Fifth harmonic and sag impact on PMSG wind turbines with a balancing new strategy for capacitor voltages

This paper deals with the computing simulation of the impact on permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines due to fifth harmonic content and grid voltage decrease. Power converter topologies considered in the simulations are the two-level and the three-level ones. The three-level converters are limited by unbalance voltages in the DC-link capacitors. In order to lessen this limitation, a new control strategy for the selection of the output voltage vectors is proposed. Controller strategies considered in the simulation are respectively based on proportional integral and fractional-order controllers. Finally, a comparison between the results of the simulations with the two controller strategies is presented in order to show the main advantage of the proposed strategy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inverse dynamics based predictive control for unified power flow controllers without DC bus

This paper presents a new predictive digital control method applied to Matrix Converters (MC) operating as Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC). This control method, based on the inverse dynamics model equations of the MC operating as UPFC, just needs to compute the optimal control vector once in each control cycle, in contrast to direct dynamics predictive methods that needs 27 vector calculations. The theoretical principles of the inverse dynamics power flow predictive control of the MC based UPFC with input filter are established. The proposed inverse dynamics predictive power control method is tested using Matlab/Simulink Power Systems toolbox and the obtained results show that the designed power controllers guarantees decoupled active and reactive power control, zero error tracking, fast response times and an overall good dynamic and steady-state response.

Linear and sliding-mode control design for matrix converter-based unified power flow controllers

This paper presents the design and compares the performance of linear, decoupled and direct power controllers (DPC) for three-phase matrix converters operating as unified power flow controllers (UPFC). A simplified steady-state model of the matrix converter-based UPFC fitted with a modified Venturini high-frequency pulse width modulator is first used to design the linear controllers for the transmission line active (P) and reactive (Q) powers. In order to minimize the resulting cross coupling between P and Q power controllers, decoupled linear controllers (DLC) are synthesized using inverse dynamics linearization. DPC are then developed using sliding-mode control techniques, in order to guarantee both robustness and decoupled control. The designed P and Q power controllers are compared using simulations and experimental results. Linear controllers show acceptable steady-state behaviour but still exhibit coupling between P and Q powers in transient operation. DLC are free from cross coupling but are parameter sensitive. Results obtained by DPC show decoupled power control with zero error tracking and faster responses with no overshoot and no steady-state error. All the designed controllers were implemented using the same digital signal processing hardware.

Multilevel high-voltage pulse generation based on a new modular solid-state switch

This paper describes a modular solid-state switching cell derived from the Marx generator concept to be used in topologies for generating multilevel unipolar and bipolar high-voltage (HV) pulses into resistive loads. The switching modular cell comprises two ON/OFF semiconductors, a diode, and a capacitor. This cell can be stacked, being the capacitors charged in series and their voltages balanced in parallel. To balance each capacitor voltage without needing any parameter measurement, a vector decision diode algorithm is used in each cell to drive the two switches. Simulation and experimental results, for generating multilevel unipolar and bipolar HV pulses into resistive loads are presented.

Two cooperating manipulators with fractional controllers

This paper analyzes the dynamic performance of two cooperative robot manipulators. It is studied the implementation of fractional-order algorithms in the position/force control of two cooperating robotic manipulators holding an object. The simulations reveal that fractional algorithms lead to performances superior to classical integer-order controllers.

Fuzzy linguistic controllers applied to decouple control loop effects

A fuzzy linguistic controller has been developed and implemented with the aim to cope with interactions between control loops due to coupling effects. To access the performance of the proposed approach several experiments have also been conducted using the classical PID controllers in the control loops. A mixing process has been used as test bed of all controllers experimented and the corresponding dynamic model has been derived. The successful results achieved with the fuzzy linguistic controllers suggests that they can be an alternative to classical controllers when in the presence of process plants where automatic control as to cope with coupling effects between control loops. © 2014 IEEE.

Realization of fractional-order controllers: analysis, synthesis and application to the velocity control of a servo system

The synthesis and application of fractional-order controllers is now an active research field. This article investigates the use of fractional-order PID controllers in the velocity control of an experimental modular servo system. The systern consists of a digital servomechanism and open-architecture software environment for real-time control experiments using MATLAB/Simulink. Different tuning methods will be employed, such as heuristics based on the well-known Ziegler Nichols rules, techniques based on Bode’s ideal transfer function and optimization tuning methods. Experimental responses obtained from the application of the several fractional-order controllers are presented and analyzed. The effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed algorithms are also compared with classical integer-order PID controllers.

Application of fractional controllers for quad rotor

This paper studies the application of fractional algorithms in the control of a quad-rotor rotorcraft. The development of a flight simulator provide the evaluation of the controller algorithm. Several basic maneuvers are investigated, namely the elevation and the position control.

Optimal tuning of fractional controllers using genetic algorithms

This study addresses the optimization of fractional algorithms for the discrete-time control of linear and non-linear systems. The paper starts by analyzing the fundamentals of fractional control systems and genetic algorithms. In a second phase the paper evaluates the problem in an optimization perspective. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the evolutionary strategy and the adaptability to distinct types of systems.

On the robustness of the slotine-Li and the FPT/SVD-based adaptive controllers

A comparative study concerning the robustness of a novel, Fixed Point Transformations/Singular Value Decomposition (FPT/SVD)-based adaptive controller and the Slotine-Li (S&L) approach is given by numerical simulations using a three degree of freedom paradigm of typical Classical Mechanical systems, the cart + double pendulum. The effects of the imprecision of the available dynamical model, presence of dynamic friction at the axles of the drives, and the existence of external disturbance forces unknown and not modeled by the controller are considered. While the Slotine-Li approach tries to identify the parameters of the formally precise, available analytical model of the controlled system with the implicit assumption that the generalized forces are precisely known, the novel one makes do with a very rough, affine form and a formally more precise approximate model of that system, and uses temporal observations of its desired vs. realized responses. Furthermore, it does not assume the lack of unknown perturbations caused either by internal friction and/or external disturbances. Its another advantage is that it needs the execution of the SVD as a relatively time-consuming operation on a grid of a rough system-model only one time, before the commencement of the control cycle within which it works only with simple computations. The simulation examples exemplify the superiority of the FPT/SVD-based control that otherwise has the deficiency that it can get out of the region of its convergence. Therefore its design and use needs preliminary simulation investigations. However, the simulations also exemplify that its convergence can be guaranteed for various practical purposes.

Tuning and application of integer and fractional order PID controllers

Fractional calculus (FC) is widely used in most areas of science and engineering, being recognized its ability to yield a superior modeling and control in many dynamical systems. In this perspective, this article illustrates two applications of FC in the area of control systems. Firstly, is presented a methodology of tuning PID controllers that gives closed-loop systems robust to gain variations. After, a fractional-order PID controller is proposed for the control of an hexapod robot with three dof legs. In both cases, it is demonstrated the system's superior performance by using the FC concepts.

Low-voltage low-power CMOS analogue circuits for Gaussian and uniform noise generation

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MAY 25-28, 2003, Bangkok, Thailand. (ISI Web of Science)

Projeto e implementação de um pré-regulador de fator de potência com controlo digital

Hoje em dia as fontes de alimentação possuem correção do fator de potência, devido às diversas normas regulamentares existentes, que introduziram grandes restrições no que respeita à distorção harmónica (THD) e fator de potência (FP). Este trabalho trata da análise, desenvolvimento e implementação de um Pré-Regulador de fator de potência com controlo digital. O controlo digital de conversores com recurso a processamento digital de sinal tem vindo a ser ao longo dos últimos anos, objeto de investigação e desenvolvimento, estando constantemente a surgirem modificações nas topologias existentes. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estudar e implementar um Pré-Regulador Retificador Boost e o respetivo controlo digital. O controlo do conversor é feito através da técnica dos valores médios instantâneos da corrente de entrada, desenvolvido através da linguagem de descrição de hardware VHDL (VHSIC HDL – Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) e implementado num dispositivo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) Spartan-3E. Neste trabalho são apresentadas análises matemáticas, para a obtenção das funções de transferência pertinentes ao projeto dos controladores. Para efetuar este controlo é necessário adquirir os sinais da corrente de entrada, tensão de entrada e tensão de saída. O sinal resultante do módulo de controlo é um sinal de PWM com valor de fator de ciclo variável ao longo do tempo. O projeto é simulado e validado através da plataforma MatLab/Simulink e PSIM, onde são apresentados resultados para o regime permanente e para transitórios da carga e da tensão de alimentação. Finalmente, o Pré-Regulador Retificador Boost controlado de forma digital é implementado em laboratório. Os resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar a metodologia e o projeto desenvolvidos.

Simulation of rectifier voltage malfunction on OWECS, four-level converter, HVDC light link: Smart grid context tool

This paper presents a model for the simulation of an offshore wind system having a rectifier input voltage malfunction at one phase. The offshore wind system model comprises a variable-speed wind turbine supported on a floating platform, equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator using full-power four-level neutral point clamped converter. The link from the offshore floating platform to the onshore electrical grid is done through a light high voltage direct current submarine cable. The drive train is modeled by a three-mass model. Considerations about the smart grid context are offered for the use of the model in such a context. The rectifier voltage malfunction domino effect is presented as a case study to show capabilities of the model. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Retificador trifásico controlado com fator de potência quase unitário

Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica Ramo Automação e Eletrónica Industrial