The UK MPharm (1) - are we over reliant on traditional teaching methods?

Introduction-The design of the UK MPharm curriculum is driven by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) accreditation process and the EU directive (85/432/EEC).[1] Although the RPSGB is informed about teaching activity in UK Schools of Pharmacy (SOPs), there is no database which aggregates information to provide the whole picture of pharmacy education within the UK. The aim of the teaching, learning and assessment study [2] was to document and map current programmes in the 16 established SOPs. Recent developments in programme delivery have resulted in a focus on deep learning (for example, through problem based learning approaches) and on being more student centred and less didactic through lectures. The specific objectives of this part of the study were (a) to quantify the content and modes of delivery of material as described in course documentation and (b) having categorised the range of teaching methods, ask students to rate how important they perceived each one for their own learning (using a three point Likert scale: very important, fairly important or not important). Material and methods-The study design compared three datasets: (1) quantitative course document review, (2) qualitative staff interview and (3) quantitative student self completion survey. All 16 SOPs provided a set of their undergraduate course documentation for the year 2003/4. The documentation variables were entered into Excel tables. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to all year four undergraduates, using a pragmatic mixture of methods, (n=1847) in 15 SOPs within Great Britain. The survey data were analysed (n=741) using SPSS, excluding non-UK students who may have undertaken part of their studies within a non-UK university. Results and discussion-Interviews showed that individual teachers and course module leaders determine the choice of teaching methods used. Content review of the documentary evidence showed that 51% of the taught element of the course was delivered using lectures, 31% using practicals (includes computer aided learning) and 18% small group or interactive teaching. There was high uniformity across the schools for the first three years; variation in the final year was due to the project. The average number of hours per year across 15 schools (data for one school were not available) was: year 1: 408 hours; year 2: 401 hours; year 3: 387 hours; year 4: 401 hours. The survey showed that students perceived lectures to be the most important method of teaching after dispensing or clinical practicals. Taking the very important rating only: 94% (n=694) dispensing or clinical practicals; 75% (n=558) lectures; 52% (n=386) workshops, 50% (n=369) tutorials, 43% (n=318) directed study. Scientific laboratory practices were rated very important by only 31% (n=227). The study shows that teaching of pharmacy to undergraduates in the UK is still essentially didactic through a high proportion of formal lectures and with high levels of staff-student contact. Schools consider lectures still to be the most cost effective means of delivering the core syllabus to large cohorts of students. However, this does limit the scope for any optionality within teaching, the scope for small group work is reduced as is the opportunity to develop multi-professional learning or practice placements. Although novel teaching and learning techniques such as e-learning have expanded considerably over the past decade, schools of pharmacy have concentrated on lectures as the best way of coping with the huge expansion in student numbers. References [1] Council Directive. Concerning the coordination of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of certain activities in the field of pharmacy. Official Journal of the European Communities 1985;85/432/EEC. [2] Wilson K, Jesson J, Langley C, Clarke L, Hatfield K. MPharm Programmes: Where are we now? Report commissioned by the Pharmacy Practice Research Trust., 2005.

Novas formas de governança pública: um estudo do arranjo articulado para Implementação da política pública nacional de aprendizagem profissional

The configuration assumed by the institutional governance arrangement established in the cities of Fortaleza and Natal, and its influence on the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning that promotes the formation and integration into the labor market of teens and young people aged 14 to 24 years old and people with disabilities is the aim of this thesis. The interactive governance approach, proposed by Kooiman (2003.2008) was the mainstay of the epistemological construction of the investigative process, also supported by contributions from Draibe (2001) concerning the stages of implementation of public policies. In methodological terms, the approach used was qualitative, being performed descriptive bibliographical and documentary research, applying semi-structured interviews with 44 subjects. Data were based on Bardin (2011), having been pre-established two categories of analysis: governance and implementation. The results pointed, among other things, to greater diversity and dynamics of the arrangement in Fortaleza, highlighting the much larger number of accessions of Nonprofit Entities (ESFLs) to politics, more frequent interactions between stakeholders from different organizational levels of governance, better alignment between guiding governance images and spaces designed to encourage interactions among actors and also greater local government involvement. In both cities studied, on the other hand, the study indicated that the failure of institutional capacities adversely affect the interactions stimulation and the exercise of meta-governance. The thesis concluded that the shape and intensity of the interactions between the actors involved in the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning and the way images are shared results in greater understanding and dissemination of the policy and create a favorable environment for cooperation and dialogue needed to collective work and favors the modeling of a governance structure able to handle the demands and characteristics of organizations and their participants in order to accommodate the divergent interests, make room for the creation of innovations and convergence of actions to achieve the objectives of the policy. Thus, the results of the Professional Learning Policy in the cities of Natal and Fortaleza, in terms of levels of entering the labor market, can be understood from the differences found in the governance structure of the institutional arrangement used for its implementation.

A Jaworskian analysis of four senior class primary teachers endeavouring to teach mathematics from a constructivist-compatible perspective

A constructivist philosophy underlies the Irish primary mathematics curriculum. As constructivism is a theory of learning its implications for teaching need to be addressed. This study explores the experiences of four senior class primary teachers as they endeavour to teach mathematics from a constructivist-compatible perspective with primary school children in Ireland over a school-year period. Such a perspective implies that children should take ownership of their learning while working in groups on tasks which challenge them at their zone of proximal development. The key question on which the research is based is: to what extent will an exposure to constructivism and its implications for the classroom impact on teaching practices within the senior primary mathematics classroom in both the short and longer term? Although several perspectives on constructivism have evolved (von Glaserfeld (1995), Cobb and Yackel (1996), Ernest (1991,1998)), it is the synthesis of the emergent perspective which becomes pivotal to the Irish primary mathematics curriculum. Tracking the development of four primary teachers in a professional learning initiative involving constructivist-compatible approaches necessitated the use of Borko’s (2004) Phase 1 research methodology to account for the evolution in teachers’ understanding of constructivism. Teachers’ and pupils’ viewpoints were recorded using both audio and video technology. Teachers were interviewed at the beginning and end of the project and also one year on to ascertain how their views had evolved. Pupils were interviewed at the end of the project only. The data were analysed from a Jaworskian perspective i.e. using the categories of her Teaching Triad of management of learning, mathematical challenge and sensitivity to students. Management of learning concerns how the teacher organises her classroom to maximise learning opportunities for pupils. Mathematical challenge is reminiscent of the Vygotskian (1978) construct of the zone of proximal development. Sensitivity to students involves a consciousness on the part of the teacher as to how pupils are progressing with a mathematical task and whether or not to intervene to scaffold their learning. Through this analysis a synthesis of the teachers’ interpretations of constructivist philosophy with concomitant implications for theory, policy and practice emerges. The study identifies strategies for teachers wishing to adopt a constructivist-compatible approach to their work. Like O’Shea (2009) it also highlights the likely difficulties to be experienced by such teachers as they move from utilising teacher-dominated methods of teaching mathematics to ones in which pupils have more ownership over their learning.

An analysis of beginning mentors’ critical incidents in English post-compulsory education: navigating stormy waters

This qualitative study explores the barriers and dilemmas faced by beginning and novice mentors in post-compulsory education in the southeast of England. It analyses critical incidents (Tripp, 2012) taken from the everyday practice of mentors who were supporting new teachers and lecturers in the southeast of England. It categorises different types of critical incidents that mentors encountered and describes the strategies and rationales mentors used to support mentees and (indirectly) their learners and colleagues. The study explores ways in which mentors' own values, beliefs and life experiences affected their mentoring practice.  Methodology As part of a specialist master’s-level professional development module, 21 mentors wrote about two critical incidents (Tripp, 2012) taken from their own professional experiences, which aimed to demonstrate their support for their mentee’s range of complex needs. These critical incidents were written up as short case studies, which justified the rationale for their interventions and demonstrated the mentors' own professional development in mentoring. Critical incidents were used as units of analysis and categorised thematically by topic, sector and mentoring strategies used. Findings The research demonstrated the complex nature of decision-making and the potential for professional learning within a mentoring dyad. The study of these critical incidents found that mentors most frequently cited the controversial nature of teaching observations, the mentor’s role in mediating professional relationships, the importance of inculcating professional dispositions in education, and the need to support new teachers so that they can use effective behaviour management strategies. This study contributes to our understanding of the central importance of mentoring for professional growth within teacher education. It identifies common dilemmas that novice mentors face in post-compulsory education, justifies the rationale for their interventions and mentoring strategies, and helps to identify ways in which mentors' professional development needs can be met. It demonstrates that mentoring is complex, non-linear and mediated by mentors’ motivation and values.

Developing Innovative TEL Practice in Teacher Education

This interactive symposium will focus on the use of different technologies in developing innovative practice in teacher education at one university in England. Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is a field of educational policy and practice that has the power to ignite diametrically opposing views and reactions amongst teachers and teacher educators, ranging across a spectrum from immense enthusiasm to untold terror. In a field where the skills and experience of individuals vary from those of digital natives (Prensky 2001) to lags and lurkers in digital spaces, the challenges of harnessing the potential of TEL are complex. The challenges include developing the IT skills of trainees and educators and the creative application of these skills to pedagogy in all areas of the curriculum. The symposium draws on examples from primary, secondary and post-compulsory teacher education to discuss issues and approaches to developing research capacity and innovative practice using different etools, many of which are freely available. The first paper offers theoretical and policy perspectives on finding spaces in busy professional lives to engage in research and develop research-informed practice. It draws on notions of teachers as researchers, practitioner research and evidenc-ebased practice to argue that engagement in research is integral to teacher education and an empowering source of creative professional learning for teachers and teacher educators. Whilst acknowledging the challenges of this stance, examples from our own research practice illustrate how e-tools can assist us in building the capacity and confidence of staff and students in researching and enhancing teaching, learning and assessment practice. The second paper discusses IT skills development through the TEL pathway for trainee teachers in secondary education across different curriculum subjects. The lead tutor for the TEL pathway will use examples of activities developed with trainee teachers and university subject tutors to enhance their skills in using e-tools, such as QR codes, Kahoot, Padlet, Pinterest and cloud based learning. The paper will also focus on how these skills and tools can be used for action Discussant - the wider use of technologies in a university centre for teacher education; course management, recruitment and mentor training. research, evaluation and feedback and for marking and administrative tasks. The discussion will finish with thoughts on widening trainee teachers’ horizons into the future direction of educational technology. The third paper considers institutional policies and strategies for promoting and embedding TEL, including an initiative called ‘The Learning Conversation’, which aims ‘to share, highlight, celebrate, discuss, problematise, find things out...’ about TEL through an online space. The lead for ‘The Learning Conversation’ will offer reflections on this and other initiatives across the institution involving trainee teachers, university subject tutors, librarians and staff in student support services who are using TEL to engage, enthuse and support students on campus and during placements in schools. The fourth paper reflects on the use of TEL to engage with trainee teachers in post-compulsory education. This sector of education and training is more fragmented than primary and secondary schools sectors and so the challenges of building a community of practice that can support the development of innovative practice are greater.

O desenvolvimento profissional docente em discussão

This collection is the result of theoretical considerations made in the education field with emphasis on the teacher’s professional development. The diversity of authors, which came from distinctive higher education institutions located in Brazil and some arising from international context, reveals a multiplicity of relations between the themes that blend the centrality of “Rede de Aprendizado em Foco”. The studies and researches are organized around three themes: teacher’s learning in initial training and professional integration; teacher learning’s evaluations process and policies; and teacher’s professional development. The professionality’s formation in a period of deep and complex transformations in the social and educational scenarios is projected as a big challenge, especially when it is understood that a person is not born as a teacher, but it is constituted as such by processes that occur over a long period. The contact with the professional practice stands as an essential element in the context of teacher training, which in the course of professional learning experience different stages of training. The one that should be highlighted would be the learning moments that involve teaching’s practices. Thus, the main point of this work was based on the reflection of the teacher’s formative processes from the initial training to the professional development going through the teaching practice, which is considered as the beginning of the relationship between theoretical and practical knowledge in the context of educational reality and reporting formative experiences that have contributed to this training.

Working with Student Teachers: A Mixed Methods Study to Examine the Roles and Self-Identified Dispositions of Cooperating Teachers

A critical component of teacher education is the field experience during which candidates practice under the supervision of experienced teachers. Programs use the InTASC Standards to define the requisite knowledge, skills, and dispositions for teaching. Practicing teachers are familiar with the concepts of knowledge and skills, but they are less familiar with dispositions. Practicing teachers who mentor prospective teachers are underrepresented in the literature, but they are critical to teacher preparation. The research goals were to describe the self-identified dispositions of cooperating teachers, identify what cooperating teachers consider their role in preparing prospective teachers, and explain challenges that cooperating teachers face. Using a mixed methods design, I conducted a quantitative survey followed by a qualitative case study. When I compared survey and case study data, cooperating teachers report possessing InTASC critical dispositions described in Standard 2: Learning Differences, Standard 3: Learning Environments, and Standard 9: Professional Learning and Ethical Practice, but not Standard 6: Assessment and Standard 10: Leadership and Collaboration. Cooperating teachers assume the roles of modeler, mentor and advisor, and informal evaluator. They explain student teachers often lack skills and dispositions to assume full teaching responsibilities and recommend that universities better prepare candidates for classrooms. Cooperating teachers felt university evaluations were not relevant to teaching reality. I recommend modifying field experiences to increase the quantity and duration of classroom placements. I suggest further research to detail cooperating teacher dispositions, compare cooperating teachers who work with different universities, and determine if cooperating teacher dispositions influence student teacher dispositions.

INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA APLICADA EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA PRÁCTICA PROFESIONAL SUPERVISADA

Se describen los procedimientos pedagógicos utilizados en el curso BGE215 Práctica Profesional Supervisada, en la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información (EBDI) de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en Costa Rica y se comparan con los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos utilizados en la investigación cualitativa. Además, se aplica la triangulación para determinar la validez de las técnicas utilizadas para evaluar la práctica profesional supervisada, realizada en la Escuela.Los Sujetos de esta investigación fueron: 22 estudiantes de bibliotecología de tercer año, 20 encargados directos y dos académicas. Los objetos analizados fueron 22 tipos diferentes de productos elaborados en la práctica, 40 Informes de estudiantes y supervisores, las fichas catalográficas elaboradas, las bases de datos actualizadas. Además, se utilizaron como instrumentos en la recolección de la información hojas de cotejo, diario de visitas, entrevistas, informes impresos y orales, opiniones y la observación. 

Prática de ensino supervisionada em educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico: tornando-se educadora/professora

O presente relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES) resulta da observação e participação no contexto da PES em Educação Pré-Escolar realizado em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brasil), através do programa Luso-Brasileiro, no Núcleo de Educação Infantil Colónia Z-11 e da PES em 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico na Escola EB1 da Quinta da Vista Alegre, pertencente ao Agrupamento Manuel Ferreira Patrício de Évora. O relatório centra-se no meu percurso e aprendizagens como futura educadora/professora: ir aprendendo a profissão em contexto, indo ao encontro de quem somos e em quem nos vamos tornando, dando enfase ao papel das crianças nos processos de aprendizagem que experimentámos. Na conceção da ação educativa, tornada prática pedagógica em contexto, a avaliação, formativa e transformadora, assim como a reflexão acerca da prática foram fundamentais para o melhoramento da intervenção e, por tal, influências positivas na aprendizagem das crianças e na minha aprendizagem profissional. A problemática deste relatório teve como base o querer compreender relações entre uma reflexão sistemática, por escrito, sobre o desenvolvimento do meu projeto de formação em contexto, considerando que a avaliação formativa deveria nortear e monitorizar o nosso trabalho, as relações e aprendizagens, na ação docente que ia desenvolvendo, quer em Educação Pré-Escolar quer no 1º Ciclo. Neste percurso, entrelaçando a ação e a investigação, procurei respostas para as seguintes questões: o que sabia acerca da docência que se pauta por uma avaliação formativa e formadora no trabalho com crianças? O que fiz para aprendermos em conjunto, tendo em conta uma função reguladora que a avaliação poderia tomar? Como o fiz? Em que momentos e com quem? Para quê, com que finalidade? O que aprendi no decorrer deste processo de aprendizagem profissional, onde a investigação-ação teve um papel relevante?; Supervised Teaching Practice’s Report to obtain a Master’s Degree in Preschool and Primary school: Abstract: The present report of Supervised Teaching Practice (STP) is a result of the observation and participation in context of STP in pre-school that took place in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brazil), through the Luso-Brazilian program, in Núcleo de Educação Infantil Colónia Z-11 and through STP in Primary School of Ensino Básico in Escola EB1 da Quinta da Vista Alegre, which belongs to the Manuel Ferreira de Évora Group. The report focuses on my journey and learnings as a future teacher: learning the profession in it’s actual context, trying to find who we are and what we can become, and emphasizing the children’s role in these learning processes. In the conception of the education activities, which became possible by pedagogical practice in context, the evaluation, formative and transformative, as well as the reflection about the practice were vital to improve the intervention and, consequently, to have a positive influence in the children’s learning process and in my own professional experience. The main focus of this report is to understand the relation between a systematic reflection, in writing, about the development of my teaching in context project, considering that the formative evaluation should guide and monitor our work, the relationships and learnings, in the educational process that I developed, either in pre-school or primary school. In this journey, by combining action and investigation, the main intention was to answer the following questions: What did I know about teaching characterized by a formative assessment when working with children? What did I do so we could learn together, bearing in mind a regulative function that evaluation could take? How did I do it? In what moments and whom with? What for, and what was the purpose? What did I learn throughout this professional learning process, where the investigation-action played a major role?

Relatório de Estágio da Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada

No âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada, parte integrante do plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar, foi solicitada a elaboração do Relatório de Estágio que evidenciasse a prática e a aprendizagem profissional desenvolvida nos contextos de Creche e de Educação Pré-Escolar. Neste sentido, a mestranda expõe o seu percurso nas duas valências, tendo este permitido o conhecimento e posterior desenvolvimento de saberes e competências em prol da construção e edificação de um perfil na profissão docente, suportado por um quadro teórico e concetual. A prática pedagógica da mestranda desenvolveu-se mediante uma aproximação à metodologia de investigação-ação, assente sobre quatro etapas fundamentais: observação, planificação, ação e reflexão/avaliação. Esta metodologia, suporte basilar da sua prática, possibilita a articulação entre saberes e atitudes, culminando numa co construção de saberes entre os diversos atores envolvidos na prática pedagógica. Os contextos e processos de estágio revelaram-se cruciais nos processos educativos de qualidade na educação de infância, no que concerne ao desenvolvimento de competências para a educação, constituindo estes, bases importantes na formação docente. Por fim, a mestranda está consciente que para responder aos desafios advindos da sociedade atual, deve procurar a formação constante, atualizando e desenvolvendo novas aprendizagens, quer a nível pessoal, quer a nível profissional.

Impacto do treinamento no trabalho : atividades operacionais da Polícia Federal

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Mestrado Profissional em Administração, 2015.

O impacto socioeconômico da implementação do programa jovem aprendiz a partir da inclusão laboral dos jovens aprendizes atendidos pelo Instituto Federal de Brasília - Campus Estrutural

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

O impacto socioeconômico da implementação do programa jovem aprendiz a partir da inclusão laboral dos jovens aprendizes atendidos pelo Instituto Federal de Brasília - Campus Estrutural

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

Student’s Perception on the Personal Impact of a Social Education Degree Internship

The functional profile of the social educator is based on the development of theoretical, technical and personal/relational skills, which should guide training courses organization. Assuming the shortcomings of a merely theoretical approach, besides a consistent preparation in theoretical and essential technical contents for socio-educational intervention, practice in context should be favoured as an opportunity to develop professional skills, together with a critical reflection on the functional profile. This study emerges from the need to reflect and rethink the internship, as well as how the respective supervision is developed, of the degree in social education at the School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, and it is based on the students’ perceptions about the impact of the internship on personal development. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, using the documentary analysis of 50 final internship reports. From the content analysis, four categories emerged referring to gains in terms of acquiring and managing knowledge, development of technical skills, personal and relational development and reinforcement of professional identity. The importance given to personal and relational development should be noted (41.4% of mentions) taking into account its relevance in constructing a professional identity. Findings on the technical skills and on the increase of profession knowledge, also by mobilising theoretical training, positively reinforce the internship model that is based on a proximity supervision approach and on a dialogical perspective of the professional learning.

Análisis del sector del food service a partir del modelo de competitividad de Michael Porter para determinar la viabilidad de incursión de la empresa Bakery Service Foods

Las Mipymes son un componente fundamental para el desarrollo económico y social de cualquier país, en especial de un país como Colombia en donde representan el 99,9% de las empresas actualmente constituidas, concentrando el 81% de los empleados a nivel nacional (Fedesarrollo, 2013). Aunque juegan un papel protagónico en la economía colombiana, las Mipymes aún deben recorrer un camino extenso para poder explotar todo el potencial con el que cuentan, puesto que presentan un alto índice de mortandad empresarial en los primeros años de funcionamiento, esto evidenciado en los resultados del estudio GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2009) en donde se encontró que sólo el 12,61% de los negocios lograron superar los 42 meses de permanencia en el mercado (El País, 2010) principalmente a causa de la ausencia de una planeación estratégica de largo plazo que les permita a los negocios emprendedores del país alcanzar la competitividad. Si bien es cierto que crear empresa es relativamente sencillo, son múltiples los retos tanto internos como externos que deben enfrentar las organizaciones para poder alcanzar una etapa de madurez empresarial, sobre todo en los primeros años de funcionamiento que son los más críticos y decisivos para el futuro de cualquier empresa, es por esto que se hace indispensable emplear estrategias que les permitan ser sostenibles a largo plazo, en un entorno altamente competitivo por empresas tanto nacionales como internacionales, siendo este uno de los propósitos fundamentales al que deberían apostar los empresarios colombianos para crear un impacto positivo en la sociedad y aportar a la competitividad nacional. Bakery Service Foods, es una empresa dedicada a la comercialización y distribución de insumos de panadería con sede en el barrio Carvajal en la ciudad de Bogotá. Desde su constitución, el 29 de diciembre de 2008, la empresa ha buscado posicionarse en un mercado en donde tanto empresas grandes como Grasco, Grupo Team, Sigra, Duquesa, Conaceites, Alvarado, Aceites Finos; así como microempresas sin infraestructura ni solidez económica, componen un entorno altamente competitivo y hacinado que representa un desafío para una pequeña empresa familiar que no cuenta con un músculo financiero significativo. Por otra parte, Bakery Service Foods a traviesa por un período de alta incertidumbre debido a que el proveedor que representa el 85% de las ventas de los productos a los cuales representan, FANAGRA S.A, atraviesa por una completa reestructuración debido a la venta de dicha empresa a una multinacional suiza. Esta situación representa un alto riesgo para la compañía y exige que se emprendan acciones oportunas que les permitan reducir la alta dependencia en un único proveedor. Teniendo en cuenta que una de las ambiciones desde la fundación de la compañía ha sido incursionar y ser una empresa competitiva en el mercado de Food Service, que perdure en el tiempo, ¿Qué tan viable es diversificar el portafolio de la empresa Bakery Service Foods (BSF) en el mercado Food Service? Con este proyecto se busca diseñar una propuesta de diversificación de portafolio para la empresa Bakery Service Foods (BSF) analizando el mercado Food Service, por medio del modelo de Ventaja Competitiva de Michael Porter; lo anterior, con el propósito de que la empresa se consolide en este mercado como un aliado estratégico para sus clientes y representados, y con un modelo de negocio sostenible a largo plazo. Finalmente, se espera que a través de la propuesta de mejora para Bakery Service Foods, se afiancen los conocimientos administrativos obtenidos durante el pregrado en Administración de Empresas, aplicando satisfactoriamente las herramientas, metodologías y bases conceptuales adquiridas, para enriquecer el proceso de aprendizaje profesional y aportar valor a una empresa colombiana desde el mercado de Food Service.