Responsabilidade social e marketing social: dois estudos de caso

o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a identificação e a determinação dos principais elementos presentes no desenvolvimento de ações de responsabilidade social e programas de marketing social em unidades industriais de duas empresas, da iniciativa privada, localizadas em Curitiba: Bosch e Inepar. Na base teóricoempírica, foram analisados os aspectos referentes à gestão social sob o paradigma da Sociedade Pós-Industrial, à responsabilidade social e ao marketing social. Especificamente nestes dois últimos temas foi aprofundada a análise de suas bases de formação e a evolução de seus conceitos, bem como suas diferentes interpretações, tratamentos, usos e motivações para a efetivação de programas de cunho social. O método que caracteriza esta pesquisa é o de dois estudos de caso distintos. Os dados foram obtidos mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de documentos internos e peças de comunicação externas, observação direta e por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com os dirigentes e funcionários das organizações estudadas, envolvidos na condução e organização de práticas sociais. A análise foi efetuada de forma descritivo-qualitativa. Os dados coletados revelaram a existência de consonâncias e dissonâncias entre a prática da responsabilidade social e do marketing social e o discurso apresentado pelas empresas. O objetivo maior do estudo foi ampliar o entendimento acerca da responsabilidade social e do marketing social praticado pela iniciativa privada, tendo como referência a visão de seus integrantes, dentro das atuais racionalidades econômica e social que estabelecem um novo modelo de relacionamento entre Estado, empresas e sociedade civil.

Marketing social e reformas educativas: sugestão de análise conceitual

Durante um mês, as pesquisadoras Lucia Pontual Braga e Raquel Emerique, sob a coordenação e orientação de Helena Bomeny, estiveram mobilizadas por uma provocação intelectual: de que maneira reformas educativas reagem positiva ou negativamente à uma estratégia deliberada de marketing social? Nossa primeira decisão foi pensar sobre o significado de tal associação e a pertinência de sua inclusão em reflexões sobre educação. Uma vez que aceitamos o desafio da associação, passamos à etapa de selecionar experiências que nos indicariam com mais nitidez a presença de programas de comunicação social, a evidência da utilização de mecanismos de marketing para a promoção de certas idéias e projetos no campo das reformas educacionais. Algumas informações anteriores havíamos acumulado nos investimentos de pesquisa que fizemos. Tivemos também a oportunidade de assistir em junho deste ano a relatos extensivos de muitas experiências consideradas exitosas por seus relatores na ocasião do seminário "Ensino Básico na América Latina: Experiências, Reformas, Caminhos", promovido pelo Programa de Promoção da Reforma Educativa na América Latina - PREAL, no Rio de Janeiro. O esforço conjunto do PREAL com a DEMEC-Rio resultou em um aprendizado interessante. Pudemos perceber, pelos relatos dos diversos estados brasileiros, que iniciativas pela melhoria da educação no Brasil são heterogêneas e guardam perfis muito distintos, de acordo com realidades, gostos, estilos e tradições locais. Aprendemos naquela ocasião que deveríamos considerar de forma mais criteriosa algumas experiências em curso e avaliá-las com mais cuidado comparando-as com as demais em curso no país. O conjunto de textos que se seguem a esta proposta conceitual reflete o inicio desta preocupação que nos motivava anteriormente. Selecionamos como exemplares para os fins desta proposta cinco programas em curso: a reorganização da rede pública de ensino em São Paulo; a reforma educativa de Minas Gerais; a alternativa político-pedagógica do município de Angra dos Reis (RJ); o programa dos Centros Integrados de Educação Pública (Cieps) (RJ) e a microgestão privada da rede pública de ensino de Maringá (PR). Este texto reflete a avaliação de pontos que considero estratégicos quando o que está sob foco são os programas acima mencionados. Procuro com ele estabelecer uma tipologia das caracteristicas mais acentuadas dos referidos programas e sugiro alguns indicadores que possam iluminar a análise da relação entre reformas e políticas de marketing social.

Marketing social : a otica, a etica e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira

Marketing as a social product, has been created, raised and spread alI over the world mainly as a tool to serve private, micro-economic, l?rofit, short run interests. Over the last twenty years,a steadly growing trend has been noticed in this field,due to the evidences that marketing has not delivered what it had promissed: society's needs fullfillment. Several American theorists and practioners marketino and non marketing specialists - are considered to have contributed to this evaluation of the marketing concept which has led to consolidate new "sub-disciolines" in the core o f marketing, name ly: "non business" (not for profi ti non orofit organizations, public services, government) "political candidates", "health, education, social services'; "ideas and social causes" marketing. This paper deals with the latter marketing subdiscipline , that applied to social causes and i ts oocasional contributions to Brazilian socio-economic development, considering both marketing and moral/ethical frameworks. The work suggests that are, have been and will be several possibilities of applying social marketing as a planning and implementing tool for both theorists and practioners of administration.

Diseño de una guía de marketing social basado en la responsabilidad social para locales comerciales del centro histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca

La elaboración de este trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad el diseño de una Guía de Marketing Social basado en la Responsabilidad Social para locales comerciales del centro histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca, mediante la cual pretendemos aportar estrategias que beneficien a los emprendedores cuencanos en especial, del centro histórico de la ciudad. Este trabajo se estructuró de la siguiente manera: Primerose ha visto fundamentalla investigación de las Bases Teorías de Responsabilidad Social y Marketing Social, antecedentes, definiciones, conceptos, diferencias, semejanzas y el avance de estas a través de organizaciones e instituciones nacionales e internacionales. También se ha valorado los conocimientos de los emprendedores del centro histórico, para este importante aspecto seclasificó a los locales en tres tipos o variables que corresponden: Servicio, Alimentación y Bebidas, y Comercio; posteriormente setrabajó con 266 encuestasque se dividieron de acuerdo a los resultados de la muestra. Finalmente se elaboró la guía de Marketing Social la misma que se basa en la Responsabilidad Social, allí se consideran pilares fundamentales a:Políticas de Responsabilidad Social; Aplicación del Marketing Social; Medición de impacto de Responsabilidad Social; Posicionamiento de marca desde el Marketing Social; Formación de la Reputación Corporativa; Construcción del Personal Branding; y Fidelización de clientes desde la Web 2.0.

Educación para el Desarrollo y Marketing Social: Análisis de la campaña de sensibilización y formación de “InteRed” en la Academia Santa Teresa de Málaga

La Educación para el desarrollo y la ciudadanía global demanda nuevas formas de comunicación efectivas e influyentes, adaptadas a los nuevos tiempos. El marketing social incluye componentes de sensibilización y educativos para cambiar un comportamiento particular en la sociedad. Ambas materias se unen para hacer posible cambios sociales en un mundo altamente interconectado. El presente trabajo analiza el impacto de las campañas de sensibilización (celebración del Día de la Solidaridad) y formación en Educación para el Desarrollo, realizadas por InteRed en el colegio Teresianas de Málaga. En el primer caso se encuestaron a 59 adultos y en el segundo más de 200 niños/as de primaria. Las encuestas fueron diseñadas por profesionales del sector. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios en ambas campañas, sensibilizando al público asistente en el primer caso y desarrollando una actitud crítica-participativa en el segundo, encontrándonos con posibles prácticas de mejoras.

Creación de marca mediante la utilización de mecanismos estratégicos comunitarios y marketing

El presente documento pretende mostrar la manera como se debe ejecutar la creación de marca mediante la utilización de mecanismos estratégicos comunitarios y marketing. El objetivo del estudio se basa en encontrar los mecanismos adecuados para el desarrollo y creación de una marca enfocándose en el análisis de las principales prácticas y modelos desarrollados en el área del marketing, examinando el impacto que la marca pueda generar en la comunidad en la cual la organización está incluida, estableciendo además un conexión directa con el modo de vida de los consumidores. Durante el desarrollo del documento se demuestra que las estrategias de marketing aplicadas por cada compañía, sirven para construir una relación estrecha y fuerte con todos los agentes involucrados en la construcción de una marca, principalmente con los clientes, ya que la forma más efectiva de establecer relaciones a largo plazo, es enfocándose exclusivamente en las necesidades desarrolladas por los consumidores, y a partir de ellas ajustar los valores (misión, visión, cultura organizacional, objetivos) de la organización. Estas estrategias comunitarias son también influenciadas por varios factores internos y externos a la organización, los cuales deben ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de elegir la estrategia adecuada. Los mecanismos estratégicos que desarrollan las empresas pueden cambiar significativamente de un sector comercial a otro, la importancia de las necesidades que se deben suplir y el consumidor final se deben evaluar desde un aspecto comunitario, entendiendo como comunidad como el conjunto de grupos sociales y comerciales que tienen relación directa o indirecta con la empresa. Con la investigación llevada a cabo acerca de las estrategias que deben aplicar las compañías se concluye que las marcas reflejan la imagen que la empresa transmite a sus compradores estableciendo una relación emocional entre los consumidores y la marca desarrollada, además de estimular la oferta y demanda del negocio. Se espera que por medio de la obtención de información teórica y conceptual, se pueda aclarar la manera como se puede desarrollar la creación de una marca por medio de la correcta utilización de mecanismos estratégicos comunitarios y de marketing.

M-technology, Consumption and Gambling: A Conceptualisation of Consumer Vulnerability in an M-gambling Marketplace

Technology imbued m-marketing systems influence the consumptive lives of citizens, by facilitating anytime, anywhere business-to-consumer interactions. Business pundits’ enthusiasm towards mobile services (m-services) has been driven by the promise of a marketspace context involving seamless, business-to-consumer interactions that can be simultaneously impulse-driven, highly entertaining and omnipresent. Arguably, gambling too is impulse-driven, exciting and easily accessible. An important question that needs to be addressed is: how the convergence of mobile technology and gambling will impact the millennial consumer. The authors address this question by examining the contextually bounded interactions between internal and external factors that make mobile phone users potentially vulnerable during m-gambling interactions. By examining key themes that describe the convergence of m-technology and gambling, we clarify the experiential nature of m-gambling and its relationship to consumer vulnerability.

Conceptualising value creation for social change management

Australian and international governments are increasingly adopting social marketing as a social change management tool to deal with complex social problems. Government decision makers typically need to balance the use of business models and management theories whilst maintaining the integrity of government policy. In taking this approach, decision makers experience management tensions between a social mission to equitably deliver social services and the accountability and affordability of providing quality social and health services to citizens. This is a significant challenge as the nature of the ‘social product’ in government is often more service-oriented than goods-based. In this paper the authors examine value creation in government social marketing services. The contribution of this paper is a value creation process model, which considers the nature of governments to create social good. This is particularly important for governments where consumers still expect value and quality in the service delivered, despite that offering being ‘free’.

Marketing to change public opinion on climate change : a case study

Corporate advertisers spend far greater budgets than any social marketing campaign and have great potential to change public opinion on the urgent need for action on climate change. However “green-washing” has become a widespread practice by companies that wish to appear to be socially responsible without a genuine commitment and consumers can be very cynical about green marketing campaigns. Can companies be climate change advocates and still satisfy shareholders? This paper offers a case study on an Australian insurance company that argues it can make money from doing the right thing.

Applying brand equity to the social product of breastfeeding

Social marketing has successfully adopted many of the techniques of commercial marketing; however, a key commercial marketing theory that does not appear to be utilised in social marketing theory is brand equity. Given that a key outcome of brand equity is loyalty, which is also a desired outcome of many social marketing programs, brand equity appears to be a relevant theoretical framework. This study presents descriptive results of the brand equity levels of 296 Gen Y Australians for the social product of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is a desirable health behaviour with significant health and wellbeing outcomes for infants, mothers and communities. It was selected as the focus of this paper because loyalty to the behaviour is not increasing, according to the targets set by national government authorities.

Daggy shirts, daggy slogans? marketing unions to young people

In light of declining trade union density, specifically among young workers, this article explores how trade unions recruit, service and organize young people. Our focus is the way in which trade unions market their services to the young. We use, as a lens of analysis, the services and social marketing literature and the concept of an ‘unsought, experience good’ to explore trade union strategy. Based on interviews with a number of union officials in the state of Queensland, it is clear that unions see the issue of recruitment of young people as significant, and that innovative strategies are being used in at least some unions. However, the research also indicates that despite union awareness, strategies are uneven and resource allocation is patchy. While the research was carried out in one state, the results and conclusion are broadly applicable to the Australian labour movement as a whole, and have implications for union movements in other Anglophone countries.

The role of mother-centered factors influencing the complex social behaviour of breastfeeding : social support and self-efficacy

This research investigated the role of mother-centred issues that influence breastfeeding behaviours. The need for social marketing research for breastfeeding is indicated by the fact that despite evidence of the health benefits to both the infant and mother of longer breastfeeding duration, rates in developed countries have failed to increase in recent decades. Breastfeeding is a complex behaviour that for many women involves barriers that influence their commitment to continue breastfeeding. Structural equation modelling was used on a sample of 405 respondents to an online survey. The analysis revealed that personal social support had a significant impact on breastfeeding self-efficacy, which in turn had a significant impact on breastfeeding behaviour. The findings and implications for both social marketing theory and practice are discussed.

Why perform pro-social behaviours? Understanding the key sources of perceived value in preventative health services

In maintaining quality of life, preventative health is an important area in which the performance of pro-social behaviours provides benefits to individuals who perform them as well as society. The establishment of the Preventative Health Taskforce in Australia demonstrates the significance of preventative health and aims to provide governments and health providers with evidence-based advice on preventative health issues (Preventative Health Taskforce, 2009). As preventative health behaviours are voluntary, for consumers to sustain this behaviour there needs to be a value proposition (Dann, 2008; Kotler and Lee, 2008). Customer value has been shown to influence repeat behaviour (McDougall and Levesque, 2000), word-of-mouth (Hartline and Jones, 1999), and attitudes (Dick and Basu, 2008). However to date there is little research that investigates the source of value for preventative health services. This qualitative study explores and identifies three categories of sources that influence four dimensions of value – functional, emotional, social and altruistic (Holbrook 2006). A conceptual model containing five propositions outlining these relationships is presented. This study provides evidence-based research that reveals sources of value that influence individuals’ decisions to perform pro-social behaviours in the long-term through their use of preventative health services. This research uses BreastScreen Queensland (BSQ), a cancer screening service, as the service context.

Using mobile social media and GIS in health and place research

This paper presents new research methods that combine the use of location-based, social media on mobile phones with geographic information systems (GIS) to explore connections between people, place and health. It discusses the feasibility, limitations, and benefits of using these methods, which enable real-time, location-based, quantitative data to be collected on the recreation, consumption, and physical activity patterns of urban residents in Brisbane, Queensland. The study employs mechanisms already inherent in popular mobile social media applications (Facebook, Twitter and Foursquare) to collect this data. The research methods presented in this paper are innovative and potentially applicable to an increasing number of academic research areas, as well as to a growing range of service providers that benefit from monitoring consumer behaviour, and responding to emerging changes in these patterns and trends. The ability to both collect and map objective, real-time data about the consumption, leisure, recreation, and physical activity patterns amongst urban communities has direct implications for a range of research disciplines including media studies, advertising, health promotion, social marketing, public health inequalities, and urban design.

Consumers' behavioural responses toward technology-based social products

This thesis examined the determinants of consumers’ use of emerging mental health services delivered via mobile phone technology, which promise to provide cost-effective psychotherapeutic support where and when needed. It builds on the Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour by recognising the role that competition between behavioural alternatives plays in influencing consumers’ decision to use these services. The research employed a three-study, mixed-methodological approach.