Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated approximately 2,000, approximately 3,700 and approximately 9,500 SNPs explained approximately 21%, approximately 24% and approximately 29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/beta-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants.

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

The possibilities and dangers in using malachite green in pisciculture.[Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.3 17-21, 1969.]

For many years a dye has been used in the practise of pisciculture and pond management, which is known by the name of malachite green, and is used to combat fungus on fish, fish eggs and external animal parasites on fish. The authors describe the problem of the application of malachite green in pisciculture and undertake special, complementary research.

Al compositional inhomogeneity of AlGaN epilayer with a high Al composition grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition

The A1 compositional distribution of A1GaN is investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL). Monochromatic CL images and CL spectra reveal a lateral A1 compositional inhomogeneity, which corresponds to surface hexagonal patterns. Cross-sectional CL images show a relatively uniform Al compositional distribution in the growth direction, indicating columnar growth mode of A1GaN films. In addition, a thin A1GaN layer with lower Al composition is grown on top of the buffer A1N layer near the bottom of the A1GaN epilayer because of the larger lateral mobility of Ga adatoms on the growth surface and their accumulation at the grain boundaries.

Superfluidity in dense nuclear matter

We discuss the onset of superfluidity in neutron stars, where the model of nuclear matter is realized in a high-density and asymmetry state. In particular, we present the study of the effects of microscopic three-body forces on the proton pairing in the 1S0 channel and neutron pairing in 3PF1 channel for β-stable neutron star matter. It is found that the main effects of three-body forces are to shrink the domain of existence of the 1S0 below the threshold of the direct URCA process and to stretch the density range of the 3PF1 pairing in a broad domain so to cover most part of the neutron-star core.

Three-body force rearrangement effect on single particle properties in neutron-rich nuclear matter

We extend the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) approach to include the three-body force (TBF) rearrangement contribution in calculating the neutron and proton single particle (s.p.) properties in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. We investigate the TBF rearrangement effect on the momentum-dependence of neutron and proton s.p. potentials, the isospin splitting and especially its density dependence of the neutron and proton effective masses, and the isospin symmetry potential in neutron-rich nuclear matter by adopting the realistic Argonne V-18 two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction supplemented with a microscopic TBF. We find that at low densities, the TBF rearrangement effect is fairly weak, whereas the TBF induces a significant rearrangement effect on the s.p. properties at high densities and large momenta. The TBF rearrangement contribution to s.p. potential is shown to be repulsive, and it reduces considerably the attraction of the BHF s.p. potential. The repulsion from the TBF rearrangement turns out to be strongly momentum dependent at high densities and high momenta. As a consequence, it enhances remarkably the momentum dependence of the proton and neutron s.p. potentials and reduces the neutron and proton effective masses. At low densities, the TBF rearrangement effect on symmetry potential is almost negligible, while at high densities, it enlarges sizably the symmetry potential. At high enough densities, it may even change the high-momentum behavior of symmetry potential. In both cases, with and without including the TBF rearrangement contribution, the predicted neutron effective mass is larger than the proton one in neutron-rich matter within the BHF framework; i.e., the predicted isospin splitting of the proton and neutron effective masses in neutron-rich matter is such that m(n)(*)>= m(p)(*), in agreement with the recent Dirac-BHF predictions. The TBF rearrangement contribution reduces remarkably the magnitude of the proton-neutron effective mass splitting at high densities. At high enough densities, inclusion of the TBF rearrangement contribution even suppresses almost completely the effective mass splitting.

Nucleon Superfluidity in Asymmetric Nuclear Matter and Neutron Star Matter

We have investigate the nucleon superfluidity in asymmetric nuclear matter and neutron star matter by using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach and the BCS theory. We have predicted the isospin-asymmetry dependence of the nucleon superfluidity in asymmetric nuclear matter and discussed particularly the effect of microscopic three-body forces. It has been shown that the three-body force leads to a strong suppression of the proton S-1(0) superfluidity in beta -stable neutron star matter. Whereas the microscopic three-body force is found to enhance remarkably the (PF2)-P-3 neutron superfluidity in neutron star matter and neutron stars.

NUCLEON-NUCLEON CROSS SECTIONS IN ISOSPIN ASYMMETRIC NUCLEAR MATTER

The in medium nucleon-nucleon (N N) cross sections in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter at various densities are investigated in the frame work of Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory with the Bonn B two-body nucleon-nucleon inter action supplemented with a new version microscopic three-body force (TBF). The TBF depresses the amplitude of cross sections at high density region. At low densities, the proton-proton and neutron-neutron cross sections decrease while the proton-neutron one increases as the asymmetry increases. But the sensitivity of the N N cross sections to the isospin a symmetry are reduced with the increasing density.

陆相热水沉积成因硅质岩与超大型锗矿床的成因—— 以临沧锗矿床为例

临沧锗矿床的硅质岩中存在大量的热水沉积构造和植物化石, 该硅质岩富SiO2 , 低TiO 2和Al2O3, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值平均为0.010, 明显富集Ge, Sb, As, W; 其次Cs, U, Mo和Tl有不同程度的富集, 稀土总量一般小于1 μg/g, 最大2.324 μg/g , 相对富集LREE; δ Eu为0.452 ~ 5.141, δ Ce为 0.997 ~ 1.174; 稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式呈平坦状或向左倾斜; 氧同位素组成与热泉硅华类似. 上述特征表明本区硅质岩属陆相热水沉积成因. 硅质岩作为中寨锗矿体的顶板或夹层, 在空间上与锗矿体紧密接触. 硅质岩中含锗5.6 ~ 360 μg/g, 平均78 μg/g. 靠近硅质岩的煤中锗含量明显升高. 随着煤中锗含量的不断升高, 含矿煤的特征微量元素比值及稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化分配模式与硅质岩越来越相似. 临沧锗矿床煤中锗可能主要由与煤层形成近同时的、以热水成因硅质岩为标志的热水活动带入.

内蒙古乌兰图嘎超大型锗矿床含锗煤的地球化学

乌兰图嘎锗矿是我国近年来发现的产在煤层中的超大型锗矿床，锗金属储量达1600吨，其成矿地质条件与成矿模式不同于临沧锗矿和俄罗斯远东地区的锗矿。本文以乌兰图嘎含锗煤的地球化学特征为重点，利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针、ICP-MS和数理统计等多种分析方法，系统研究了乌兰图嘎含锗煤的矿物学、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征，结合与其他地区含锗煤地球化学特征的对比，初步探讨了乌兰图嘎锗矿的成因。论文获得以下几点主要认识： 1. 乌兰图嘎含锗煤中的主要矿物包括石英、蒙脱石；次要矿物包括长石、高岭石、伊利石；另含少量三水铝石、角闪石、叶蜡石、石膏、绿泥石、锐钛矿、黄铁矿、方解石、白云石和草酸钙石。扫描电镜和电子探针分析表明，乌兰图嘎含锗煤中还存在锆石、闪锌矿、白钨矿、重晶石、黄铜矿、卤化物、磷酸盐以及含Pb、Bi、Cr、As和Sb矿物。未发现含锗矿物。首次在乌兰图嘎含锗煤和红旗煤矿的无矿煤中发现含Ag矿物。 2. 与上地壳平均组成相比，乌兰图嘎锗矿褐煤明显富集Be、Ge、Sb、W和U，亏损Rb、Nb、Sn和Ta。乌兰图嘎锗矿褐煤中Be、Ge、Sb、W和U的平均含量明显高于乌兰图嘎砂岩和红旗煤矿褐煤，以及美国煤和世界煤的平均组成。乌兰图嘎锗矿含矿煤的稀土元素平均含量略高于美国煤或世界煤的平均组成、乌兰图嘎砂岩以及同时代的红旗煤矿无锗煤中的稀土元素含量。稀土元素与锗含量无明显的相关性。 3. 按元素组合不同，煤中微量元素可划分为4个组：Ge-Mo，Tl-Ga-Zn-Co，Rb-Cs和W-U-Cd-Y-Pb-Cu-Hf-Zr-Th-Sn-Nb-Ta-Ti-Sb-Ba-Sr-Mn-Be组合。第一组合包括与灰分呈负相关的元素，它们主要表现出有机亲合性。 剩下三组包括与灰分呈负-较高相关的元素，其主要与硫化物或铝硅酸盐矿物结合。大多数含锗煤的稀土元素含量与灰分呈高度正相关，表明含锗煤中的稀土元素主要来自陆源碎屑并主要与同沉积矿物相结合。稀土元素在少数高锗煤中的富集与存在独居石有关。 4. Ge和Mo富集在不同剖面的不同部位，其余微量元素和稀土元素或多或少地跟随灰分的分布。TiO2标准化的元素剖面揭示乌兰图嘎褐煤样品中的Be/TiO2、Ge/TiO2、W/TiO2、U/TiO2、Mo/TiO2、Sb/TiO2、Tl/TiO2和Sr/TiO2比值较乌兰图嘎砂岩和红旗煤矿褐煤中的参考值高出许多。这些元素（Be、Ge、W、U、Mo、Sb、Tl和Sr）的大部分(>90%) 可能由溶液带入煤层。稀土元素与TiO2的比值总体接近矿区砂岩以及红旗煤矿无矿煤中的对应比值。 5. 乌兰图嘎含锗煤具有与矿区砂岩和红旗煤矿无矿煤类似的、页岩式的球粒陨石或北美页岩标准化稀土元素分配模式；与上覆砂岩的稀土元素组成相比，少量含锗煤表现出轻微但明显的中-重稀土富集，表明少量的中-重稀土在后生作用中被叠加或保留在乌兰图嘎含锗煤中。乌兰图嘎锗矿的含锗煤以较高的LREE/HREE和Eu/Eu*比值以及平坦的北美页岩标准化稀土元素分配模式为特征，明显区别于临沧锗矿和俄罗斯远东地区锗矿中的含矿煤。 6. 乌兰图嘎锗矿含锗煤中大多数的微量元素和稀土元素可能来源于花岗岩源区，Be、Ge、Sb、W和U的富集可能与后生的、侧向迁移的含锗溶液有关。含锗溶液自花岗岩源区淋滤出这些元素并将其搬运至褐煤中，煤中有机质将溶液中的锗固定而聚集成矿。

Ofensywa Wielkanocna 1972 (kulminacyjny punkt wojny wietnamskiej)

Wydział Historyczny: Instytut Historii

Prezbiter - świadek i sługa komunii. Aktualność przesłania Listu do moich kapłanów

Inspiracją dla autora artykułu stały się zebrane w Liście do moich kapłanów refleksje Prymasa Wyszyńskiego na temat tożsamości i misji prezbitera. Zawierają one wiele wątków, które niewątpliwie łączy przenikająca całe dzieło troska o jedność kapłanów w służbie eklezjalnej komunii. Dla Prymasa Tysiąclecia społeczna natura człowieka była czytelnym potwierdzeniem prawdy o jego powołaniu do życia we wspólnocie, nie tylko tej doczesnej, ale i tej nadprzyrodzonej. Należało tę naturalną zdolność do wchodzenia w relacje z innymi właściwie odczytać w świetle Bożego Objawienia. Bogate życie wewnętrzne pozwala kontemplować tajemnicę Trójcy Świętej i dostrzegać w Niej źródło eklezjalnej i międzyludzkiej komunii. Obdarowanie nadprzyrodzoną mocą wspólnoty z Bogiem w Kościele, uzdalnia wierzących w Chrystusa do nowych braterskich relacji, czyniąc z nich prawdziwą Bożą rodzinę. Proces ten dokonuje się dzięki pośrednictwu posługi kapłańskiej, dlatego też prezbiterzy są szczególnie wezwani, aby w ich wzajemnych relacjach jaśniał ten nowy, wspólnotowy styl życia. Osobista więź z Bogiem, relacja z ordynariuszem, pomiędzy prezbiterami, czy też z wiernymi świeckimi to podstawowe wymiary, w których kapłani mają jawić się jako świadkowie i słudzy komunii.

Minęło już pół wieku... Powstanie i działalność Wydawnictwa Naukowego UAM

W roku 2012 Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM obchodzi 50-lecie istnienia – działa od roku 1962 jako jednostka ogólnouczelniana Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Publikuje przede wszystkim monografie naukowe (w 50 seriach tematycznych), podręczniki, skrypty, słowniki, a także 25 czasopism naukowych (również w językach obcych). Rocznie ukazuje się około 150 tytułów. Za swoje osiągnięcia edytorskie wielokrotnie otrzymywaliśmy nagrody, m.in. na Krajowych Targach Książki Akademickiej ATENA, Wrocławskich Targach Książki Naukowej, Nagrody Klio na Targach Książki Historycznej, nagrody Stowarzyszenia Wydawców Szkół Wyższych im. ks. Edwarda Pudełki za najlepszy podręcznik akademicki oraz dyplomy i wyróżnienia w kolejnych edycjach Poznańskiego Przeglądu Nowości Wydawniczych, organizowanego przez Bibliotekę Raczyńskich. Nasze książki prezentowane były na międzynarodowych wystawach polskiej książki naukowej organizowanych przez Stowarzyszenie Wydawców Szkół Wyższych w: Paryżu, Londynie, Lwowie, Rzymie, Sztokholmie, Wilnie, Pradze, Kijowie, Petersburgu, Dniepropietrowsku, Watykanie, Wiedniu, Madrycie, a także na międzynarodowych targach książki we Frankfurcie, Londynie, Moskwie, Zagrzebiu, Győr (Węgry) i Pekinie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM jest pomysłodawcą i głównym organizatorem Poznańskich Dni Książki Naukowej, odbywających się nieprzerwanie od 1997 roku i gromadzących wydawców z całej Polski. Miejscem corocznych targów książki jest Hol Wielki Collegium Maius. Wydawnictwo jest jednym z członków założycieli Stowarzyszenia Wydawców Szkół Wyższych oraz członkiem Polskiego Towarzystwa Wydawców Książek.

Reduced vision in older adults with age related macular degeneration interferes with ability to care for self and impairs role as carer

Aim: To study the relation between visual impairment and ability to care for oneself or a dependant in older people with age related macular degeneration (AMD). Method: Cross sectional study of older people with visual impairment due to AMD in a specialised retinal service clinic. 199 subjects who underwent visual function assessment (fully corrected distance and near acuity and contrast sensitivity in both eyes), followed by completion of a package of questionnaires dealing with general health status (SF36), visual functioning (Daily Living Tasks Dependent on Vision, DLTV) and ability to care for self or provide care to others. The outcome measure was self reported ability to care for self and others. Three levels of self reported ability to care were identified—inability to care for self (level 1), ability to care for self but not others (level 2), and ability to care for self and others (level 3). Results: People who reported good general health status and visual functioning (that is, had high scores on SF36 and DLTV) were more likely to state that they were able to care for self and others. Similarly people with good vision in the better seeing eye were more likely to report ability to care for self and others. People with a distance visual acuity (DVA) worse than 0.4 logMAR (Snellen 6/15) had less than 50% probability of assigning themselves to care level 3 and those with DVA worse than 1.0 logMAR (Snellen 6/60) had a probability of greater than 50% or for assigning themselves to care level 1. Regression analyses with level of care as the dependent variable and demographic factors, DLTV subscales, and SF36 dimensions as the explanatory variables confirmed that the DLTV subscale 1 was the most important variable in the transition from care level 3 to care level 2. The regression analyses also confirmed that the DLTV subscale 2 was the most important in the transition from care level 3 to care level 1. Conclusions: Ability to care for self and dependants has a strong relation with self reported visual functioning and quality of life and is adversely influenced by visual impairment. The acuity at which the balance of probability shifts in the direction of diminished ability to care for self or others is lower than the level set by social care agencies for provision of support. These findings have implications for those involved with visual rehabilitation and for studies of the cost effectiveness of interventions in AMD.

The roles of thymidylate synthase and p53 in regulating Fas-mediated apoptosis in response to antimetabolites

Fas (CD95/Apo-1) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Receptor binding results in activation of caspase 8, leading to activation of proapoptotic downstream molecules. We found that expression of Fas was up-regulated >10-fold in MCF-7 breast and HCT116 and RKO colon cancer cell lines after treatment with IC(60) doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (RTX). Combined treatment with the agonistic Fas antibody CH-11 and either 5-FU or RTX resulted in a highly synergistic induction of apoptosis in these cell lines. Similar results were obtained for another antifolate, Alimta. Induction of thymidylate synthase expression inhibited Fas induction in response to RTX and Alimta, but not in response to 5-FU. Furthermore, thymidylate synthase induction abrogated the synergy between CH-11 and both antifolates but had no effect on the synergistic interaction between 5-FU and CH-11. Inactivation of p53 in MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines blocked 5-FU- and antifolate-mediated up-regulation of Fas. Furthermore, Fas was not up-regulated in response to 5-FU or antifolates in the p53-mutant H630 colon cancer cell line. Lack of Fas up-regulation in the p53-null and -mutant lines abolished the synergistic interaction between 5-FU and CH-11. Interestingly, synergy was still observed between the antifolates and CH-11 in the p53-null HCT116 and p53-mutant H630 cell lines, although this was significantly reduced compared with the p53 wild-type cell lines. Our results indicate that Fas is an important mediator of apoptosis in response to both 5-FU and antifolates.