932 resultados para Spectral characteristics


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利用块状正常色散材料作非线性介质,实验研究了负啁啾强激光飞秒脉冲在正常色散材料的传输过程中,脉冲波形及频谱随入射脉冲能量的变化特性.实验发现,负啁啾脉冲经过材料后激光光谱在被整形和压缩的同时,脉冲宽度也被压缩.实验获得的压缩脉冲宽度短于相等光谱宽度下的双曲正割转换极限脉冲宽度。数值模拟结果显示,在实验条件下模拟结果具有同样的变化特性.

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We experimentally demonstrate that high-power femtosecond pulses can be compressed during the nonlinear propagation in the normally dispersive solid bulk medium. The self-compression behavior was detailedly investigated under a variety of experimental conditions, and the temporal and spectral characteristics of resulted pulses were found to be significantly affected by the input pulse intensity, with higher intensity corresponding to shorter compressed pulses. By passing through a piece of BK7 glass, a self-compression from 50 to 20 fs was achieved, with a compression factor of about 2.5. However, the output pulse was observed to be split into two peaks when the input intensity is high enough to generate supercontinuum and conical emission. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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用体布拉格光栅(VBG)作为反馈元件与瓦级半导体激光器(LD)以及快轴准直柱透镜构成一个可以将半导体激光器的工作波长稳定在体布拉格光栅布拉格波长处的外腔激光器。测量了体布拉格光栅外腔激光器的波长稳定性与其工作电流、热汇温度、激光束准直装置等因素的关系。分析了波长稳定效果与半导体激光器增益谱特性、外腔结构参量等因素的关系。研究表明,在相同的工作电流、热汇温度下,当准直柱透镜直径为0.4 mm时的波长稳定效果较好;在此情况下,当热汇温度控制在30 ℃,工作电流从0.5 A增加到1.5 A的测量范围内,以及当工

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Output power fluctuations in a grating external cavity diode laser with Littman configuration are described, showing peculiar chaotic behaviors of self-pulsation at the L-I curve kink points. Different spectral characteristics with multiple peaks are observed at upper and lower state of the self-pulsation. It is found also that P-N junction voltage jumps in a same pace with the pulsation. The observed phenomena reflect competition between different longitudinal modes, and transient variation of transverse modes in addition. These experimental results may contain information about the mechanisms of the chaotic instability in strong filtered feedback semiconductor lasers. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

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合成了具有大π共轭性的对称型芴类衍生物9,9-二(2-乙基已基)-2,7-(2-(4-甲氧基)苯-2,1-乙烯基)芴(简写为MO-F1u—MO)。通过元素分析、质谱、紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱对其进行了表征。测试了该染料在乙腈、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和正己烷4种不同极性溶剂中的线性吸收光谱和单光子荧光谱。结果发现溶剂效应对吸收光谱和荧光光谱表现出不同程度的影响,对产生这些光谱行为的主要原因进行了讨论。

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报道了一种MOPA式国产单频光纤放大器。该放大器采用连续波单频激光器作为主振荡器,采用我国自行设计和制造的大模场面积掺Yb双包层光纤作为功率放大器,在波长1064 nm处实现了最高7.3 W的连续激光输出,斜率效率为39%,光-光转换效率为26%。此外,对光谱特性及放大的自发发射的抑制也进行了探讨。

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通过对基底与膜层、膜层之间界面处非均匀性对增透膜增透性能影响的讨论,得到以下结论:在沉积初期,由于基底表面特性和沉积参数的波动,从而在基底与膜层之间产生过渡层,使增透性能减弱,对增透膜的增透效果影响较大;在膜层之间的过渡层,正余弦过渡使增透性能变强,双曲、指数使增透性能减弱,但影响较小,线性渐变基本没有影响。实验镀制了增透膜并对其进行拟合分析,发现基底与膜层以及膜层之间的过渡层按正余弦变化时与实验结果比较吻合,并给予了解释。

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探讨了不同规律的非均匀性对单层膜的光谱特性的影响,与均匀单层膜对比发现:折射率正变引起透射率的极大值减小,折射率负变引起透射率的极大值变大,当非均匀性很小时,透射率的极小值基本不变.对实验制备的单层膜从实验和理论上进行了对比并给出了较好的拟合,发现在薄膜和基底的界面处存在一过渡层,过渡层可近似为线性,并从理论上给予了分析解释.

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基于傅里叶模式理论分析了双层浮雕型导模共振光栅的共振效应,分别讨论了光栅的槽深、剩余厚度、周期以及填充系数对峰值反射率、带宽、旁带反射率的影响.数据计算表明,欠刻蚀情形的误差宽容度远远优于过刻蚀情形,两者在光栅槽深相对误差小于15%的范围内,都能保证共振峰的衍射效率高于99.5%,在相同的误差范围内,共振峰线宽的相对误差将分别达到7%和60%,因此厚度误差集中反映在对共振线宽的改变上.另外,光栅周期和填充系数的变化将明显改变共振峰中心波长和线宽.

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本研究通过对鄂尔多斯(主要为毛乌素地区)植物遥感光谱和土壤结皮光谱的测定,通过专题资料搜集、野外踏查、植被样方调查和室内盆栽试验和实验室分析等工作,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,测定了研究区主要植物光谱和土壤结皮光谱,建立了研究区生态环境本底数据库,在以上的基础上,进行了3方面的详细研究: (1) 通过野外样方调查,野外和室内培养的生物结皮的地面高光谱测定和野外典型地物(鄂尔多斯地区优势高等植物种和沙地土壤)的高光谱测定。采用人工模拟降雨,从苔藓休眠-正常代谢-休眠过程中,研究苔藓土壤结皮的光谱变化,得出苔藓结皮在夏季的生命活动期(正常代谢)的光谱曲线具有高等植物光谱曲线特征;不同地物的NDVI在降水前后变化:苔藓结皮NDVI的变化为0.3-0.35左右,藻类结皮变化为0.15左右,100%盖度的油蒿变化约为0.03左右,而土壤物理结皮的NDVI变化为0.06-0.08左右,可见降水对结皮的归一化植被指数的影响较土壤和高等植被大的多,对苔藓结皮的影响尤其显著。 通过线性模型研究了生物结皮对区域植被遥感解译的影响:模拟得出调查区域(11km样线)由于干湿结皮的变换, NDVI值平均变化0.03, 苔藓湿时的NDVI较苔藓干时相对提高9.3%。可见在研究区,由于苔藓结皮等土壤结皮的存在和干旱半干旱区降雨的不稳定性,必然造成该区域短时间内NDVI的不稳定性。研究结果可为如何结合苔藓结皮的高光谱特征及其变化规律选择和研究合适的生物结皮(苔藓)遥感解译方法提供借鉴。 (2)通过对1980S,1990s,2000s三个时期遥感图像解译,分析了毛乌素沙地沙漠化过程及其驱动机制,认为毛乌素沙地近20年来沙漠化程度有所减轻,植被覆盖有所增加。气候因素和人为因素是导致植被覆盖增加的决定因素,通过多元回归分析确定降水和温度是影响毛乌素沙地植被变化的关键气候因子,并建立了相应的回归方程;人为因素的影响表现在20年来农田和林地的大面积增加。 (3)在建立研究区生态环境本底数据库的基础上,利用遥感解译结果和地理信息系统的空间分析功能,分析了气候因素、地质水文因素、地形和地貌等对植被分布的影响,得出在不同尺度上,影响植被分布的关键因素不同。在鄂尔多斯研究区,区域年降水量对全区的植被分布有着重要影响,尽管地质水文条件的不同也影响了小区域的植被分布。在毛乌素沙地区,在宏观尺度上(旗县),植被分布与其所处的海拔高度关系不明显,在小尺度上,植被分布表现出趋向于相对低海拔分布;小尺度研究中发现,植被分布受地形和基质岩性的组合的综合影响。

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采用柱层析法从菠菜叶绿体中分离纯化得到高等植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心色素蛋白复合体Dl/D2/Cyt b559,并对其性质,特别是光破坏作用的分子机理进行了研究。主要结果如下: 1、PSⅡ反应中心复合物所含的色素比大约为Chla/2 Pheo a=6.0。其四阶导数光谱在红区有两个峰,表明该反应中心至少存在两种结合状态的Chla。 2、Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的荧光相对产率及发射光谱的谱带位置与样品的浓度直接相关。只有当样品的浓度达到足够稀的程度(Chla和Pheo a总浓度小于1μg/ml),才能得到较真实的荧光光谱,其峰位在681nm处。 3、Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的CD光谱在红区(Qy带)有一对反向谱带,正蜂为680nm,负峰为660nm,而在β-胡萝卜素的吸收区没有明显的CD信号。当该反应中心复合物受光破坏后,CD信号明显下降,而且当正峰完全消失后,负峰仍然存在,说明负峰不仅包含P680 的信号,也包含其它色素分子的信号,很可能有部分来源于Pheo a。 4、Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物在488nm处激发的共振拉曼光谱显示四个主要谱带,其峰位分别在1532(ν1)、1165(ν2)、1010(ν3)和970cm-1(ν4)处,表明PSⅡ反应中心结合的B-胡萝卜素分子是全反式构型。Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的色素抽提液的拉曼光谱也显示四个主要的拉曼峰,其中ν4谱带的强度急剧下降,说明PSⅡ反应中心内部结合的β-胡萝卜素分子与抽提液中自由的β-胡萝卜素分子的构象不同,而与光合细菌反应中心内部的类胡萝卜素分子的构象相似,其共轭多烯链的平面也处于扭曲状态。 5、光照使PSⅡ反应中心的原初电子供体P680受到破坏,在光照后的暗放置过程中P680分子继续受到破坏,表明在光照过程中很可能有一个相对稳定的反应中间体产生,以至于光照后暗放置过程中Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的光谱特性继续发生变化。也就是说,PSⅡ反应中心Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的光破坏不是一步反应,而是一个多步反应或多条途径。 6、光照使Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物中的组氨酸(His)残基受到很大程度的破坏,甲硫氨酸(Met)残基的含量也略有下降,而其它氨基酸的含量基本保持不变。His残基的破坏很可能与光照后暗放置过程中Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的光谱特性变化相关。我们认为His残基的光照破坏很可能是Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物受光照破坏的另一分子机理。 7、人工电子受体癸基质体醌(DPQ)可以与Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物进行重组。Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物的荧光衰减分析表明,在DPQ重组之后,两个长寿命荧光组分(24ns和73ns)的寿命减小,而且占整个荧光的分数也下降,表明这两个长寿命荧光衰减组分均来源于电荷重组过程。同时,β-胡萝卜素分子在DPQ重组之后更易于被光照破坏,这个过程可能与β-胡萝卜素分子的生理功能相关。 8、在没有外加人工电子受体的情况下,光照使DDl/D2/Cyt b559 复合物的多肽组成发生一定变化。SDS-PAGE图谱中出现一个约40KDa的新谱带,同时Dl与D2多肽的表观分子量增加,谱带染色强度下降。 9、本文根据以上实验结果,着重对Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物光破坏的分子机理进行了分析和讨论,并在D1蛋白裂解的两种可能途经中又增加了一个新的可能导致Dl蛋白裂解的途径,即:His残基的光照破坏可以作为Dl/D2/Cyt b559复合物光破坏及Dl蛋白裂解的又一分子机理,这为深入研究PSⅡ反应中心的光破坏提供了新的线索,也为今后研究活体内光抑制现象的分子机制打下了良好的基础

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155Mb/s operation of an optical wireless link is achieved by using the spectral characteristics and angular emission spectra of a 7-element tracking array of 980nm RC-LEDs. Preliminary results show extension to 200 Mb/s/channel. © 2006 Optical Society of America.

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In this paper we examine triggering in a simple linearly-stable thermoacoustic system using techniques from flow instability and optimal control. Firstly, for a noiseless system, we find the initial states that have highest energy growth over given times and from given energies. Secondly, by varying the initial energy, we find the lowest energy that just triggers to a stable periodic solution. We show that the corresponding initial state grows first towards an unstable periodic solution and, from there, to the stable periodic solution. This exploits linear transient growth, which arises due to nonnormality in the governing equations and is directly analogous to bypass transition to turbulence. Thirdly, we introduce noise that has similar spectral characteristics to this initial state. We show that, when triggering from low noise levels, the system grows to high amplitude self-sustained oscillations by first growing towards the unstable periodic solution of the noiseless system. This helps to explain the experimental observation that linearly-stable systems can trigger to self-sustained oscillations even with low background noise. © 2010 by University of Cambridge. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

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Triglycerides, phospholipids and sarcoplasmic proteins fractions of white pomfret produced considerable amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRS) on irradiation. Incubation of malonaldehyde with pomfret skin under aseptic conditions developed yellow pigmentation of the skin tissues, similar in spectral characteristics to those produced on irradiation of the skin.

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This paper demonstrates the application of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques to a particle-laden reacting flow of pulverized coal. A laboratory-scale open-type annular burner is utilized to generate velocity profiles of coal particles and micrometric alumina particles. Pair-wise two-component LDV measurements and high-speed stereo PIV measurements provide three-dimensional velocity components of the flow field. A detailed comparison of velocities for alumina and coal particle seeding revealed differences attributed to the wide size distribution of coal particles. In addition, the non-spherical shape and high flame luminosity associated with coal particle combustion introduces noise to the Mie scatter images. The comparison of mean and RMS velocities measured by LDV and PIV techniques showed that PIV measurements are affected by the wide size distribution of coal particles, whereas LDV measurements become biased toward the velocity of small particles, as signals from large particles are rejected. This small-particle bias is also reflected in the spectral characteristics for both techniques, which are in good agreement within the range of frequencies accessible. PIV measurements showed an expected lack of response of large coal particles to the turbulence fluctuations. The overall good agreement between LDV and PIV measurements demonstrates the applicability of the high-speed PIV technique to a particle-laden, high luminosity coal flame while highlighting some of its limitations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.