purpose: To investigate the proliferative behavior of the corneal and limbal epithelia after debridement on the central region of the rabbit cornea. Methods: After scraping a circular epithelial area, 5 mm in diameter, in the center of the cornea, (3)H-thymidine ((3)H-TdR) was injected intravitreally, and the rabbits killed from 1 to 49 days afterward. The cornea, together with the adjacent conjunctiva, was processed for autoradiography. Results: The regenerating epithelium at the center of the cornea exhibited high frequencies of labeled nuclei when compared to controls. The mitotic indexes for the limbus were comparable in experimental and control eyes. The unique basal stratum of the limbal epithelium exhibited quick proliferation and vertical migration in all eyes. Cells that remained labeled for four weeks or more were observed throughout the corneal epithelium, including its basal stratum, and this did not depend on epithelial damage. Conclusion: Corneal epithelium wounds are healed by sliding and proliferation of cells surrounding the epithelial gap without any evidence for the participation of the limbal epithelium. Daughter cells labeled with (3)H-TdR were visualized in all layers of the corneal epithelium up to 7 weeks after the DNA precursor injection. However, at this long interval, the only labeled cells in the limbus were in the suprabasal layers.

Vitamin E and tannic acid improve DNA damage in rats submitted chronic ethanol administration

Purpose - Chronic ethanol consumption induces lipid peroxidation by increasing free radicals or reducing antioxidants and may increase damage to hepatic DNA. Tannins are polyphenolic metabolites present in various plants and one of their effects is antioxidant activity that reduces lipoperoxidation, as is the case for vitamin E. This paper aims to assess the role of tannic acid and vitamin E in lipid peroxidation and in DNA damage in rats receiving ethanol. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 60 Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control + ethanol (0-24hs), tannic acid + ethanol (0-24 hs), and vitamin E + ethanol (0-24 hs). The animals were sacrificed immediately (0 hour) or 24 hours after a period of four weeks of ethanol administration and the following measurements were made: plasma vitamin E and liver glutathione, thiobarbituric acid resistant substances, and a-tocopherol. The comet test was also applied to hepatocytes. Findings - Ethanol administration led to an increase in DNA damage (148.67 +/- 15.45 versus 172.63 +/- 18.94) during a period of 24 hours which was not detected in the groups receiving tannic acid or vitamin E. Steatosis was lower in the groups receiving tannic acid. Originality/value - The paper highlights that antioxidant role of vitamin E and of tannic acid in biological systems submitted to oxidative stress should be reevaluated, especially regarding the protective role of tannic acid against hepatic steatosis.

Polymerization stress of resin composites as a function of system compliance

Objectives. Evaluate the effect of testing system compliance on polymerization stress and stress distribution of composites. Methods. Composites tested were Filtek Z250 (FZ), Herculite (HL), Tetric Ceram (TC), Helio Fill-AP (HF) and Heliomolar (HM). Stress was determined in 1-mm thick specimens, inserted between two rods of either poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, or glass. Experimental nominal stress (sigma(exp)) was calculated by dividing the maximum force recorded 5 min after photoactivation by the cross-sectional area of the rod. Composites` elastic modulus (E) was obtained by three-point bending. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA/Tukey`s test (alpha = 0.05). Stress distribution on longitudinal (sigma(y)) and transverse (sigma(x)) axes of models representing the composites with the highest and lowest E (FZ and HM, respectively) were evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). Results. sigma(exp) ranged from 5.5 to 8.8 MPa in glass and from 2.6 to 3.4 MPa in PMMA. Composite ranking was not identical in both substrates, since FZ showed or sigma(exp) statistically higher than HM in glass, while in PMMA FZ showed values similar to the other composites. A strong correlation was found between stress reduction (%) from glass to PMMA and composite`s E (r(2) = 0.946). FEA revealed that system compliance was influenced by the composite (FZ led to higher compliance than HM). sigma(x) distribution was similar in both substrates, while cry distribution showed larger areas of compressive stresses in specimens built on PMMA. Significance. sigma(exp) determined in PMMA was 53-68% lower than in glass. Composite ranking varied slightly due to differences in substrates` longitudinal and transverse deformation. (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Early reoperation for acute dysphagia following laparoscopic fundoplication

Background: A small number of patients develop acute severe dysphagia for which reoperation is necessary within 10 days of laparoscopic fundoplication. The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables that might predict the likelihood of this condition occurring, such that it could be avoided in the future. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study from three tertiary referral centres, using reoperation for acute dysphagia as the main outcome variable. Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, and psychological well-being index questionnaires were undertaken before laparoscopic fundoplication, and dysphagia scores were determined before operation and 1 year later. Standard preoperative assessment included gastroscopy, oesophageal manometry and pH studies. Results: Twelve (1.9 per cent) of the 617 patients suffered acute dysphagia, which was predicted by older age and female sex, and resulted in a longer duration of hospital stay. This condition was not predicted by any other demographic, clinical, investigative or operative variables. Conclusions: The study did not identify useful criteria by which severe acute dysphagia could be anticipated and thereby avoided following laparoscopic fundoplication.

Sistema integrado de passagens e di??rias: SIPAD

O Sistema Integrado de Passagens e Di??rias (SIPAD), foi concebido no conceito de integra????o de dados e utiliza uma base de dados ??nica que evita o retrabalho e a inconsist??ncia de informa????es. O sistema tem por objetivo tornar mais ??gil, transparente e desburocratizado o processo de solicita????o, gerenciamento e controle de passagens e di??rias no ??mbito do Minist??rio da Sa??de. O SIPAD permite, em tempo real, o atendimento dos pedidos de viagens mediante requisi????es eletr??nicas com alto grau de confiabilidade e seguran??a. O sistema permite ainda o controle f??sico e a gest??o financeira de todos os pedidos de viagem; o c??lculo autom??tico de valores de di??rias inclusive em moeda estrangeira; o acompanhamento de trechos de viagens e conex??es internacionais com indica????o dos aeroportos; o controle e presta????o de contas de viagens; o desconto autom??tico do valor do vale refei????o por UF. A seguran??a do SIPAD ?? garantida por sistema que permite acessos escalonados por n??veis de senha , a partir de perfis previamente definidos. No SIPAD pode-se realizar consultas on line e emiss??o automatizada de relat??rios operacionais e gerenciais com interface gr??fica. Os resultados ap??s a implanta????o , em 01/07/99, j?? causam impactos significativos. A economia estimada para o ano 2000, apenas em uma unidade gestora do Minist??rio, ?? de redu????o de 113.606 folhas de papel; elimina????o de 23.346 etiquetas; elimina????o de 40.468 assinaturas de gestores e ordenadores de despesa; elimina????o de 58.369 procedimentos de carimbo em pap??is; elimina????o de 11.673 registros de controle e 58.459 tramita????es de documentos

Experi??ncias de avalia????o de desempenho na Administra????o P??blica Federal

Estudo que apresenta e analisa, com base na literatura recente sobre o tema, os diferentes sistemas de avalia????o de desempenho adotados por institui????es da Administra????o P??blica Federal, considerando as diversas etapas do processo e os seus principais desafios.

Origens e fundamentos da carreira de gestor governamental

O presente artigo ?? uma atualiza????o de um documento apresentado pelo autor em semin??rio da carreira de Especialista em Pol??ticas P??blicas e Gest??o Governamental realizado no ano de 1998, no contexto da retomada do recrutamento e sele????o mediante concurso p??blico para a carreira e a presen??a de novas turmas de gestores, ap??s oito anos de interrup????o. O texto teve como objetivo oferecer aos novos gestores uma vis??o hist??rica das origens da carreira no contexto da redemocratiza????o do Pa??s na d??cada de 1980, bem como dos fundamentos legais sobre os quais se assentaram a sua cria????o. O artigo aborda tamb??m as contradi????es surgidas no per??odo p??s-constituinte com a interrup????o do processo de moderniza????o e profissionaliza????o da administra????o p??blica (iniciado no governo da Nova Rep??blica e cujas principais diretrizes foram incorporadas no texto da Constitui????o de 1988). O autor aborda os problemas surgidos com a n??o regulamenta????o do texto constitucional relativamente ao novo sistema de carreiras e a sobreviv??ncia da estrutura arcaica e ultrapassada do Plano de Classifica????o de Cargos da Lei n?? 5.645, de 1970, bem como seus impactos sobre a carreira de gestores governamentais. O autor reafirma no texto sua convic????o na retomada do processo de profissionaliza????o da administra????o p??blica em futuro pr??ximo e o papel da carreira nesse contexto. Por fim, ?? abordada a necessidade da elabora????o de um novo regulamento para a carreira, bem como, a necessidade da retomada da forma????o dos integrantes da carreira nos moldes originais, isto ??, de um mestrado profissional de altos estudos em gest??o governamental.

Ambulatory blood pressure and Doppler echocardiographic indexes of borderline hypertensive men presenting an exaggerated blood pressure response during dynamic exercise

Borderline hypertension (BH) has been associated with an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response during laboratory stressors. However, the incidence of target organ damage in this condition and its relation to BP hyperreactivity is an unsettled issue. Thus, we assessed the Doppler echocardiographic profile of a group of BH men (N = 36) according to office BP measurements with exaggerated BP in the cycloergometric test. A group of normotensive men (NT, N = 36) with a normal BP response during the cycloergometric test was used as control. To assess vascular function and reactivity, all subjects were submitted to the cold pressor test. Before Doppler echocardiography, the BP profile of all subjects was evaluated by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. All subjects from the NT group presented normal monitored levels of BP. In contrast, 19 subjects from the original BH group presented normal monitored BP levels and 17 presented elevated monitored BP levels. In the NT group all Doppler echocardiographic indexes were normal. All subjects from the original BH group presented normal left ventricular mass and geometrical pattern. However, in the subjects with elevated monitored BP levels, fractional shortening was greater, isovolumetric relaxation time longer, and early to late flow velocity ratio was reduced in relation to subjects from the original BH group with normal monitored BP levels (P<0.05). These subjects also presented an exaggerated BP response during the cold pressor test. These results support the notion of an integrated pattern of cardiac and vascular adaptation during the development of hypertension.

Success factors of regional airports: the case of Oporto airport

Oporto Airport (OPO) is a success story among European regional airports. This success is expressed, among other ways, in the rapid expansion of routes and the strong growth in demand, as well as in the recognition of the airport’s quality by its users. Over the past decade, the volume of traffic increased by almost 3.4 million passengers, from the 2.6 million recorded in 2002 to over 6 million in 2012. In this paper, we analyse some of the factors that influenced the success of Oporto Airport, namely the expansion of capacity and improvements to infrastructure, the increase in the number of routes and the increased demand in response to the new capacities of this airport-airlines set. Particular emphasis is given to the role of low cost carriers (LCC) in the growth of Oporto Airport and to strategies of attracting more traffic. Some of the main opportunities and challenges that this airport will face in the coming years are also discussed.

O desenho como processo de construção pessoal - O livro de atividades para adultos como forma de incentivar a prática do desenho

A presente dissertação pretende demonstrar de que forma o livro de actividades que desenvolvemos como objecto de estudo para este trabalho, contribui para fomentar a prática do desenho e contribui para o leitor melhor se conhecer e a melhor conhecer o que o rodeia. Tendo em conta que o livro de actividades apresentado tem como objectivo principal incentivar o leitor a um registo diário do desenho, tivemos como referência, por serem exemplos paradigmáticos, diários gráficos de diferentes artistas que, apesar de distintos, têm em comum o facto de representarem processos artísticos que antecederam e acompanharam determinada obra, vivências e/ou pensamentos intrínsecos ao carácter auto-reflexivo e auto-biográfico deste tipo de registos.

Orientação para o mercado externo: o refinamento de uma escala de mensuração

O presente estudo consiste em um survey exploratório de corte transversal único, realizado com 617 empresas exportadoras brasileiras, desenvolvido com o objetivo de validar, no Brasil, uma escala de orientação para o mercado externo. Utilizou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais como base para a análise estatística dos dados coletados. Duas escalas de mensuração de orientação para o mercado serviram de referência para o estudo - a escala de orientação para o mercado externo de Cadogan, Diamantopoulos e Mortanges (1999) e a escala de orientação para o mercado de Matsuno, Mentzer e Rentz (2000b). A escala resultante - um modelo híbrido, unindo indicadores das duas escalas citadas, mas principalmente alicerçada sobre o modelo de Cadogan et al. (1999) - demonstrou resultados confiáveis e apresenta-se como um modelo válido para mensurar o grau de orientação para o mercado externo das organizações exportadoras brasileiras.

Pesquisa e produção científica em economia da saúde no Brasil

Este artigo elabora um diagnóstico sobre a área de economia da saúde (ES) no Brasil, a partir de inquérito enfocando os grupos de pesquisa em ES cadastrados no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e de um levantamento da produção científica brasileira em ES, publicado entre janeiro de 1999 e junho de 2004 e disponibilizado na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Bireme (Paho/WHO). Os dados foram descritos considerando regiões geográficas, tipos de instituições e áreas temáticas de pesquisa. Dos grupos de pesquisa com trabalhos relacionados às áreas temáticas em ES, 48 apresentam ampla diversidade de atuação e concentram-se na região Sudeste do país. Apenas 14% (376) das 2.617 publicações avaliadas se relacionam à ES. A maioria dos estudos foi publicada em 2002 e apresenta como principais temas: gestão, financiamento, eficiência alocativa e eqüidade na distribuição de recursos de saúde. A análise permite identificar aspectos importantes para compreender o desenvolvimento do campo da ES no Brasil, entre 1999 e 2004.

Branca de Neve e as imagens no escuro

Partindo de uma referência aos filmes Branca de Neve de João César Monteiro e O Quarto da Vanda de Pedro Costa, este texto procura reflectir sobre o que o cinema acrescenta aos filmes. Ou seja, se o cinema não é um meio neutro de simples narração de histórias ou de documentos sociais e pessoais, como é que ele se manifesta para além da «linguagem» da indústria e do seu autor? O que este texto pretende fazer sobressair é a importância da montagem e do som numa arte que ficou associada à imagem em movimento. Neste sentido, o texto é também uma panorâmica sobre algumas propostas teóricas sobre esses dois conceitos.

Para além do jogo e da arte

Partindo das ancestrais definições que a vida é um jogo e que a vida imita a arte, tentámos aqui delinear o que se representa no jogo e na arte e que afinidades espaciais nos podem levar a uma explicação ontológica. Das gravuras e pinturas rupestres à arte dos nossos dias é no errar, no jogo e na linguagem que se faz o humano, ficando sempre enigmático o que a mão traça e as faculdades coordenam. Mas só na evidência de sermos nós o Jogo o enigma cessaria.