Tomar o Pulso ao Tigre: Missões Militares Portuguesas em Espanha, entre a vigilância e a cooperação (1934 – 1939)

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História Contemporânea

A Política Externa Portuguesa na Guerra Civil de Espanha – Opinião Pública e Censura

A presente dissertação centra-se na problemática da Política Externa Portuguesa no decorrer da Guerra Civil de Espanha – GCE (1936-1939). É nosso propósito responder à seguinte questão: De que forma o Estado Novo conseguiu condicionar a Opinião Pública de maneira a perseguir a sua linha orientadora de Política Externa aquando do conflito interno espanhol?. Um dos mais antigos dilemas da política externa portuguesa é a necessidade constante de compatibilizar a dualidade peninsular. No respeitante à política externa do século XX, António de Oliveira Salazar, em 1936, defendia a tese de que o Estado Novo não sobreviveria em convívio directo com um regime republicano espanhol, anticlerical e esquerdista. Tendo em conta que o Presidente do Concelho de Ministros de Portugal não hesitou em apoiar o alziamento do General Franco, recorrendo à tese de proteção do seu regime, e evitando, desta forma, que Portugal se mantivesse alheio à sorte dos destinos da GCE, é fundamental a análise da política externa portuguesa para compreender as posições, os vetores, as motivações e os principais agentes que formaram os pilares da diplomacia portuguesa perante o conflito que ficou historiograficamente conhecido como a antecâmara da II Guerra Mundial. Todavia, reconhecemos ser conveniente averiguar de que forma é que as decisões de política externa se reflectiram na Opinião Pública portuguesa sobre os acontecimentos da Guerra Civil de Espanha. Visto que era objectivo do Estado Novo controlar as mentes portuguesas, no nosso estudo, que se debruçara sobre os assuntos espanhóis, importa-nos verificar como a Opinião Pública era manobrada pelo poder político, que utiliza a Censura para controle da informação. A Censura portuguesa foi especialmente zelosa acerca dos assuntos da GCE a partir de 1936, com vista a evitar contágios revolucionários em Portugal que colocassem em perigo o Estado Novo. Em suma, a Guerra Civil de Espanha foi um conflito bélico que se confinou ao território espanhol, mas que atravessou fronteiras devido à sua internacionalização e rápida mediatização. Portugal pela sua posição geográfica acompanhou diariamente a cruzada no país vizinho, interferindo oficial e oficiosamente.

Usos indígenas del Derecho en el Nuevo Reino de Granada. Resistencia y pluralismo jurídico en el derecho colonial. 1750-1810

El artículo explora los usos que del derecho colonial hicieron los indígenas en la última etapa de este período de la dominación española, que va desde las reformas borbónicas hasta la Independencia (1750-1810). La primera parte, resultado de una revisión historiográfica, da cuenta de cómo la inicial pretensión del régimen colonial de conservar los sistemas jurídicos indígenas derivó en la creación de un régimen jurídico diferenciado, que separaba la “república de indios” de la “república de españoles”; separación que, si bien no fue efectiva en preservar las tradiciones legales prehispánicas, permitió diversos usos del Derecho como mecanismo de adaptación y resistencia. La segunda parte del texto ilustra estos usos del Derecho, con algunas actuaciones jurídicas de indígenas a finalesdel siglo xviii y principios del xix en el Nuevo Reino deGranada.

Stress e estratégias de coping em Enfermeiros : estudo comparativo entre Portugal e Espanha

O presente estudo, tem como objetivo efetuar uma comparação entre os enfermeiros portugueses e espanhóis de modo a identificar os principais fatores que desencadeiam o stress bem como as estratégias de coping utilizadas. A amostra é constituída por 50 enfermeiros espanhóis e 50 enfermeiros portugueses. Dos resultados obtidos, verificam-se que em Portugal as situações indutoras de stress variam de acordo com o sexo, a idade, os anos de serviço, enquanto que em Espanha, apenas se verifica a influência do ambiente relacional nas situações que mais causam stress. Relativamente às estratégias de coping, em Portugal, o sexo, a idade, e o vínculo com a instituição influenciam na determinação das estratégias de coping, enquanto que na amostra espanhola, apenas se verifica a influência do sexo na determinação das mesmas.

Geografia e propaganda segundo a Historia del gran Reyno de la China de frei Juan González de Mendoza, 1585-1586

Mercê das cerca de 45 edições em sete línguas publicadas entre 1585 e o termo do século XVI, a Historia de las cosas mas notables, ritos y costumbres del gran Reyno de la Chinado agostinho espanhol Juan González de Mendoza logrou ser o primeiro best-seller internacional sobre o mundo chinês e um dos mais influentes livros da proto-sinologia europeia de Quinhentos e Seiscentos. As reivindicações dos poderes seculares da colónia espanhola de Manila e dos mendicantes do Padroado por um lugar na China não só contribuíram decisivamente para a génese da obra, como ajudam a justificar o impacto que esta conseguiu na Europa culta da transição do século XVI para o século XVII. Seja como for, para a cabal compreensão deste caso editorial é necessário proceder a inquéritos complementares, como o que investigue o modo como frei González de Mendoza articulou as informações de origem espanhola e portuguesa de que dispôs para compor a sua síntese sobre a China. Neste particular, ganha especial importância observar o tratamento concedido aos conteúdos de índole geográfica e avaliar, a partir daí, as razões subjacentes a opções que certa vez denotam um recuo objectivo em relação às informações disponíveis, outras uma aparente ruptura face a textos de referência, outras ainda a recuperação de ideias há muito abandonadas nos meios de vanguarda que se iam encarregando da actualização do moderno conhecimento europeu sobre a China. A articulação entre algumas destas opções e o serviço da propaganda do acto missionário dos mendicantes espanhóis constitui uma das principais pistas a explorar.

The social context of entrepreneurship in Brazil and Spain in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

Este trabalho teve o principal objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento do contexto social que circunda empreendedores inovadores brasileiros e espanhóis que emergem em seus próprios países de origem, procurando mapear e entender relações sociais relevantes estabelecidas durante o delicado período de emergência de seus empreendimentos no final do século XX e começo do XXI. Autores alinhados com o pensamento da sociologia econômica foram utilizados como referência para a determinação das perguntas de pesquisa, que provocaram a realização de um estudo comparativo entre empreendedores finalistas de um mesmo prêmio atribuído a empreendedores inovadores brasileiros e espanhóis. No total, 19 empreendedores oriundos de setores emparelhados em ambos os países foram entrevistados e documentos sobre eles e seus empreendimentos foram levantados, possibilitando verificar, entre outras coisas, a influência relativamente homogênea do contexto social de ambos os países no período de emergência de empreendimentos fundados por empreendedores advindos de classes sociais mais elevadas destas sociedades, com especial ênfase nas complicadas características do padrão de financiamento dos empreendimentos, no aumento consistente do apoio social e público ao empreendedorismo, no elevado envolvimento emocional que os empreendedores estabelecem com seus empreendimentos e no peculiar papel das relações de confiança construídos entre os empreendedores, seus sócios e funcionários

Goleadas são destaque da primeira rodada da Copa do Mundo

Os placares elásticos de Holanda e Espanha e Alemanha e Portugal foram destaque da internet na primeira rodada da Copa do Mundo. Entre os dez tópicos com maior volume de menções no Twitter, quatro são relacionados à grande vitória holandesa sobre os espanhóis e teve mais de um milhão de menções. Com isso, a partida entre Holanda e Espanha é a mais comentada do Mundial até o momento.

BURNOUT: analisando a síndrome do ramo das indústrias alimentícias do Rio Grande do Norte

This paper aims to verify the Burnout´s possibilities of incidence, finding the creating dimensions and comparing with the socio-demographics characteristics of the researched professionals. This quantitative-descriptive search has a population of 197 workers of 23 nourishing companies in Rio Grande do Norte. This population is predominantly male, younger than 28 years old, single, relatively instructed (57,07% with complete high school) and having just started their current job since 79% of the interviewees are in the company less than six years. The AUDITORIA DO SISTEMA HUMANO (ASH) model, utilized for investigation and developed for the Spaniards Quijano and Navarro in 1999, has several dimensions about human resources management and the organizational effectiveness, but only makes part of the research in 19 questions Burnout referring. It was used factorial analyses with extraction method, varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization with the intuition to define the creating dimensions of the syndrome, they were evaluated with Cronbach Alpha coefficient after extraction. The dimensions found through the factorial analyses were: emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion and vitality. The accumulated explanation value reached 65,30% of total variation. The data socio-demographics don t justify the syndrome appearance, because the T test and ANOVA showed irrelevant values. It has been also observed that the founded dimensions were different of the Maslach sociopsychological perspective (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional realization) allowing comparison with others researches and the possibility to develop new ones with workers from different assistance areas. These new researches are important, since the syndrome refers to chronic labor stress consequences and any professional is favorable to Burnout, harmful to the company as to the collaborators

A satisfação profissional e a cultura organizacional : uma análise a partir do modelo ASH no Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte

With the need of the companies in becoming more competitive within the market, it arises an incessant search for selective human potential, with a high level of capacity and low rotativity, which motivation results in production raise, quality optimization and waste reduction. This scenario requires a strategy development which advantages the Human Resources Quality Management. This way, the model of the Human System Audit (HSA), developed by the Spanish researchers Ouijano and Navarro, presents itself as an important tool to diagnosis and evaluation, contemplating the environment where the organization is inserted, its strategies, its organizational design, its processes and its organizational effectiveness. In this sense, the present study has identified the existent relation between the professional satisfaction and the Organizational Culture, based in the model HSA. The research has been a quantitative-descriptive one and has had as population the technical-administrative workers from the Federal Center of Technical Education of Rio Grande do Norte (CEFET RN). The data collection has occurred during May, 2008, by means of the application of a questionnaire in the HSA model. The sample was composed by 167 subjects, distributed among the Five units of the institution. It was used the factorial analysis, with the extraction method of main components and orthogonal rotation varimax, in order to extract the dimensions of the satisfaction and of the organizational culture and the calculation of Cronbach s Alpha coefficient, to evaluate the reliability of these dimensions. The factorial analysis of the satisfaction indicators has identified four factors,, all of them showing significance: gratefulness and relationship , self-realization , stability and security and physical conditions and social benefits . The result of the factorial analysis with the indicators of the organizational culture has extracted four factors and among them, three of them have obtained significance: Personal Satisfaction Style , Competitive-Denial-Power Style and the Conventional-Dependent Style . After identifying the dimensions of the satisfaction and culture found at CEFET-RN, it has been notice the existence or not of relation among them, through the application of Pearson s coefficient. It has been verified that all of the dimensions of the Professional satisfaction are correlated with some dimension of the organizational culture, having in outstand position, with higher intensity, the relation between the culture style of Personal Satisfaction and the satisfaction factor referring to the self-realization

A satisfação dos clientes internos e o comprometimento organizacional: um estudo à luz do modelo ASH nas indústrias alimentícias no RN

Currently the organizations are passing for continuous cycles of changes due to necessity of survival in the work market. The administration of the future points a way to the organizations of today and tomorrow, the search of the competitiveness from loyalty and motivation of its staff. Of this form, the model of the Auditoria do Sistema Humano (ASH), developed for Spanish researchers and that now it is being applied in Brazil, contemplates a series of dimensions about Human Resources management quality in the companies and the organizational effectiveness, such as the environment where the company is inserted, the strategies, the organizational drawing, the psychological and psychosocial processes, e the reached results. In this direction, the present research analyzed the factors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, making, also, a relation of causality between the same ones. The quantitative-descriptive research had as population the employees of twenty three nourishing industries of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), registered in the Federacy of the Industries of the state. The collection of the data occurred for the months of October of 2005 and March of 2006, by means of the application of questionnaire of model ASH. The sample was composed for 197 employees, however it was observed presence of five outliers, that they had been excluded from the analysis of the data. To extract the dimensions of the satisfaction and the commitment and identification the factorial analysis was used, with extraction method of principal components, rotation Varimax and normalization Kaiser. The gotten dimensions had been evaluated with the calculation of the coefficient Alpha of Cronbach. The factorial analysis of the pointers of the organizational commitment and identification had extracted ten factors. Of these, four had gotten significance of the analyses inside: affective commitment, values commitment, continuance commitment and necessity commitment. The result of the analysis of the pointers of job satisfaction indicated four factors: extrinsic, motivations, relation with the friends and auto-accomplishment. To deal with the data the relation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment it was used technique of multiple regression. The correlation between commitment and satisfaction was satisfactory, detaching the affective commitment with bigger index of correlation, followed of the affective one

Estilo de vida individual de universitários jovens com excesso de peso da Universidade Católica de Murcia-Espanha

Individual lifestyle includes health and risk behaviors that can altar health status. Excess weight is a public health problem of modern civilization and there is an estimated mean prevalence of 45% in European countries. In Spain, the Murcia Region is an area of high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disorders. In this study we assess the differences in health and risk behaviors in ove/weight and normal weight undergraduates at the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Methods: Transversal design of parallel groups (overweight - cases and normal weight - control) , formed using the anthropometric technique. A questionnaire applied to a sample of 471 undergraduates of either sex, between the ages of 18 and 29 years, enrolled in 4 bachelor degree courses (ADE, CA, PER, PUB) at UCAM. We performed a standardized measurement of body mass (weight in kg), height (in meters) using a Seca® scale with calibrated stadiometer, waist and hip circumferences (in cm) with an inelastic tape and skinfolds thickness (triceps and subscapular in mm) with a Holtain® caliper, to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the sum of skinfolds (SSF). We applied a lifestyle questionnaire about alcohol and tobacco consumption, knowledge and behaviors related to health indicators (arterial pressure and cholesterol), diet and physical activity. The information was collected in April and May, 2001 at the UCAM laboratory of Applied Nutrition. Statistical analysis: analysis of independent groups, contingency tables that reveal which qualitativa variables show differences and associations between the groups, Pearson's chi-square,and a significance levei of p < 0.05 followed by a residual analysis (1.96). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to establish the two groups: case and contrai with 65 men and 26 women each who had BMI < 25 kg/m2. Results: A total of 65 of the men assessed (14%) and 26 (6%) of the women were overweight. Mean body mass index of the case group was 27. 78 ±: 2.83 kg/m2 in the men and 26.26 ± 1.37 kg/m2 in the women, while contrai group men had mean BMI of 22.36 ± 1.72 kg/m2, while for the women it was 20.76 ±: 2.13 kg/m2. The self-declared values of weight and height were underestimated, but with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Thus, these can be used to calculate the BMI of overweight Spanish undergraduates. Regular vigorous physical activity was observed only in normal weight men. The analysis showed the following significant differences for the qualitativa variables of the two groups. The contrai group was interested in arterial hypertension, believed that they were not overweight, that they had no abdominal fat, and had not considered controlling 'fatty food consumption. Those who thought of controlling it sometimes, did so without professional help. However, part of the overweight group believed that they were overweight and had abdominal fat between average and considerable, had often or always considered controlling fatty foods and had often or always tried to control consumption with the help of professionals. They had always thought of engaging in physical activities, unlike the normal weight individuals. Nearly all (95%) of the overweight undergraduates and most (75%) of the normal weight group reported that they sometimes or always controlled fatty food ingestion. Mean physical activity was nearly twice as high in the summer than in the winter. Conclusions: The overweight undergraduates in this sample displayed a lifestyle with a greater number of healthy behaviors when compared to normal weight individuals

Gregório de Matos: do barroco à antropofagia

The exponential figure of Gregório de Matos e Guerra has been subject of many theoretical discussions through the years, since his apparition in a public place, in the 19th century, and even more, during the 20th century, when he was salvaged by the modernist vanguard. As a result, there are yet two antagonist points of view linked to Gregório de Matos, on one side, there some researchers who defend him, on the other, some of them attack him. The first ones say this poet from Bahia was the first literary voice in Brazil, from the Baroque basis, while the last ones say he is a merely plagiarist of the Spanish poets from the 17th century, without a real contribution to the development of Brazilian Literature. With this in mind, this thesis follows the perspective this poet is an anthropophagus-baroque, devouring cultures, with an active participation in the process of our cultural and literary identity. For that reason, it was made a literature review about the biography of this poet trying to break romantic descriptions, emphasizing some scientific facts that can contribute to present the baroque profile of this poet. In this sense, it was discussed the History of Literature focused on this creole poet, mainly based on the historians point of view about the Gregorian poetry in the formation of Brazilian Literature scenery. In the defense of the hypothesis that Gregório de Matos was our first anthropophagus, this work aims to analyze how his poetry reveals the intrinsic characteristics of Baroque and Anthropophagy, focusing its carnivalesque aspect, showing to the world, with a satiric tone, the idiosyncrasies of human life. In this way, analyzing this corpus in Spanish is the strength of this thesis because, besides it is previously unpublished, it contributes to the comprehension of the anthropophagy as a theoretical mechanism that explains the process of formation of our cultural literary identity. Then, we have Augusto de Campos (1968; 1978; 1984; 1986; 1988), Haroldo de Campos (1976; 2010a; 2010b; 2011), Severo Sarduy ([1988?]), Oswald de Andrade (1945; 1978; 2006), Mikhail Bakhtin (2010), Octavio Paz (1979), Segismundo Spina (1980; 1995; 2008), Afrânio Coutinho (1986a; 1986b; 1994), Affonso Ávila (1994; 1997; 2004; 2008), among others, to constitute this theoretical scenery. The Gregorian poetry, in this way, have contributed to the formation of baroque-anthropophagic scenery in Brazilian boundaries, with a special attention to the transition of time, because he is not only from the 17th century, established by the historiography, but his work is present nowadays due to the contemporaneously of his themes, centered to the eternal doubts of baroque man

Uma América incógnita

Se os cronistas espanhóis inventaram paulatinamente o que viria a ser a América, como O' Gorman propôs, os cronistas portugueses da primeira metade do século XVI foram bem mais cautelosos na construção de uma identidade para os territórios do ultramar visitados por Colombo e por Cabral. Esses cronistas quinhentistas, com os olhos na Ásia, só tardiamente deixaram de pensar esse quase um outro mundo como lugar de passagem para pensá-lo como lugar de parada. Embora distanciando-se do tom de espanto que marca cartas e relatos utilizados como fontes e revelando uma preocupação em atribuir um lugar específico para a viagem de Cabral na construção da história portuguesa, as peripécias dos navegadores sobressaem às peculiaridades das terras e gentes que viriam futuramente a merecer dos seus congêneres uma atenção especial. Neste ensaio, o alvo visado é o lugar, na cronística portuguesa quinhentista, conferido a esses territórios de pouco prestígio, melhor, o lugar que lhe é concedido na memória portuguesa desses primeiros tempos.

Frei Agostinho de Jesus e as tradições da imaginária colonial brasileira: séculos XVI-XVII

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Inserção às avessas: a imigração espanhola em Franca-SP (1900-1955)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)